Device, system, and method for communicating with a power inverter using power line communications

• US 9,276,635 B2
• Filed: 06/29/2012
• Issued: 03/01/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 06/29/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Enphase Energy Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Sunpower Corporation (Totalenergies Se)
• Inventors: Rothblum, Philip, Kuhn, Brian T., Ehlmann, Jonathan, Chapman, Patrick L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Brown, Vernal
• Application Number:
  US13/538,723
• Publication Number:
  US 20140003110A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,341 Days
• Field of Search: 340/12.23, 340/3.1, 340/451.1, 340/635, 307/84
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 13/00007 using the power network as support for the transmission
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2300/24 of photovoltaic origin
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2300/30 The power source being a fuel cell
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/381 Dispersed generators
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 3/54 Systems for transmission via power distribution lines
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 3/544 Setting up communications; Call and signalling arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/56 Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 40/70 Smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the energy generation sector
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/00 Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 10/12 Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 10/123 the energy generation units being or involving renewable energy sources
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 40/121 using the power network as support for the transmission

Abstract

A device, system, and method for communicating with a power inverter of an array of inverters includes transmitting a relay message from an inverter array controller to a relay inverter in response to failing to receive a response from at least one power inverter of the array. The relay inverter is configured to retransmit a message from the inverter array controller to a non-responsive power inverter of the array of inverters in response to receiving the relay message. The relay inverter may subsequently retransmit a reply received from the non-responsive power inverter to the inverter array controller or to another power inverter of the array of inverters.

Claims

1. An inverter array controller for maintaining and communicating with an array of power inverters, each power inverter being configured to convert direct current (DC) power generated by an alternative energy source to alternating current (AC) power, the inverter array controller comprising:

a power line communication circuitry to communicate with the array of power inverters over a power line connecting the inverter array controller to each of the power inverters of the array of power inverters;

a processing circuitry; and

a memory device having stored therein a plurality of instructions, which when executed by the processing circuitry, result in the inverter array controller;

transmitting, using the power line communication circuitry, a first message to a first power inverter of the array of power inverters;

determining whether a response was received from the first power inverter;

transmitting, by the power line circuitry and in response to failing to receive the response from the first power inverter, a relay message to a second power inverter of the array of power inverters, the relay message including the first message and instructing the second inverter to transmit the first message to the first power inverter; and

receiving, with the power line circuitry and from the second power inverter, a response message transmitted to the second power inverter from the first power inverter, wherein the response message is indicative of a response of the first power inverter to the first message.

2. The inverter array controller of claim 1, wherein the first message is a broadcast message to each power inverter of the array of power inverters that requests each power inverter to respond to the broadcast message.

3. The inverter array controller of claim 1, wherein the plurality of instructions further result in the inverter array controller selecting the second power inverter to receive the relay message from the array of power inverters.

4. The inverter array controller of claim 3, wherein selecting the second power inverter comprises selecting the second power inverter from the array of power inverters based on a signal characteristic of a communication received from the second power inverter.

5. The inverter array controller of claim 4, wherein selecting the second power inverter comprises:

requesting a test communication from each power inverter of the array of power inverters;

recording a signal characteristic for each communication received in response to the test communication; and

selecting the second power inverter from the array of power inverters based on signal characteristic of the communication received from the second power inverter in response to the test communication.

6. The inverter array controller of claim 3, wherein selecting the second power inverter comprises:

identifying the first power inverter that did not respond to the first message; and

selecting the second power inverter based on the identity of the first power inverter.

7. The inverter array controller of claim 6, wherein identifying the first power inverter comprises identifying the location of the first power inverter, relative to the other power inverters, within the array of power inverters.

8. The inverter array controller of claim 1, wherein transmitting the relay message comprises:

transmitting a first relay message to the second power inverter that instructs the second power inverter to echo the next received message; and

transmitting a second relay message, including the first message, to the second power inverter.

22. The inverter array controller of claim 1, wherein failure to receive the response from the first power inverter is indicative of a communication null.

9. A power inverter of an array of power inverters, each power inverter being configured to convert direct current (DC) power generated by an alternative energy source to alternating current (AC) power, the power inverter comprising:

a power line communication circuit to communicate with an inverter array controller over a power line connecting the power inverter to the inverter array controller and other power inverters of the array of power inverters;

an inverter circuit to convert the DC power to the AC power; and

an inverter controller to control operation of the inverter circuit, the inverter controller to;

receive a message from the inverter array controller using the power line communication circuit;

determine whether the message is a relay message,

retransmit, by the power line communication circuit and in response to determining the message is a relay message, the relay message to a non-responsive power inverter of the array of power inverters that has not responded to a previous communication from the inverter array controller;

receiving, with the power line communication circuit and in response to retransmitting the relay message, a response from the non-responsive power inverter; and

transmit the response, using the power line communication circuit, to the inverter array controller.

10. The power inverter of claim 9, wherein to determine whether the message received from the inverter array controller is a relay message comprises to determine whether the message instructs the power inverter to transmit a message to the non-responsive power inverter.

11. The power inverter of claim 9, wherein to retransmit the relay message comprises to identify the non-responsive power inverter as a function of the relay message.

12. The power inverter of claim 11, wherein to retransmit the relay message comprises to:

extract a first message from the relay message, the first message having been previously sent by the inverter array controller; and

transmit the first message to the non-responsive power inverter.

13. The power inverter of claim 9, wherein the relay message is a second relay message, and the inverter controller is further to:

receive a first relay message from the inverter array controller that instructs the power inverter to echo the next received message from the inverter array controller; and

receive the second relay message from the inverter array controller,

wherein to retransmit the relay message comprises to retransmit, in response to receiving the first and second relay messages, the second relay message to the non-responsive power inverter of the array of power inverter.

14. A method for communicating with an array of power inverters, each power inverter being configured to convert direct current (DC) power generated by an alternative energy source to alternating current (AC) power, the method comprising:

transmitting, by a power line communication circuitry, a first message to a power inverter of the array of power inverters;

transmitting, by the power line communication circuitry and in response to failing to receive a response from the power inverter, a relay message to another power inverter of the array of power inverters, the relay message including the first message and instructing the another inverter to transmit the first message to the power inverter; and

receiving, with the power line circuitry and from the another power inverter, a response message transmitted to the another power inverter from the power inverter, wherein the response message is indicative of a response of the power inverter to the first message.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein transmitting the first message comprises transmitting a broadcast message to each power inverter of the array of power inverters that requests each power inverter to respond to the broadcast message.

16. The method of claim 14, further comprising selecting the another power inverter to receive the relay message from the array of power inverters.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein selecting the another power inverter comprises selecting the another power inverter from the array of power inverters based on a signal characteristic of a communication received from the another power inverter.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein selecting the another power inverter comprises:

requesting a test communication from each power inverter of the array of power inverters;

recording a signal characteristic for each communication received in response to the test communication; and

selecting the another power inverter from the array of power inverters based on signal characteristic of the communication received from the another power inverter in response to the test communication.

19. The method of claim 16, wherein selecting the another power inverter comprises:

identifying the power inverter that did not respond to the first message; and

selecting the another power inverter based on the identity of the power inverter.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein identifying the power inverter comprises identifying the location of the power inverter, relative to the other power inverters, within the array of power inverters.

21. The method of claim 14, wherein transmitting the relay message comprises:

transmitting a first relay message to the another power inverter that instructs the another power inverter to echo the next received message; and

transmitting a second relay message, including the first message, to the another power inverter.

23. A method for handling communications in an array of power inverters, the method comprising:

determining, on a power inverter, whether a message received from an inverter array controller is a relay message;

retransmitting, by a power line communication circuitry of the power inverter and in response to determining the message is a relay message, the relay message to a non-responsive power inverter of the array of power inverters that has not responded to a previous communication from the inverter array controller;

receiving, with the power line communication circuitry and in response to retransmitting the relay message, a response from the non-responsive power inverter; and

transmitting the response, by the power line communication circuitry, to the inverter array controller.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein determining whether the message received from the inverter array controller is a relay message comprises determining whether the message instructs the power inverter to transmit a message to the non-responsive power inverter.

25. The method of claim 23, wherein retransmitting the relay message comprises identifying the non-responsive power inverter as a function of the relay message.

26. The method of claim 25, wherein retransmitting the relay message comprises:

extracting a first message from the relay message, the first message having been previously sent by the inverter array controller; and

transmitting the first message to the non-responsive power inverter.

27. The method of claim 23, wherein the relay message is a second relay message, and further comprising:

receiving, on the power inverter, a first relay message from the inverter array controller that instructs the power inverter to echo the next received message from the inverter array controller; and

receiving the second relay message from the inverter array controller,

wherein retransmitting the relay message comprises retransmitting, in response to receiving the first and second relay messages, the second relay message to the non-responsive power inverter of the array of power inverter.