Composite materials for reversible CO;capture

• US 9,283,511 B2
• Filed: 10/25/2011
• Issued: 03/15/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 10/25/2010
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: ChampionX LLC (ChampionX Corporation), Rice University
• Original Assignee: Nalco Company (Ecolab, Inc.), Rice University
• Inventors: Tour, James M., Hwang, Garry Chih-Chau, Lomeda, Jay R.
• Primary Examiner(s): Jones, Christopher P
• Application Number:
  US13/881,428
• Publication Number:
  US 20140076158A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,603 Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2253/102 Carbon
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2253/202 Polymeric adsorbents
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2253/25 Coated, impregnated or composite adsorbents
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/504 Carbon dioxide
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/02 by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography solid sorbent compositions B01J20/00, preparation of inorganic compounds or elements C01
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/04 with stationary adsorbents B01D53/025 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 20/20 comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 20/261 obtained by reactions only involving carbon to carbon unsaturated bonds macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds per se C08F
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 20/262 obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon to carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. obtained by polycondensation macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds per se C08G
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 20/28069 Pore volume, e.g. total pore volume, mesopore volume, micropore volume
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 20/2808 being less than 2 nm, i.e. micropores or nanopores
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 20/28083 being in the range 2-50 nm, i.e. mesopores
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 20/28085 being more than 50 nm, i.e. macropores
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 20/28097 being coated, filled or plugged with specific compounds
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 20/327 Polymers obtained by reactions involving only carbon to carbon unsaturated bonds
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 20/3272 Polymers obtained by reactions otherwise than involving only carbon to carbon unsaturated bonds
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2220/46 Materials comprising a mixture of inorganic and organic materials materials coated or impregnated on a carrier B01J20/32
• CPC Class Codes: Y02C 20/40 of CO2

Abstract

Composite materials for carbon dioxide (C02) capture that include: (1) a mesoporous carbon source; and (2) an in situ polymerized polymer that is associated with the mesoporous carbon source, where the in situ polymerized polymer is selected from the group consisting of thiol-based polymers, amine-based polymers, and combinations thereof. Methods of making the composite materials for C02 capture include: (1) associating a mesoporous carbon source with monomers, where the monomers are selected from the group consisting of thiol-based monomers, amine-based monomers, and combinations thereof; and (2) polymerizing the monomers in situ to form said composite materials. Further embodiments of the present invention pertain to methods of capturing C02 from an environment by associating the environment with one or more of the aforementioned composite materials.

Claims

1. A composite material for CO₂ capture comprising:

a) a mesoporous carbon source comprising a plurality of pores; and

b) an in situ polymerized polymer embedded within and inseparable from the plurality of pores of the mesoporous carbon source,

wherein the in situ polymerized polymer is selected from the group consisting of thiol-based polymers, amine-based polymers, and combinations thereof; and

wherein the composite material comprises a crystalline structure.

2. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the mesoporous carbon source is selected from the group consisting of amorphous carbons, carbon black, hydroxide-treated carbon black, porous carbon black, activated carbons, and combinations thereof.

3. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the mesoporous carbon source is derived from micron-sized or nanometer-sized carbon black particles that were treated with hydroxide.

4. The composite material of claim 3, wherein the mesoporous carbon source comprises pores with diameters that range from about 5 nm to about 100 nm.

5. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the mesoporous carbon source is CMK-3.

6. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the in situ polymerized polymer comprises an amine-based polymer selected from the group consisting of polyethylenimines, polyvinylamines, polyaziridines, N-substituted polyaziridines, poly(N-vinylformamide), Jeffamines, and combinations thereof.

7. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the in situ polymerized polymer comprises a thiol-based polymer selected from the group consisting of polyalkylthiols, polydialkylthiols, polyarylthiols, and combinations thereof.

21. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the in situ polymerized polymer comprises at least one of cross-linked polymers, branched polymers, and combinations thereof.

8. A method of making a composite material for CO₂ capture, wherein the method comprises:

a) associating a mesoporous carbon source comprising a plurality of pores with monomers, wherein the monomers are selected from the group consisting of thiol-based monomers, amine-based monomers, and combinations thereof; and

b) polymerizing the monomers in situ to form at least one in situ polymerized polymer embedded within and inseparable from the plurality of pores of the mesoporous carbon source,

wherein the in situ polymerized polymer is selected from the group consisting of thiol-based polymers, amine-based polymers, and combinations thereof; and

wherein the composite material comprises a crystalline structure.

9. The method of claim 8, further comprising a hydrolysis of the formed composite material.

10. The method of claim 8, wherein the associating comprises mixing the mesoporous carbon source with the monomers.

11. The method of claim 8, wherein the polymerizing comprises the addition of a catalyst to the monomers.

12. The method of claim 8, wherein the monomers comprise amine-based monomers selected from the group consisting of 2-methyl-2-oxazoline, N-vinyl formamide, aziridine, and combinations thereof.

13. The method of claim 8, wherein the monomers comprise thiol-based monomers selected from the group consisting of alkylthiols, dialkylthiols, arylthiols, thioepoxides, vinylthioacetates, and combinations thereof.

22. The method of claim 8, wherein the in situ polymerized polymer comprises at least one of cross-linked polymers, branched polymers, and combinations thereof.

14. A method of capturing CO₂ from an environment, wherein the method comprises:

associating the environment with a composite material, wherein the composite material comprises;

a) a mesoporous carbon source comprising a plurality of pores, and

b) an in situ polymerized polymer embedded within and inseparable from the plurality of pores of the mesoporous carbon source,

wherein the in situ polymerized polymer is selected from the group consisting of thiol-based polymers, amine-based polymers, and combinations thereof; and

wherein the composite material comprises a crystalline structure.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the environment comprises at least one of an industrial gas stream or a natural gas stream.

16. The method of claim 14, wherein the mesoporous carbon source is selected from the group consisting of amorphous carbons, carbon black, hydroxide-treated carbon black, activated carbons, and combinations thereof.

17. The method of claim 14, wherein the in situ polymerized polymer comprises an amine-based polymer selected from the group consisting of polyethylenimines, polyvinylamines, polyaziridines, N-substituted polyaziridines, poly(N-vinylformamide), Jeffamines, and combinations thereof.

18. The method of claim 14, wherein the in situ polymerized polymer comprises a thiol-based polymer selected from the group consisting of polyalkylthiols, polydialkylthiols, polyarylthiols, and combinations thereof.

19. The method of claim 14, wherein the composite has a CO₂ absorption capacity from about 10% to about 100% of the composite weight.

20. The method of claim 14, wherein the composite has a CO₂ absorption capacity of about 15% of the composite weight.

23. The method of claim 14, wherein the in situ polymerized polymer comprises at least one of cross-linked polymers, branched polymers, and combinations thereof.