Vehicle-to-vehicle safety transceiver using time slots

• US 9,253,753 B2
• Filed: 03/28/2013
• Issued: 02/02/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 04/24/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Zetta Research and Development LLC - FORC Series, Zetta Research and Development LLC (Zetta Research, LLC)
• Original Assignee: Zetta Research and Development LLC - FORC Series
• Inventors: Rubin, Kim T, Betts-Lacroix, Jonathon
• Primary Examiner(s): Nguyen, Hanh N
• Application Number:
  US13/852,153
• Publication Number:
  US 20130279392A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,041 Days
• Field of Search: 370/337, 370/329, 370/350, 370/445, 370/312, 370/347, 370/328, 370352-356, 370389-391, 370/395.42, 370/395.21, 713/168, 340/903, 340/436, 340/901, 340/902
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: G08G 1/052 with provision for determining speed or overspeed speed measuring in general G01P
• CPC Class Codes: G08G 1/096791 where the origin of the information is another vehicle
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/12 specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 4/026 using orientation information, e.g. compass
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 4/027 using movement velocity, acceleration information
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 4/12 Messaging; Mailboxes; Announcements
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 4/40 for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P]
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 4/46 for vehicle-to-vehicle communication [V2V]
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 52/04 TPC
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 72/20 Control channels or signalling for resource management
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 72/30 Resource management for broadcast services
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 76/14 Direct-mode setup
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 76/40 for selective distribution or broadcast

Abstract

A transceiver in a vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication and safety system that regularly broadcasts safety messages, comprising location, heading and speed, of a subject vehicle, that are free of MAC and IP addresses. The V2V system uses the location of the subject vehicle for vehicle identification, in place of a pre-assigned vehicle ID. Some embodiments broadcast safety message in self-assigned time slots in a synchronized TDMA broadcast architecture, with unusually short inter-message gaps and unusually short messages. The TDMA frame is partitioned into three prioritized time interval classes with differing priorities and dynamically changing sizes based on demand of higher-priority messages. Time slot selection uses weighted algorithms. Selected time slots are held until either a message collision or a timeout occurs. A transceiver equipped vehicle may proxy a different subject vehicle. Embodiments include optimized traffic flow and signal timing.

Claims

1. A device of manufacture for use in a vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication system comprising:

a V2V transceiver adapted to operate in a transmitting vehicle;

wherein the V2V transceiver is adapted to accept as input a subject vehicle position and a subject vehicle heading;

wherein the V2V transceiver is adapted to broadcast a V2V safety message comprising (i) the subject vehicle position;

(ii) the subject vehicle heading;

(iii) a subject vehicle speed;

a basic time interval of a fixed, predetermined duration, wherein the basic time interval repeats continuously;

wherein the basic time interval comprises an integer n time slots of predetermined duration, sequentially enumerated from 1 to n, and contiguous;

wherein the V2V transceiver is adapted to receive messages from another V2V transceiver wherein the V2V transceiver and the other V2V transceiver use the same basic time interval, comprising the same n time slots, and wherein all basic time intervals are time synchronized;

wherein the V2V transceiver selects a selected time slot from the n time slots;

wherein the V2V transceiver continues to transmit in the selected time slot, until either (i) a message collision in the selected time slot occurs, or (ii) a re-evaluation time interval expires, thereupon selecting a new time slot.

2. The device of claim 1 wherein:

at least one of the V2V safety messages is transmitted within the time interval of one time slot.

3. The device of claim 1 wherein:

the V2V safety message, as transmitted, is encoded by an encoding method that is at least partially responsive to the quantity of data in the safety message such that the safety message, as encoded, may be transmitted within one time slot.

4. The device of claim 1 wherein:

the selection of a selected time slot is responsive to a random number and wherein the selection of a time slot preferentially selects time slots in a first time slot range over a second time slot range.

5. The device of claim 1 further comprising:

a predetermined time slot number t0;

a time slot selection algorithm;

wherein the time slot selection algorithm has a higher probability of selecting a time slot number a than a time slot number t2, wherein the absolute value of (t1 minus t0) is less than the absolute value of (t2 minus t0); and

t0, t1, and t2 are integers in the inclusive range of 1 to n.

6. The device of claim 5 wherein:

the time slot selection algorithm comprises a probability curve that monotically decreases from the absolute value of (t1 minus t0) to the absolute value of (t2 minus t0).

7. The device of claim 1 further comprising:

a time slot selection algorithm;

the time slot selection algorithm is responsive to the number of transmitting vehicles within communication range of the transmitting vehicle.

8. The device of claim 1 further comprising:

a time slot selection algorithm;

the time slot selection algorithm is responsive to the number of time slots in use.

9. The device of claim 1 further comprising:

a plurality of message classes;

wherein the basic time interval is further subdivided into class time regions wherein each class time region corresponds with one message class;

wherein each safety message is a member of only one of the message classes;

wherein each safety message is broadcast in the class time region corresponding to its message class;

a time slot selection algorithm for each of at least two message classes;

wherein at least one of the time slot selection algorithms is responsive to the number of time slots in use in the message class of that time slot selection algorithm.

10. The device of claim 1 wherein:

the re-evaluation time interval is at least 300 times the length of the basic time interval.

11. The device of claim 1 wherein:

the re-evaluation time interval is at least 600 times the length of the basic time interval.

12. The device of claim 1 wherein:

the re-evaluation time interval is responsive to current collision risk, or to the number of time slots in use in an interval class, or both.

13. The device of claim 1 wherein:

the subject vehicle position describes the position of intersection of the axial centerline of the vehicle with a perpendicular line touching the front-most portion of the subject vehicle.

14. The device of claim 1 wherein:

the subject vehicle position within a broadcast V2V safety message indicates a vehicle position that is the position of the subject vehicle as of the end of the basic time interval in which the V2V safety message is broadcast.