Drive train for a hybrid electric vehicle and a method of operating such a drive train

• US 9,278,694 B2
• Filed: 04/25/2012
• Issued: 03/08/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 04/28/2011
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Imperial White City Incubator Limited
• Original Assignee: Imperial Innovations Limited (Imperial College London)
• Inventors: Plant, Daniel, Offer, Gregory, Silversides, Richard William
• Primary Examiner(s): Waks, Joseph
• Application Number:
  US14/114,441
• Publication Number:
  US 20140312619A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,413 Days
• Field of Search: 180/65.21
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/42 related to electric machines
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/44 related to combustion engines
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/622 by satellite navigation
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2250/26 by pedal actuation
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/15 with additional electric power supply with capacitors charged by engine-driven generators B60L50/40; with batteries charged by engine-driven generators B60L50/61
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/16 with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/61 by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/06 including control of combustion engines
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/08 including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 20/15 Control strategies specially adapted for achieving a particular effect
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2510/244 Charge state
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 30/182 Selecting between different operative modes, e.g. comfort and performance modes
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2310/48 for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/1415 with a generator driven by a prime mover other than the motor of a vehicle
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/62 Hybrid vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/64 Electric machine technologies in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/72 Electric energy management in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/16 Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles

Abstract

A method of operating a drive train for a hybrid electric vehicle, and a drive train, is disclosed. The drive train includes an internal combustion engine, a first electrical machine and electrical energy storage. The engine is coupled to drive the first electrical machine as a generator and the first electrical machine connected to supply electrical energy to the electrical energy storage. The electrical energy storage is arranged for supplying electrical energy to at least a second electrical machine for driving wheels of a hybrid electric vehicle. The method includes sensing a parameter indicating the voltage across the electrical energy storage and, in response to this sensed parameter, controlling the internal combustion engine and/or the first electrical machine such that the first electrical machine gives rise to a voltage output of the first electrical machine such that the electrical energy storage is charged without the need for power electronics.

Claims

1. A method of operating a drive train for a hybrid electric vehicle, the drive train comprising an internal combustion engine, a first electrical machine and electrical energy store, the internal combustion engine coupled to drive the first electrical machine as a generator and the first electrical machine connected to supply electrical energy to the electrical energy store, the electrical energy store arranged for supplying electrical energy to at least a second electrical machine for driving wheels of the hybrid electric vehicle, the method comprising the steps of sensing a parameter indicative of the voltage across the electrical energy store and, in response to this sensed parameter, controlling the internal combustion engine such that the first electrical machine operates at a speed that gives rise to a voltage output of the first electrical machine such that the electrical energy store is charged without the need for power electronics.

2. A method according to claim 1, wherein, the step of controlling the internal combustion engine comprises controlling the power output of the internal combustion engine.

3. A method according to claim 1 wherein controlling the first electrical machine comprises controlling a field current of the first electrical machine.

4. A method according to claim 1, wherein the step of controlling the internal combustion engine and/or the first electrical machine is preceded by the step of identifying a target voltage of the electrical energy store.

5. A method according to claim 4, wherein the step of identifying a target voltage is followed by the step of determining the speed of the electrical machine and/or the internal combustion engine that gives rise to a voltage output from the first electrical machine that causes the electrical energy store to be charged to the target voltage.

6. A method according to claim 5, wherein the step of controlling the internal combustion engine comprises the step of determining the power output of the engine that gives rise to the determined speed of the engine and/or electrical machine.

7. A method according to claim 4, wherein the step of sensing a parameter indicative of the voltage across the electrical energy store comprises sensing the voltage of the electrical energy store and in response to that voltage falling below the target voltage, the step of controlling the internal combustion engine comprises increasing the power output of the internal combustion engine to a higher level that causes the first electrical machine to rotate with a speed and hence generate with a voltage that charges the electrical energy store substantially to the target voltage.

8. A method according to claim 7 and additionally comprising controlling the field current of the first electrical machine in a corresponding way to the control of the internal combustion engine such that the first electrical machine generates with a voltage that charges or discharges (as the case may be) the electrical energy store substantially to the target voltage.

9. A method according to claim 7, and further comprising additionally sensing the speed of the first electrical machine and/or the internal combustion engine and, based on this/these and also on the present power output of the internal combustion engine, identifying the higher or lower level of power output as the case may be.

10. A method according to claim 9, wherein the identifying comprises consulting stored information indicative of the relationship between voltage and speed of the first electrical machine, and the relationship between power and speed of the internal combustion engine.

11. A method according to claim 4, wherein the step of sensing a parameter indicative of the voltage across the electrical energy store comprises sensing the voltage of the electrical energy store and in response to that voltage rising above the target voltage, the step of controlling the internal combustion engine comprises decreasing the power output of the internal combustion engine to a lower level that causes the first electrical machine to rotate with a speed and hence generate with a voltage that discharges the electrical energy store substantially to the target voltage.

12. A method according to claim 4, wherein there are a plurality of target voltages, and optionally wherein there is a lower target voltage below which power output of the engine is increased and an upper target voltage above which power output of the engine is decreased.

13. A method according to claim 4, wherein the each target voltage is selectable by a driver.

14. A method according to claim 13, wherein the method includes receiving a mode input indicative of a target voltage selected by a driver, and wherein the mode input is indicative of a sport-mode that corresponds to a higher target voltage;

or wherein the mode input is indicative of an economy-mode that corresponds to a lower target voltage.

15. A method according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises receiving a driver input provided by a driver indicative of vehicle speed and/or power output desired by the driver.

16. A method according to claim 15, wherein the method comprises increasing the power output of the engine in response to the driver input indicating an increase in vehicle speed and/or power output desired by the driver;

and/or wherein the method comprises decreasing the power output of the engine in response to the driver input indicating a decrease in vehicle speed and/or power output desired by the driver.

17. A method according to claim 16, wherein the method comprises varying the power output of the engine in response to the input provided by the driver and then varying the power output of the engine in response to the sensed voltage of the electrical energy store.

18. A method according to claim 1 and comprising receiving a conditions input indicative of road conditions that are or will be encountered by the vehicle and controlling the power output of the engine in response to that input.

19. A method according to claim 18 and further comprising varying the power output of the engine and/or the or each target voltage of the electrical energy store in response to the conditions input.

20. A method according to claim 18, wherein receiving the conditions input comprising receiving an input from a vehicle navigation system containing information indicative of road conditions.

21. A drive train for a hybrid electric vehicle, the drive train comprising an internal combustion engine, a first electrical machine and electrical energy store, the internal combustion engine coupled to drive the first electrical machine and the first electrical machine connected to supply electrical energy to the electrical energy store, the electrical energy store arranged for supplying electrical energy to at least a second electrical machine for driving wheels of a hybrid electric vehicle, the drive train further comprising a controller arranged to sense a parameter indicative of the voltage across the electrical energy store and, in response to the sensed parameter, control the internal combustion engine such that the first electrical machine operates at a speed that gives rise to a voltage output of the first electrical machine such that the electrical energy store is charged without the need for power electronics.

22. A hybrid electric vehicle comprising a drive train according to claim 21.