Dialysis system and method for cassette-based pumping and valving

• US 9,283,312 B2
• Filed: 01/10/2011
• Issued: 03/15/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 07/19/2002
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Baxter Healthcare SA (Baxter International Inc.), Baxter International Inc.
• Original Assignee: Baxter Healthcare SA (Baxter International Inc.), Baxter International Inc.
• Inventors: Childers, Robert W., Avoy, Richard, Booras, John, Bowman, Joseph H. Jr., Grippo, Paul, Hopping, Andrew D., Howard, David, Jerrell, Jeffrey W., Kellam, Benjamin, Lauman, Brian, Shang, Sherwin, Vescovi, David, Yang, Tahua, Yu, Alex
• Primary Examiner(s): Bosworth, Kami A
• Application Number:
  US12/987,738
• Publication Number:
  US 20110106003A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,891 Days
• Field of Search: 604/5.01, 604/6.11, 604/29, 604/31, 604/131, 604/151, 604/152, 417/477.2, 210/252, 210/258, 210/646
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/1522 the interface being evacuated interfaces to enhance contact
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/154 with sensing means or components thereof
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/155 with treatment-fluid pumping means or components thereof
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/1561 at least one cassette surface or portion thereof being flexible, e.g. the cassette having a rigid base portion with preformed channels and being covered with a foil
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/1562 Details of incorporated reservoirs
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/1565 Details of valves
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/16 with membranes
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/1696 with dialysate regeneration
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/28 Peritoneal dialysis ; Other peritoneal treatment, e.g. oxygenation
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/281 Instillation other than by gravity
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/284 Continuous flow peritoneal dialysis [CFPD]
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/122 using evacuated interfaces to enhance contact

Abstract

A peritoneal dialysis system includes a disposable cassette including a flexible sheet; a hardware unit including (i) at least one pump actuator and piston head moved by the pump actuator, (ii) at least one valve actuator, (iii) at least one sensor, and (iv) a disposable cassette interface for interfacing with the disposable cassette, the disposable cassette interface including: (a) at least one pump aperture, the at least one piston head moveable out of and retractable into the at least one pump aperture to move a corresponding pumping portion of the flexible sheet of the disposable cassette, the piston head moving within a vacuum chamber, the vacuum chamber enabling a vacuum to be pulled around the piston head to the flexible sheet of the disposable cassette; (b) at least one valve aperture, at least a portion of the at least one valve actuator located in the valve aperture to move a valve portion of the flexible sheet of the disposable cassette; and (c) at least one sensor aperture, the at least one sensor located in the at least one sensor aperture, the at least one sensor operable with a sensor portion of the flexible sheet of the disposable cassette.

Claims

1. A peritoneal dialysis system comprising:

a disposable cassette including a flexible sheet defining a pumping portion of a pump chamber;

a hardware unit including (i) at least one pump actuator and piston head moved by the pump actuator, (ii) at least one valve actuator, (iii) at least one sensor, and (iv) a disposable cassette interface for interfacing with the disposable cassette, the disposable cassette interface including;

(a) at least one pump aperture, the at least one piston head moveable out of and retractable into the at least one pump aperture to move the pumping portion of the flexible sheet of the disposable cassette, the piston head moving within a vacuum chamber, the vacuum chamber enabling a vacuum to be pulled around the piston head to the flexible sheet of the disposable cassette;

(b) at least one valve aperture, at least a portion of the at least one valve actuator located in the valve aperture to move a valve portion of the flexible sheet of the disposable cassette; and

(c) at least one sensor aperture, the at least one sensor located in the at least one sensor aperture, the at least one sensor operable with a sensor portion of the flexible sheet of the disposable cassette.

2. The peritoneal dialysis system of claim 1, wherein the valve actuator is operated at least partially using negative pressure.

3. The peritoneal dialysis system of claim 1, wherein the pump actuator includes a linear motor.

4. The peritoneal dialysis system of claim 1, wherein the pump actuator includes a rotary motor coupled to a rotational to linear motion converter.

5. The peritoneal dialysis system of claim 1, wherein the pump actuator includes a stepper motor.

6. The peritoneal dialysis system of claim 1, wherein the disposable cassette interface includes a plate, the plate defining a vacuum aperture through which the vacuum is pulled around the piston head to the flexible sheet of the disposable cassette.

7. The peritoneal dialysis system of claim 6, wherein the pump actuator extends through the plate adjacent to the aperture.

8. The peritoneal dialysis system of claim 6, wherein the pump actuator is mounted to the plate.

9. The peritoneal dialysis system of claim 1, wherein the valve actuator is shaped to occlude a valve seat of the flexible sheet of the disposable cassette.

10. The peritoneal dialysis system of claim 1, wherein the hardware unit further includes a door placed in a hinged relationship with respect to the disposable cassette interface, the door and the disposable cassette interface holding the disposable cassette in place for operation.

11. The peritoneal dialysis system of claim 10, wherein the door includes an inflatable bladder configured to apply a holding pressure to the disposable cassette.

12. A peritoneal dialysis system comprising:

a disposable cassette including a flexible sheet defining a pumping portion of a pump chamber;

a pump actuator;

a piston head moved by the pump actuator;

a disposable cassette interface for interfacing with the disposable cassette, the disposable cassette interface including a pump opening, the piston head moveable out of and retractable into the pump opening to move the pumping portion of the flexible sheet of the disposable cassette, the piston head moving within a vacuum chamber, the vacuum chamber enabling a vacuum to be pulled around the piston head to the flexible sheet of the disposable cassette; and

a plate through which the pump actuator extends towards the pump opening of the disposable cassette interface, the plate defining a vacuum aperture through which the vacuum is pulled around the piston head to the flexible sheet of the disposable cassette.

13. The peritoneal dialysis system of claim 12, wherein the plate is part of an assembly with the disposable cassette interface.

14. The peritoneal dialysis system of claim 12, which includes a pneumatic line extending from the plate and in fluid communication with the vacuum aperture, the pneumatic line for communicating with a vacuum source.

15. The peritoneal dialysis system of claim 12, wherein the plate defines a pump hole for enabling the pump actuator to extend through the plate.

16. The peritoneal dialysis system of claim 12, wherein the vacuum aperture is a first vacuum aperture, and wherein the plate defines a second aperture for enabling a vacuum to be applied to a valve actuator, the valve actuator operable with the flexible sheet of the disposable cassette.

17. The peritoneal dialysis system of claim 16, wherein the valve actuator is operable with the flexible sheet of the disposable cassette via a valve opening in the disposable cassette interface.

18. A peritoneal dialysis system comprising:

a disposable cassette including a flexible sheet defining a pumping portion of a pump chamber;

a pump actuator;

a piston head moved by the pump actuator;

a disposable cassette interface for interfacing with the disposable cassette, the disposable cassette interface including a pump opening, the piston head moveable out of and retractable into the pump opening to move the pumping portion of the flexible sheet of the disposable cassette, the piston head moving within a vacuum chamber, the vacuum chamber enabling a vacuum to be pulled around the piston head to the flexible sheet of the disposable cassette; and

a plate to which the pump actuator is mounted, the plate defining a vacuum aperture through which the vacuum is pulled around the piston head to the flexible sheet of the disposable cassette.

19. The peritoneal dialysis system of claim 18, wherein the vacuum aperture is a first vacuum aperture, and wherein the plate defines a second aperture for enabling a vacuum to be applied to a valve actuator, the valve actuator operable with the flexible sheet of the disposable cassette.

20. The peritoneal dialysis system of claim 19, wherein the valve actuator is operable with the flexible sheet of the disposable cassette via a valve opening in the disposable cassette interface.