Method for controlling a converter having variable frequency control and system for powering a vehicle load using same

• US 9,306,465 B2
• Filed: 06/10/2011
• Issued: 04/05/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 06/10/2011
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Lear Corporation
• Original Assignee: Lear Corporation
• Inventors: Wu, Xiangchun, Hampo, Richard J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Zhang, Jue
• Assistant Examiner(s): ROSARIO BENITEZ, GUSTAVO A
• Application Number:
  US13/157,452
• Publication Number:
  US 20120313430A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,761 Days
• Field of Search: 363/16, 363/17, 363/19, 363/20, 363/95, 363/97, 363/98, 363/131, 363/132, 307/9.1, 307/10.1
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/0058 by employing soft switching techniques, i.e. commutation of transistors when applied voltage is zero or when current flow is zero using an auxiliary actively switched resonant commutation circuit connected to an intermediate DC voltage or between two push-pull branches of an inverter bridge H02M7/4811; in resonant inverters H02M7/4815; in inverters operating from a resonant DC source H02M7/4826
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/335 using semiconductor devices only
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/3376 with automatic control of output voltage or current
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

A converter operable for powering one or more loads having a variable switching frequency. The switching frequency of the converter being selectable based on a desired output power level and/or whether switching of a plurality of switches of the converter is characterized as zero voltage switching (ZVS) or non-zero voltage switching (NZVS).

Claims

1. A method of controlling a converter having a plurality of switches for use in converting a DC input to an AC output, the plurality of switches being selectively operable between an open state and a closed state to provide variable switching frequency, the method comprising:

determining a first switching frequency for the plurality of switches, the first switching frequency operable to induce zero voltage switching (ZVS) of the plurality of switches when transitioning from the open state to the closed state, such that the AC output has a first power level;

determining a second switching frequency for the plurality of switches, the second frequency less than the first frequency, the second switching frequency operable to induce non-zero voltage switching (NZVS) of the plurality of switches when transitioning from the open state to the closed state, such that the AC output has a second power level less than the first power level;

measuring a voltage across at least one of the plurality of switches to determine one of ZVS and NZVS;

determining ZVS in the event the voltage is approximately zero when the at least one of the plurality of switches transitions from the open state to the closed state; and

determining NZVS in the event the voltage is sufficiently greater than zero when the at least one of the plurality of switches transitions from the open state to the closed state.

2. The method of claim 1 further comprising determining a switching schedule for the plurality of switches when set to the first switching frequency, the switching schedule causing the AC output to have the first power level.

3. The method of claim 2 further comprising phase shifting the switching schedule for the plurality of switches when set to the second switching frequency, the phase shifting causing the AC output to have the second power level less than the first power level.

4. The method of claim 1 further comprising:

receiving a power request from at least one load receiving the AC output;

setting the plurality of switches to the first switching frequency in the event the power request requests a power level greater than a threshold; and

setting the plurality of switches to the second switching frequency in the event the power level is less than the threshold.

5. The method of claim 1 further comprising rectifying the AC output to a DC output sufficient for use in charging a high voltage vehicle battery.

6. A method of controlling a converter having a plurality of switches operable with a transformer to convert a DC input to an AC output, the plurality of switches being selectively operable between an open state and a closed state to provide variable switching frequency, the method comprising:

determining a power level for the AC output;

determining a switching schedule for the plurality of switches sufficient to generate the AC output at the power level;

determining the switching schedule to induce the plurality of switches to transition from the open state to the closed state with one of zero voltage switching (ZVS) and non-zero voltage switching (NZVS);

determining a first switching frequency for the plurality of switches in the event ZVS is determined, such that the AC output has a first power level;

determining a second switching frequency for the plurality of switches in the event NZVS is determined, the second switching frequency less than the first switching frequency, such that the AC output has a second power level less than the first power level;

measuring a voltage across at least one of the plurality of switches to determine one of ZVS and NZVS;

determining ZVS in the event the voltage is approximately zero when the at least one of the plurality of switches transitions from the open state to the closed state; and

determining NZVS in the event the voltage is sufficiently greater than zero when the at least one of the plurality of switches transitions from the open state to the closed state.

7. The method of claim 6 further comprising determining the second switching frequency to be half of the first switching frequency.

8. The method of claim 6 further comprising determining the power level to equal a total power demand of one or more loads actively operable within a vehicle to receive the AC output.

9. The method of claim 8 further comprising rectifying the AC output to a DC output prior to receipt by at least one of the one or more loads.

10. The method of claim 6 further comprising phase shifting the plurality of switches when operating according to the second switching frequency by an amount greater than when operating according to the first switching frequency.

11. The method of claim 6 where the at least one switch is a transistor and the method further comprising measuring the voltage between a drain and a source of the transistor.

12. The method of claim 6 wherein the switching schedule specifies a phase shift for the plurality of switches, and wherein the method further comprises determining the ZVS in the event the phase shift is greater than a threshold and the NZVS in the event the phase shift is less than the threshold.

13. A system for powering one or more loads within a vehicle, the system comprising:

a converter having a plurality of switches configured to operate with a transformer and a rectifier to convert a DC input to an AC output and then to rectify the AC output to a DC output for use in powering the one or more loads, each of the plurality of switches having an open state and a closed state;

a controller for selectively controlling switching of the plurality of switches between the open and closed states to provide variable switching frequency, the controller configured to;

i. determine a power level for the DC output based on a one or more of the one or more loads actively requesting the DC output;

ii. determine switching required of the plurality of switches to facilitate output of the DC output at the determined power level as one of zero voltage switching (ZVS) and non-zero voltage switching (NZVS);

iii. selectively control switching of the plurality of switches at a first switching frequency in the event ZVS is determined, such that the DC output has a first power level; and

iv. selectively control switching of the plurality of switches at a second switching frequency in the event NZVS is determined, the second switching frequency less than the first switching frequency, such that the DC output to has a second power level less than the first power level;

wherein at least one of the plurality of switches is a transistor, and wherein ZVS is determined when a voltage from a drain to a source of the transistor is approximately zero when the transistor transitions from the open state to the closed state and NZVS is determined when the voltage from the drain to the source of transistor is sufficiently greater than zero when the transistor transitions from the open state to the closed state.

14. The system of claim 13 wherein the controller determines ZVS when the power level is equal to or greater than a power level threshold and the controller determines NZVS when the power level is less than power level threshold.

15. The system of claim 13 wherein the first switching frequency is 250 kHz in the event the power level is approximately 3.3 kW and the second switching frequency is 125 kHz in the event the power level is less than 500 W.