Apparatus and method for securing beacons

• US 9,241,262 B2
• Filed: 10/13/2014
• Issued: 01/19/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 08/01/2013
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Qualcomm technologies international, ltd. (Qualcomm, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Qualcomm technologies international, ltd. (Qualcomm, Inc.)
• Inventors: Graube, Nicolas
• Primary Examiner(s): Okeke, Izunna
• Assistant Examiner(s): Shayanfar, Ali
• Application Number:
  US14/512,747
• Publication Number:
  US 20150036823A1
• Time in Patent Office: 463 Days
• Field of Search: 380/44, 380/277
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 63/0414 during transmission, i.e. party's identity is protected against eavesdropping, e.g. by using temporary identifiers, but is known to the other party or parties involved in the communication
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 63/068 using time-dependent keys, e.g. periodically changing keys cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for controlling usage of secret information H04L9/088
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/0866 involving user or device identifiers, e.g. serial number, physical or biometrical information, DNA, hand-signature or measurable physical characteristics
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/0869 involving random numbers or seeds
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 12/02 Protecting privacy or anonymity, e.g. protecting personally identifiable information [PII]
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 12/04 Key management, e.g. using generic bootstrapping architecture [GBA]
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 12/75 Temporary identity
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 4/021 Services related to particular areas, e.g. point of interest [POI] services, venue services or geofences

Abstract

A short-range communication tag includes a transmitter, a clock circuit providing a clock value and a memory containing a unique identification value. The tag further includes a processor which generates encryption keys with a period of K seconds and combines the unique identification value with the encryption key, according to a predetermined encryption method, to generate an obfuscated unique identification value. The tag further includes a short-range transmitter to transmit the tag identification value.

Claims

1. A short-range communication tag, comprising:

a transmitter;

a clock circuit providing a clock value that changes with a period of a clock signal;

a memory storing a unique identification value;

a processor, coupled to the memory, the clock circuit, and the transmitter, the processor configured to;

insert bits of a Salt value into the unique identification value to generate a salted identification value;

generate a sequence of encryption keys, wherein the processor is configured to generate new encryption keys in the sequence of encryption keys with a period of K seconds, according to a schedule, where K is an integer; and

for a current encryption key in the sequence of encryption keys;

encrypt the salted identification value and a checksum value calculated for the salted identification value with the current encryption key, according to a predetermined encryption method, to generate an encrypted tag identification value; and

cause the transmitter to transmit the encrypted tag identification value,

wherein the encrypted tag identification value is configured such that when the encrypted tag identification value is received by a mobile listening device, the mobile listening device;

processes at least a portion of the encrypted tag identification value to generate a decrypted value including the salted identification value and the checksum value,

extracts the checksum value from the decrypted value, generates a further checksum value of the salted identification value,

compares the checksum value and the further checksum value, and

in response to the checksum value matching the further checksum value, removes the Salt value from the salted identification value to generate the unique identification value.

2. The short-range communications tag according to claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to generate a sequence of pseudo-random number (PN) values as the sequence of encryption keys.

3. A mobile listening device comprising:

a short-range receiver;

a memory storing a plurality of encryption keys; and

a processor coupled to the short-range receiver and the memory, the processor being configured to;

receive an encrypted tag identification value via the short-range receiver;

process at least a portion of the encrypted tag identification value using a predetermined decryption method and one of the plurality of encryption keys to generate a decrypted value including a salted identification value and a checksum value;

extract the checksum value from the decrypted value;

generate a further checksum value of the salted identification value;

compare the checksum value and the further checksum value; and

in response to the checksum value matching the further checksum value, remove a Salt value from the salted identification value, as identified by predetermined configuration data, to generate a unique identification value.

4. The mobile listening device according to claim 3, wherein the processor is further configured to:

in response to the checksum value not matching the further checksum value;

process at least the portion of the encrypted tag identification value using the predetermined decryption method and another one of the plurality of encryption to generate a second decrypted value including a second salted identification value and a second checksum value;

extract the second checksum value from the second decrypted value;

generate a second further checksum value of the second salted identification value;

compare the second checksum value and the second further checksum value; and

in response to the second checksum value matching the further checksum value;

remove the Salt from the second salted identification value, as identified by the predetermined configuration data, to generate the unique identification value.

5. A method for encrypting a tag identifier (ID) of a short-range communications tag, comprising:

retrieving, by a processor of the short-range communications tag, a unique identification value from a memory;

inserting, by the processor, bits of a Salt value into the unique identification value to generate a salted identification value;

generating, by the processor, a sequence of encryption keys with a period K seconds, as determined by a clock value;

encrypting, by the processor, the salted identification value and a checksum value calculated for the salted identification value using a currently generated one of the encryption keys according to a predetermined encryption algorithm to generate an encrypted tag identification value; and

broadcasting the encrypted tag identification value by a transmitter coupled to the processor,

wherein the encrypted tag identification value is configured such that when the encrypted tag identification value is received by a mobile listening device, the mobile listening device;

processes at least a portion of the encrypted tag identification value to generate a decrypted value including the salted identification value and the checksum value,

extracts the checksum value from the decrypted value, generates a further checksum value of the salted identification value,

compares the checksum value and the further checksum value, and

in response to the checksum value matching the further checksum value, removes the Salt value from the salted identification value to generate the unique identification value.

6. The method for encrypting the tag ID according to claim 5, further comprising:

generating, by the processor, a pseudo-random number (PN) value as the Salt value with a period of S seconds, where S is an integer and K is a multiple of S.

7. The method for encrypting the tag ID according to claim 6 further comprising:

establishing a communications channel with a field service application; and

receiving, via the communications channel, a seed value for use in generating the encryption keys, a reference value for the clock value, and the values of K and S.

8. An apparatus, comprising:

a clock generator having a clock value that changes in response to a clock signal;

a transceiver;

a memory;

a processor coupled to the transceiver, the clock signal generator and the memory, the processor configured to;

generate a sequence of encryption keys and seed values including, a current encryption key and a current seed value and store at least a portion of the sequence of encryption keys and seed values in the memory;

retrieve from the memory the current seed value and the current encryption key;

establish a transmission connection with a field service application and a listening device via the transceiver;

transmit the current seed value and a current clock value to the field service application via the transmission connection; and

transmit the current encryption key to the listening device via the transceiver,

wherein the listening device;

processes at least a portion of an encrypted tag identification value to generate a decrypted value including a salted identification value and a checksum value,

extracts the checksum value from the decrypted value, generates a further checksum value of the salted identification value,

compares the checksum value and the further checksum value, and

in response to the checksum value matching the further checksum value, removes a Salt value from the salted identification value to generate a unique identification value.

9. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the processor is configured to generate a sequence of pseudo-random number (PN) values as the sequence of encryption keys.

10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the processor is configured to establish a secure transmission connection as the transmission connection with the field service application.

11. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the memory is configured to hold a new key generation schedule value and a new Salt generation schedule value;

and

the processor is configured to transmit the new key generation schedule value and the new Salt generation schedule value to the field service application with the retrieved seed value and the current clock value via the transmission connection.

12. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the processor is further configured to:

transmit multiple ones of the encryption keys to the listening device via the transceiver; and

receive, from the listening device, a tag ID.

13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the memory is configured to hold at least a previous encryption key and a next encryption key in addition to the current encryption key as the multiple encryption keys and the processor is configured to transmit the previous encryption key, the current encryption key and the next encryption key to the listening device via the transceiver.

14. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the processor is configured to:

receive, via the transceiver, a request from the listening device for a further encryption key;

generate the further encryption key as a key in the sequence following the next encryption key; and

transmit the further encryption key to the listening device via the transceiver.