System, apparatus, and method for generating runway visual aids on an aircraft display unit

• US 9,245,450 B1
• Filed: 07/03/2008
• Issued: 01/26/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 07/03/2008
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Rockwell Collins, Inc. (Raytheon Technologies Corporation d/b/a RTX)
• Original Assignee: Rockwell Collins, Inc. (Raytheon Technologies Corporation d/b/a RTX)
• Inventors: Chiew, Daniel Y., Frank, David A., VanDerKamp, Travis S.
• Primary Examiner(s): Nguyen, John Q
• Assistant Examiner(s): Fei, Jordan S
• Application Number:
  US12/217,458
• Time in Patent Office: 2,763 Days
• Field of Search: 701 3- 10, 701/14, 701 16- 18, 340/963, 340/965, 340972-974, 340/980, 345/619, 345/629, 345/632, 345/634
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: G01C 23/005 Flight directors indicating arrangements specially adapted for rotary gyroscopes G01C19/32
• CPC Class Codes: G05D 1/0676 specially adapted for landing
• CPC Class Codes: G08G 5/0021 located in the aircraft
• CPC Class Codes: G08G 5/0047 Navigation or guidance aids for a single aircraft details of equipment G08G5/0017
• CPC Class Codes: G08G 5/025 Navigation or guidance aids radar or analogous systems specially adapted for landing purposes G01S13/913

Abstract

A present novel and non-trivial system, apparatus, and method for generating runway visual aids on an aircraft display unit. Visual aids could comprise of runway indicators corresponding to minimum and maximum rollout and touchdown points, each of which may be determined in real-time by applying input factors to one or more configurable landing profiles. Data representative of visual aids may be provided by one or more sources including runway data sources and real-time input factors. An image generating processor generates an image data set representative of a three-dimensional perspective view of a scene outside the aircraft, wherein the image data set is determined as a function of terrain data, runway data, and visual aid data. The image data set may be provided to a Head-Down Display unit, a Head-Up Display unit, or both, whereby an image contains a runway depicted with at least one visual aid.

Claims

1. A system for generating visual aids presentable on an aircraft display unit, such system comprising:

a source of navigation data;

a source of terrain data;

a source of runway data;

at least one source of input factor data;

an image generating processor configured to

receive navigation data representative of position and orientation of an aircraft,

receive terrain data and runway data based upon the navigation data,

receive input factor data representative of at least one input factor,

determine visual aid data based upon the runway data and the input factor data and representative of a plurality of visual aids including a touchdown zone indicator and at least one of a stop distance point indicator and a touchdown point indicator, where

the touchdown zone indicator is located off of and adjacent to a runway and includes a plurality of boundaries, where

a location of a first boundary is dependent upon a configurable threshold alert point located on the runway and beyond the beginning of the runway that is available for landing, and

a location of a second boundary is derived from an application of at least one input factor to a landing profile of the aircraft which determines a minimum rollout distance to a rollout alert point for the runway,

the stop distance point indicator indicates a rollout point on the runway where the aircraft is predicted to complete its rollout and stop, where

a location of the stop distance point indicator is derived from an application of at least one input factor to a landing profile of the aircraft, and

the touchdown point indicator indicates an estimated touchdown point where the aircraft is predicted to touchdown, where

a location of the touchdown point indicator is derived from an application of at least one input factor to a landing profile of the aircraft,

generate an image data set representative of the plurality of visual aids and a three-dimensional scene outside the aircraft, wherein

the image data set is determined as a function of

the terrain data,

the runway data, and

the visual aid data, and

provide the image data set to an aircraft display unit; and

the aircraft display unit configured to

receive the image data set, and

present an image represented in the image data set, whereby

the runway is depicted with the plurality of two visual aids represented in the visual aid data.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein

the plurality of visual aids includes runway markings derived from the application of the runway data, where

the runway markings conform to markings standards adopted by an aviation-governing authority.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein

the plurality of visual aids includes an extended runway centerline indicator derived from the application of the runway data and the navigation data, where

the extended runway centerline indicator indicates an extended runway centerline.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of visual aids includes at least one alert indicator.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein

the image generating processor is further configured to

generate visual alert data representative of at least one visual alert, wherein the visual alert data is generated if

a landing distance derived from the application of at least one input factor to a landing profile of the aircraft is equal to or greater than an alert distance corresponding to the rollout alert point for the runway, and

include the visual alert data in the generation of the image data set.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein

the image generating processor is further configured to

generate visual alert data representative of at least one visual alert, wherein the visual alert data is generated if

an air distance derived from the application of at least one input factor to a landing profile of the aircraft is equal to or less than an alert distance corresponding to the configurable threshold alert point, and

include the visual alert data in the generation of the image data set.

7. The system of claim 1, further comprising:

a crew alerting system is configured to

receive alert data representative of at least one alert from the image generating processor further configured to

generate the alert data representative of at least one alert, wherein the alert data is generated if

a landing distance derived from the application of at least one input factor to a landing profile of the aircraft is equal to or greater than an alert distance corresponding to the rollout alert point for the runway, or

an air distance derived from the application of at least one input factor to a landing profile of the aircraft is equal to or less than an alert distance corresponding to the configurable threshold alert point, and

provide the alert data to the crew alerting system.

8. An apparatus for generating visual aids presentable on an aircraft display unit, such apparatus comprising:

an input communications interface to facilitate a receiving of data from at least one data source by an image generating processor;

the image generating processor configured to

receive navigation data representative of position and orientation of an aircraft,

receive terrain data and runway data based upon the navigation data,

receive input factor data representative of at least one input factor,

determine visual aid data based upon the runway data and the input factor data and representative of a plurality of visual aids including a touchdown zone indicator and at least one of a stop distance point indicator and a touchdown point indicator, where

the touchdown zone indicator is located off of and adjacent to a runway and includes a plurality of boundaries, where

a location of a first boundary is dependent upon a configurable threshold alert point located on the runway and beyond the beginning of the runway that is available for landing, and

a location of a second boundary is derived from an application of at least one input factor to a landing profile of the aircraft which determines a minimum rollout distance to a rollout alert point for the runway,

the stop distance point indicator indicates a rollout point on the runway where the aircraft is predicted to complete its rollout and stop, where

a location of the stop distance point indicator is derived from an application of at least one input factor to a landing profile of the aircraft, and

the touchdown point indicator indicates an estimated touchdown point where the aircraft is predicted to touchdown, where

a location of the touchdown point indicator is derived from an application of at least one input factor to a landing profile of the aircraft,

generate an image data set representative of the plurality of visual aids and a three-dimensional scene outside the aircraft, wherein

the image data set is determined as a function of

the terrain data,

the runway data, and

the visual aid data, and

provide the image data set to an output communications interface; and

the output communications interface configured to facilitate a providing of the image data set to an aircraft display unit.

9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein

the plurality of visual aids includes runway markings derived from the application of the runway data, where

the runway markings conform to markings standards adopted by an aviation-governing authority.

10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein

the plurality of visual aids includes an extended runway centerline indicator derived from the application of the runway data and the navigation data, where

the extended runway centerline indicator indicates an extended runway centerline.

11. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the plurality of visual aids includes at least one alert indicator.

12. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein

the image generating processor is further configured to

generate visual alert data representative of at least one visual alert, wherein the visual alert data is generated if

a landing distance derived from the application of at least one input factor to a landing profile of the aircraft is equal to or greater than an alert distance corresponding to the rollout alert point for the runway, and

include the visual alert data in the generation of the image data set.

13. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein

the image generating processor is further configured to

generate visual alert data representative of at least one visual alert, wherein the visual alert data is generated if

an air distance derived from the application of at least one input factor to a landing profile of the aircraft is equal to or less than an alert distance corresponding to the configurable threshold alert point, and

include the visual alert data in the generation of the image data set.

14. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein

the image generating processor further configured to

generate alert data representative of at least one alert, wherein the alert data is generated if

a landing distance derived from the application of at least one input factor to a landing profile of the aircraft is equal to or greater than an alert distance corresponding to the rollout alert point for the runway, or

an air distance derived from the application of at least one input factor to a landing profile of the aircraft is equal to or less than an alert distance corresponding to the configurable threshold alert point, and

provide the alert data to the output communications interface;

and

the output communications interface is further configured to facilitate the providing of the alert data to a crew alerting system.

15. A method for generating visual aids presentable on an aircraft display unit, such method is performed by an aircraft avionics system processor, such method comprising:

receiving navigation data representative of position and orientation of an aircraft from an aircraft navigation data source;

receiving terrain data and runway data from an aircraft terrain data source and an aircraft runway data source, respectively, based upon the navigation data;

receiving input factor data representative of at least one input factor from at least one input factor source;

determining visual aid data based upon the runway data and the input factor data and representative of a plurality of visual aids including a touchdown zone indicator and at least one of a stop distance point indicator and a touchdown point indicator, where

the touchdown zone indicator is located off of and adjacent to a runway and includes a plurality of boundaries, where

a location of a first boundary is dependent upon a configurable threshold alert point located on the runway and beyond the beginning of the runway that is available for landing, and

a location of a second boundary is derived from an application of at least one input factor to a landing profile of the aircraft which determines a minimum rollout distance to a rollout alert point for the runway,

the stop distance point indicator indicates a rollout point on the runway where the aircraft is predicted to complete its rollout and stop, where

a location of the stop distance point indicator is derived from an application of at least one input factor to a landing profile of the aircraft, and

the touchdown point indicator indicates an estimated touchdown point where the aircraft is predicted to touchdown, where

a location of the touchdown point indicator is derived from an application of at least one input factor to a landing profile of the aircraft;

generating an image data set representative of the plurality of visual aids and a three-dimensional scene outside the aircraft, wherein

the image data set is determined as a function of

the terrain data,

the runway data, and

the visual aid data; and

providing the image data set to an aircraft display unit.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein

the plurality of visual aids includes runway markings derived from the application of the runway data, where

the runway markings correspond to markings standards adopted by an aviation-governing authority.

17. The method of claim 15, wherein

the plurality of visual aids includes runway markings derived from the application of the runway data, where

the extended runway centerline indicator indicates an extended runway centerline.

18. The method of claim 15, wherein the plurality of visual aids includes at least one alert indicator.

19. The method of claim 15, further comprising:

generating visual alert data representative of at least one visual alert, wherein the visual alert data is generated if

a landing distance derived from the application of at least one input factor to a landing profile of the aircraft is equal to or greater than an alert distance corresponding to the rollout alert point for the runway; and

including the visual alert data in the generation of the image data set.

20. The method of claim 15, further comprising:

generating visual alert data representative of at least one visual alert, wherein the visual alert data is generated if

an air distance derived from the application of at least one input factor to a landing profile of the aircraft is equal to or less than an alert distance corresponding to the configurable threshold alert point; and

including the visual alert data in the generation of the image data set.

21. The method of claim 15, further comprising:

generating alert data representative of at least one alert, wherein the alert data is generated if

a landing distance derived from the application of at least one input factor to a landing profile of the aircraft is equal to or greater than an alert distance corresponding to the rollout alert point for the runway, or

an air distance derived from the application of at least one input factor to a landing profile of the aircraft is equal to or less than an alert distance corresponding to the configurable threshold alert point; and

providing the alert data to a crew alerting system.