Cooling structure, vortex-flow forming plate molding apparatus, and method for molding vortex-flow generating portion

• US 9,243,855 B2
• Filed: 03/15/2013
• Issued: 01/26/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 04/10/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.
• Original Assignee: Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.
• Inventors: Koizuka, Yousuke, Nakayama, Tatsuomi, Ishikawa, Ichiro
• Primary Examiner(s): Leo, Leonard R
• Application Number:
  US14/390,667
• Publication Number:
  US 20150168084A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,047 Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: B23P 15/00 Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
• CPC Class Codes: F28F 13/06 by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media F28F13/003 takes precedence; static flow control means in header boxes F28F9/026
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 23/3735 Laminates or multilayers, e.g. direct bond copper ceramic substrates
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 23/473 by flowing liquids H01L23/4332, H01L23/4338 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 24/32 of an individual layer connector
• CPC Class Codes: H05K 7/20254 Cold plates transferring heat from heat source to coolant
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 29/37 Impeller making apparatus
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 29/49316 Impeller making

Abstract

A cooling structure for cooling a heat generating element allows cooling fluid to circulate around the heat generating element or a base material with the heat generating element disposed thereon. The cooling structure is provided with a vortex-flow generating portion which extends in a direction intersecting a circulation direction of the cooling fluid, and which generates a vortex flow depending on the flow rate of cooling fluid.

Claims

1. A cooling structure to cool a heat generating element by allowing a cooling fluid to flow and come into contact with the heat generating element or a base material with the heat generating element disposed thereon, comprising:

a vortex-flow generating portion, which extends in a direction intersecting a circulation direction of the cooling fluid, and which generates a vortex flow in accordance with a flow rate of the cooling fluid,

wherein the vortex-flow generating portion includes a plurality of concave portions arranged at predetermined intervals,

W⁺=Wu_τ

/ν

is set within a range of 25 to 300, where W⁺=Wu_τ

/ν

is a value given by nondimensionalizing an opening width W as measured in meters of each of the plurality of concave portions by using a shear rate of u_τ

=(T_ω

/ρ

)^1/2 as measured in meters per second calculated from a shear stress τ

_ω

as measured in Newtons per meter squared and a fluid density ρ

as measured in kilograms per meter;

an experimental formula of a pipe friction coefficient, represented by C_f=τ

_ω

/(0.5ρ

u²)=0.73 Re<sup>−

0.25</sup> calculated from a flow rate u as measured in meters per second, the fluid density ρ

, and the Reynolds number Re; and

a kinematic viscosity ν

as measured in meters squared per second,

wherein a maximum height H as measured in meters of each of the plurality of concave portions is set smaller than a distance X from an opening surface of each of the plurality of concave portions to a flow passage surface facing the opening surface, and

a representative length d=4A/L is set to 0.007 m or more, wherein A as measured in meters squared is the minimum flow passage sectional area and L as measured in meters is the maximum wetted perimeter length of the flow passage section perpendicular to the circulation direction of the cooling fluid.

2. A cooling structure to cool a heat generating element by allowing a cooling fluid to flow and come into contact with the heat generating element or a base material with the heat generating element disposed thereon, comprising:

a vortex-flow generating portion, which extends in a direction intersecting a circulation direction of the cooling fluid, and which generates a vortex flow in accordance with a flow rate of the cooling fluid,

wherein the vortex-flow generating portion includes a plurality of concave portions arranged at predetermined intervals,

W⁺=Wu_τ

/ν

is set within a range of 25 to 300, where W⁺=Wu_τ

/ν

is a value given by nondimensionalizing an opening width W as measured in meters of each of the plurality of concave portions by using a shear rate of u_τ

=(T_ω

/ρ

)^1/2 as measured in meters per second calculated from a shear stress τ

_ω

as measured in Newtons per meter squared and a fluid density ρ

as measured in kilograms per meter;

an experimental formula of a pipe friction coefficient, represented by C_f=τ

_ω

/(0.5ρ

u²)=0.73 Re<sup>−

0.25</sup> calculated from a flow rate u as measured in meters per second, the fluid density ρ

, and the Reynolds number Re; and

a kinematic viscosity ν

as measured in meters squared per second,

wherein a maximum height H as measured in meters of each of the plurality of concave portions is set smaller than a distance X from an opening surface of each of the plurality of concave portions to a flow passage surface facing the opening surface, and

a representative length d=4A/L is set to 0.004 m or more, wherein A as measured in meters squared is the minimum flow passage sectional area and L as measured in meters is the maximum wetted perimeter length of the flow passage section perpendicular to the circulation direction of the cooling fluid.

3. The cooling structure according to claim 2, wherein

the maximum height H of each of the plurality of concave portions is also set larger than a thickness δ

_b as measured in meters of a laminar sublayer in the vicinity of a wall surface, calculated from a Reynolds number Re and a representative length d as fluidization conditions by the following formula;

δ

_b=63.5/(Re^7/8)×

d.

4. The cooling structure according to claim 2, wherein

dimensionless width W⁺ is set in a range from 40 to 150, wherein W⁺ is a value given by nondimesionalizing a width of each of the plurality of concave portions in the direction perpendicular to the circulation direction of the cooling fluid.

5. The cooling structure according to claim 2, wherein

adjacent concave portions are formed such that inner walls for partitioning the adjacent concave portions intersect each other.

6. The cooling structure according to claim 2, wherein

the plurality of convex portions of the vortex-flow generating portion are grooves formed on a flow contact surface, which comes in contact with flow of the cooling fluid for cooling the heat generating element or the base material with the heat generating element disposed thereon.

7. The cooling structure according to claim 2, wherein each of the plurality of concave portions has a semicircular sectional shape.

8. The cooling structure according to claim 2, wherein

a tip of each of the plurality of convex portions formed between the adjacent concave portions is formed in a curved surface with a certain curvature radius.

9. The cooling structure according to claim 8, wherein

the curvature radius of the tip of each of the plurality of convex portions is 0.2 mm or more.

10. The cooling structure according to claim 2, wherein the vortex-flow generating portion is molded on a vortex-flow forming plate made of copper or a copper alloy.

11. A vortex-flow forming plate molding apparatus for molding the vortex-flow generating portion according to claim 2 on a vortex-flow forming plate, comprising:

a vertically movable upper die to form the vortex-flow generating portion;

a fixed lower die;

a sleeve for pressing an outer peripheral edge of the vortex-flow forming plate disposed between the upper die and the lower die; and

a back-pressure applicator for applying a back pressure to between the sleeve and the lower die, wherein

the outer peripheral edge of the vortex-flow forming plate is pressed by the sleeve and the lower die, the back pressure being applied on the sleeve and the lower die, and

the vortex-flow generating portion is molded on the vortex-flow forming plate by the upper die and the lower die.

12. A method for molding a vortex-flow generating portion using the vortex-flow forming plate molding apparatus according to claim 11, wherein

the outer peripheral edge of the vortex-flow forming plate, disposed between the upper die and the lower die, is pressed by the sleeve and the lower die, the back pressure being applied on the sleeve and the lower die, and

the vortex-flow generating portion is molded on the vortex-flow forming plate by the upper die and the lower.