Controlling transfer of objects affecting optical characteristics

• US 9,307,938 B2
• Filed: 11/27/2012
• Issued: 04/12/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 12/17/2007
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Xerox Corporation (Xerox Holdings Corp.)
• Original Assignee: Palo Alto Research Center, Inc. (Xerox Holdings Corp.)
• Inventors: Martini, Joerg, Roe, Jeffrey, Kiesel, Peter, Bassler, Michael, Bell, Alan, Bruce, Richard H., Johnson, Noble M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Chen, Tse
• Assistant Examiner(s): Liu, Chu Chuan (JJ)
• Application Number:
  US13/686,236
• Publication Number:
  US 20130085352A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,232 Days
• Field of Search: 600/310, 600/316, 600/317, 600/322, 600/329, 600/341, 600/342, 600/473, 600/476, 435/14, 435/25, 435/287.9, 422/82.08, 422/82.09, 356/39, 356/450, 356/454, 356/433, 356/436, 356440-442
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14532 for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1459 invasive, e.g. introduced into the body by a catheter A61B5/1464 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/03 Cuvette constructions
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/39 using tunable lasers
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/8507 Probe photometers, i.e. with optical measuring part dipped into fluid sample

Abstract

An implantable product such as an article, device, or system can include analyte and non-analyte containers in parts that can be operated as optical cavities. The product can also include fluidic components such as filter assemblies that control transfer of objects that affect or shift spectrum features or characteristics such as by shifting transmission mode peaks or reflection mode valleys, shifting phase, reducing maxima or contrast, or increasing intermediate intensity width such as full width half maximum (FWHM). Analyte, e.g. glucose molecules, can be predominantly included in a set of objects that transfer more rapidly into the analyte container than other objects, and can have a negligible or zero rate of transfer into the non-analyte container; objects that transfer more rapidly into the non-analyte container can include objects smaller than the analyte or molecules of a set of selected types, including, e.g., sodium chloride. Output light from the containers accordingly includes information about analyte.

Claims

1. An article comprising:

first and second parts;

each of the first and second parts including a respective container and being configured to form an optical device comprising a first light reflective component having a first reflective surface that is at least partially reflective and a second light reflective component having a second reflective surface that is at least partially reflective arranged to face the first reflective surface, the optical device having a light-transmissive region that is at least partially bounded by the first and second reflective surfaces of the light-reflective components, the light-reflective components and the light-transmissive region configured to reflect light more than once across the light-transmissive region, the first light reflective component configured to allow input light to enter the light-transmissive region through the first light reflective surface; and

one or both of the first light reflective component and the second light reflective component configured to allow output light to exit the light-transmissive region through the one or both of the first light reflective surface and the second light reflective surface, the optical device having a respective optical spectrum characteristic that can be affected by presence of spectrum-affecting objects in the container;

the optical spectrum characteristic providing the output light in response to the input light in a set of optical modes providing higher intensity light in some photon energy subranges relative to light in other photon energy subranges, the modes spaced apart as a function of photon energy, the respective container having a respective set of one or more bounding regions through which objects in fluid can transfer between the container'"'"'s interior and exterior; and

first and second fluidic components that control transfer of objects in fluid through the respective bounding regions of the first and second parts, respectively;

the first fluidic component permitting transfer of a first set of the spectrum-affecting objects into the light transmissive region of first container at a more rapid rate than spectrum-affecting objects not in the first set;

the second fluidic component permitting transfer of a second set of the spectrum-affecting objects into the light transmissive region of the second container at a more rapid rate than spectrum-affecting objects not in the second set;

the first and second sets of spectrum-affecting objects both including a shared subset;

the first set including a non-shared subset that the second set does not include;

objects that are instances of an analyte type being predominantly in the non-shared subset.

2. The article of claim 1, further comprising:

a third part that is configured as a reference optical device with a respective optical spectrum characteristic;

in operation, spectrum-affecting objects in fluid not transferring into the third part.

3. The article of claim 2 in which the third part is between the first and second parts;

the first and second parts having respective first and second non-optical sides disposed away from each other;

the first and second fluidic components including filter assemblies at the first and second non-optical sides, respectively.

4. The article of claim 1 in which the first and second parts include respective first and second unattached sides disposed away from each other, respective first and second attached sides disposed toward each other, and respective first and second lateral surfaces extending between the first and second unattached and attached sides, respectively;

the first and second fluidic components including respective first and second filter assemblies, respectively, each permitting transfer through an area equal to approximately 75% or more of the area of the respective lateral surface.

5. The article of claim 1 in which the first and second fluidic components include first and second filter assemblies, respectively, each including a respective large molecule filter that prevents transfer of large molecules, the second filter assembly further including at least one of:

a small molecule filter that permits transfer only of small molecules; and

a selective filter that permits transfer only of a set of selected types of molecules.

6. The article of claim 1, further comprising:

an incident light surface that can receive incident light in an incident direction;

each of the first and second parts and the incident light surface being configured so that the part can respond to incident light in the incident direction by operating as an optical device providing respective output light in one or more of transmission and reflection modes, the output light indicating information about contents of the part'"'"'s container.

7. The article of claim 6, further comprising:

a reflection component;

the first and second parts and the reflection component being configured so that the reflection component can receive transmission mode output light provided in the incident direction and reflect the transmission mode output light in an exit direction, the exit direction being approximately opposite the incident direction.

8. The article of claim 1, further comprising:

a light source that, in operation, provides a light beam; and

an optical component that receives and divides the light beam into partial beams and provides first and second partial beams to the first and second parts, respectively.

9. The article of claim 8 in which the light source is a laser and the optical component further performs at least one of:

collimating the light beam from the light source before dividing the light beam into partial light beams; and

collimating the first and second partial beams before providing the first and second partial beams to the first and second parts.

10. The article of claim 1 in which each of the first and second parts further includes:

one or more respective interface surfaces at which the first and second parts can receive input light and/or provide output light when operating as an optical device;

each of the first and second parts, when operating as an optical device, can receive input light through one of the first and second part'"'"'s interface surfaces in any of a set of respective entry directions and provide output light through one of the first and second part'"'"'s interface surfaces in any of a set of respective exit directions;

in operation as an optical device in response to input light at one of the first and second part'"'"'s set of entry directions, each part'"'"'s exit direction being one of;

approximately the same as the entry direction;

approximately opposite to the entry direction; and

oblique to the entry direction.

11. The article of claim 10 in which, in response to input light in the entry direction, each part'"'"'s exit direction is approximately opposite or oblique to the entry direction;

each of the first and second parts providing reflection mode output light, receiving input light and providing output light through the same one of each of the first and second part'"'"'s interface surfaces.

12. The article of claim 11 in which the first and second parts have interface surfaces that are one of:

aligned with each other;

oblique to each other.

13. The article of claim 10 in which each of the first and second parts provides transmission mode output light;

the article further comprising;

a reflection component;

the first and second parts and the reflection component being configured so that at least one of;

the reflection component receives incident light received in an incident direction and, in response, provides input light in the entry direction, the incident direction being different than the entry direction; and

the reflection component receives transmission mode output light provided by the first and second parts in the exit direction and, in response, provides reflected output light in an reflected direction different than the exit direction.

21. The article of claim 1, wherein the optical device is a Fabry-Perot optical cavity.

14. A method comprising:

controlling transfer of objects in fluid between interior and exterior of at least two of a set of containers;

each container being in a respective part of an article, the respective part being configured to form an optical device comprising a first light reflective component having a first reflective surface that is at least partially reflective and a second light reflective component having a second reflective surface that is at least partially reflective arranged to face the first reflective surface, the optical device having a light-transmissive region that is at least partially bounded by the first and second light reflective surfaces of the first and second light-reflective components, the light-reflective components and the light-transmissive region configured to reflect light within the light-transmissive region more than once across the light-transmissive region, the first light reflective component configured to allow input light to enter the light-transmissive region through the first light reflective surface; and

one or both of the first light reflective component and the second light reflective component configured to allow output light to exit the light-transmissive region through the one or both of the first light reflective surface and the second light reflective surface, each of first and second containers in the set having a respective set of one or more bounding regions through which objects in fluid can transfer between the container'"'"'s exterior and interior; and

operating the respective part of each of at least the first and second containers as an optical device having a respective output spectrum characteristic that is affected by presence of spectrum-affecting objects in the container, the output spectrum characteristic providing light in a set of modes providing higher intensity light in some photon energy subranges relative to light in other photon energy subranges, the modes spaced apart as a function of photon energy;

the act of controlling transfer of objects in fluid comprising;

permitting transfer of a first set of the spectrum-affecting objects into the first container through the respective set of bounding regions at a more rapid rate than spectrum-affecting objects that are not in the first set; and

permitting transfer of a second set of the spectrum-affecting objects into the second container through the respective set of bounding regions at a more rapid rate than spectrum-affecting objects that are not in the second set;

the first and second sets of spectrum-affecting objects both including a shared subset;

the first set including a non-shared subset that the second set does not include;

objects that are instances of an analyte type being predominantly in the non-shared subset;

output light from the first and second containers together including information about spectrum-affecting objects of the analyte type.

15. The method of claim 14 in which the shared subset includes predominantly molecules of a set of selected types.

16. The method of claim 15 in which the set of selected types includes sodium chloride molecules.

17. The method of claim 14 in which the analyte type is glucose molecules;

the method further comprising;

photosensing output light from respective parts of the first and second containers and using sensing results to obtain information about glucose concentration in the fluid.

18. The method of claim 17 in which the article further includes a third part configured as a reference optical device with a respective spectrum characteristic;

in each of the parts, the respective spectrum characteristic being shifted by spectrum-affecting objects;

the act of photosensing output light from the first and second parts and using sensing result comprising;

obtaining first, second, and third shift values for the first, second, and third containers, respectively;

using the second and third shift values to obtain an absolute measurement; and

using the absolute measurement and the first shift value to obtain the information about glucose concentration.

19. The method of claim 14 in which act of operating the respective part of each of at least the first and second containers as an optical device comprises a series of iterations, each iteration including:

illuminating the respective parts of the first and second containers at a respective photon energy for the iteration;

the respective photon energies of at least two of the iterations being different from each other.

20. The method of claim 19 in which the act of illuminating is performed with a tunable laser,

the tunable laser'"'"'s photon energy changing between a preceding iteration and a following iteration.