Receiver used in marker localization sensing system and tunable to marker frequency

• US 9,248,003 B2
• Filed: 12/31/2003
• Issued: 02/02/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 12/30/2002
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Varian Medical Systems Incorporated (Siemens AG)
• Original Assignee: Varian Medical Systems Incorporated (Siemens AG)
• Inventors: Wright, J. Nelson, Newell, Laurence J., Vertatschitsch, Edward J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Le, Long V
• Assistant Examiner(s): Weatherby, Ellsworth
• Application Number:
  US10/750,165
• Publication Number:
  US 20050151649A1
• Time in Patent Office: 4,416 Days
• Field of Search: 600/407, 600/420, 600/317, 600/431, 600/414, 600/473, 600/424, 128/899, 340/539.12, 340/572.1, 340/572.2, 340/572.3, 340/572.4, 340/572.5, 340/572.6, 340/572.7, 340/572.8, 333/55.R, 337/00, 324/200, 324/345
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2017/00411 actuated by application of energy from an energy source outside the body
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2034/2051 Electromagnetic tracking systems
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2090/3975 active
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 34/20 Surgical navigation systems; Devices for tracking or guiding surgical instruments, e.g. for frameless stereotaxis
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 90/39 Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/2414 using inductive tags

Abstract

A receiver for determining the location of a marker that is excited with an exciting waveform. A sensing array having coils is used to sense magnetic flux from the resonating marker. The coils provide inputs to the receiver. The receiver includes a correlation processor for analyzing the inputs in a coherent manner. Further, the receiver is adapted to tune to the resonant frequency of a marker.

Claims

1. A method of locating a marker associated with a patient, said marker having a marker resonant frequency, the method comprising:

(a) implanting said marker in the patient;

(b) applying an excitation at a frequency selected from a set of frequencies to said marker using an excitation source;

(c) receiving a set of plurality of inputs indicative of a magnetic flux sensed over an observation interval and induced by said marker in response to said excitation at said one of a set of frequencies;

(d) automatically adjusting the observation interval based at least in part on the set of plurality of inputs;

(e) iteratively repeating steps (b)-(c) for all of the frequencies in said set of frequencies;

(f) identifying said marker resonant frequency based upon the multiple sets of plurality of inputs;

(g) adjusting said excitation source to provide further excitation at said marker resonant frequency;

(h) receiving a resonance set of plurality of inputs indicative of a sensed magnetic flux induced by said marker in response to said excitation at said marker resonant frequency; and

(i) analyzing said resonance set of plurality of inputs to determine said location of said marker, wherein analyzing said resonance set of plurality of inputs to determine said location of said marker includes comparing said resonance set of inputs to reference measurements corresponding to known locations within a bounding volume.

2. The method of claim 1 further including initiating multiple excitations at said marker resonant frequency and averaging said resonance set of plurality of inputs over said multiple excitations.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein said set of frequencies has frequencies that are spaced apart.

4. The method of claim 3 wherein the frequencies are uniformly spaced apart.

5. The method of claim 3 wherein said set of frequencies has frequencies that span a marker resonant frequency range.

10. The method of claim 1 wherein automatically adjusting the observation interval further includes automatically adjusting the observation window based at least in part on an energy efficiency of the excitation applied at step (b).

11. The method of claim 1 wherein applying an excitation at a frequency selected from a set of frequencies includes applying a constant energy continuous wave signal.

12. The method of claim 1 wherein automatically adjusting the observation interval further includes automatically adjusting the observation window based at least in part on a maximum available energy efficiency, η

, as follows;

η

=[1−

e<sup>−

σ

b τ

e</sup> ]² [1 −

e<sup>−

2σ

b τ

0</sup> ]/2σ

_bτ

<sub>0 −

σ

b</sub>=−

2π

ζ

f_b

wherein ζ

=damping factor, f_b =resonant frequency, τ

_e =excitation interval duration, and τ

₀ =observation interval duration.

13. The method of claim 1 wherein applying an excitation at a frequency selected from a set of frequencies includes applying a constant amplitude continuous wave signal.

14. The method of claim 1 wherein automatically adjusting the observation interval further includes automatically adjusting the observation window based at least in part on a maximum available energy efficiency, η

, as follows;

η

=[1−

e<sup>−

σ

bτ

e</sup>]²[1 −

e<sup>−

2σ

bτ

0</sup> ]/2σ

<sub>b(τ

e+τ

0)</sub>−

σ

_b=−

2π

ζ

f_b

wherein ζ

=damping factor, f_b =resonant frequency, τ

_e =excitation interval duration, and τ

₀ =observation interval duration.

15. The method of claim 1 wherein:

receiving the set of plurality of inputs indicative of the magnetic flux includes receiving the set of plurality of inputs with a receiver; and

automatically adjusting the observation interval includes adjusting the observation interval with a ring time control processor of the receiver.

6. A method of determining a marker resonant frequency of a marker associated with a patient, the method comprising:

(a) implanting said marker within the patient;

(b) applying an excitation at a frequency selected from a set of frequencies to said marker using an excitation source;

(c) receiving a set of plurality of inputs indicative of a magnetic flux sensed over an observation interval and induced by said marker in response to said excitation at said one of a set of frequencies;

(d) automatically adjusting the observation interval based on the set of plurality of inputs;

(e) repeating steps (b)-(c) for all of the frequencies in said first set of frequencies;

(f) identifying a frequency band that contains said marker resonant frequency;

(g) formulating a second set of frequencies within said frequency band and repeating steps (b)-(c) for all of the frequencies in said second set of frequencies; and

(h) identifying said marker resonant frequency based on the response from step (e), wherein identifying said marker resonant frequency includes

estimating a phase shift that is common to each of the plurality of inputs; and

removing the phase shift from each of the plurality of inputs.

7. The method of claim 6 wherein said set of frequencies has frequencies that span a marker resonant frequency range.

8. The method of claim 6, further comprising receiving a resonance set of plurality of inputs indicative of a sensed magnetic flux induced by said marker in response to said excitation at the identified marker resonant frequency.

9. The method of claim 8, further comprising analyzing said resonance set of plurality of inputs to determine said location of said marker, wherein analyzing said resonance set of plurality of inputs to determine said location of said marker includes comparing said resonance set of inputs to reference measurements corresponding to known locations within a bounding volume.