Scheduling and modeling the operation of controllable and non-controllable electronic devices

• US 9,310,792 B2
• Filed: 05/03/2010
• Issued: 04/12/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 05/03/2010
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Battelle Memorial Institute
• Original Assignee: Battelle Memorial Institute
• Inventors: Lu, Ning, Du, Pengwei, Guo, Xinxin, Pratt, Robert G., Hammerstrom, Donald J.
• Primary Examiner(s): KASENGE, CHARLES R
• Application Number:
  US12/772,954
• Publication Number:
  US 20110270452A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,171 Days
• Field of Search: 700/15, 700/16, 700/17, 700/28, 700/29, 700/32, 700/33, 700/36, 700/100, 700/275, 700/276, 700/291, 700/295, 700/296, 705/347, 705/400, 705/412, 340/3.1
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: G05B 19/042 using digital processors G05B19/05 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G05B 2219/2639 Energy management, use maximum of cheap power, keep peak load low
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 1/266 Arrangements to supply power to external peripherals either directly from the computer or under computer control, e.g. supply of power through the communication port, computer controlled power-strips
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 10/04 Forecasting or optimisation specially adapted for administrative or management purposes, e.g. linear programming or "cutting stock problem" market predictions or forecasting for commercial activities G06Q30/0202
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 10/06 Resources, workflows, human or project management; Enterprise or organisation planning; Enterprise or organisation modelling
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 10/067 Enterprise or organisation modelling
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/30 Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 10/50 Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 20/20 End-user application control systems

Abstract

Disclosed herein are representative embodiments of methods, apparatus, and systems for controlling and scheduling power distribution in a power network, such as household power network. One disclosed embodiment is a system comprising a central controller and a control device coupled to a household appliance. The central controller can comprise computing hardware coupled to a wireless transceiver. The central controller can be configured to generate and transmit control signals for controlling the operational state of the household appliance according to the schedule. Furthermore, the control device can be configured to receive the transmitted control signals from the central controller and to control the operational state of the household appliance in response to the control signals.

Claims

1. A method, comprising:

receiving data from a user concerning a power price limit below which the user prefers to have a controllable electronic device operate;

determining estimated market prices of power for an upcoming period of time, the upcoming period of time including different estimated market prices of power at different time intervals within the upcoming period of time, including a peak power price time interval and a lower power price time interval during which the estimated market price of power is less than during the peak power price time interval;

determining estimated operating times for the controllable electronic device throughout the upcoming period of time;

using computing hardware, generating a schedule for operating the controllable electronic device during the upcoming period of time based at least in part on the estimated operating times for the controllable electronic device, the schedule for operating the controllable electronic device including a scheduled operating time for the controllable electronic device occurring at least partially during the lower power price time interval;

determining a current market price for power during the scheduled operating time;

determining information indicative of whether the current market price for power exceeds the power price limit;

transmitting the information to an information display for the controllable electronic device; and

displaying the information to the user at the information display for the controllable electronic device.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating control signals for operating the controllable electronic device according to the schedule.

3. The method of claim 2, further comprising transmitting the control signals to the controllable electronic device.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the estimated operating times for the controllable electronic device comprises receiving data from a user indicating desired operational times for the controllable electronic device during the upcoming period of time.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the data are for a thermostatically-controlled device and further include one or more of a low temperature limit, a high temperature limit, and a preferred temperature.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the generating the schedule comprises:

generating a candidate schedule for the controllable electronic device that schedules operation of the controllable electronic device during intervals of the upcoming period of time in which the estimated market price is lower than in other intervals of the upcoming period of time;

modeling performance of the controllable electronic device according to the generated schedule; and

evaluating the modeled performance of the controllable electronic device to determine whether the modeled performance violates any of the performance values during the estimated operating times.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the generating the schedule further comprises revising the candidate schedule based on the evaluation.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the upcoming period of time is an upcoming day.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the controllable electronic device is a thermostatically controlled electronic device or a non-thermostatically controlled electronic device.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the generating the schedule comprises computing a value indicative of the cost of operating the controllable electronic device according to the schedule and a value indicative of a user comfort level obtained when the controllable electronic device is operated according to the schedule.

11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

determining estimated operating times for a non-controllable electronic device based on data indicating a historical usage of the non-controllable electronic device; and

using the computing hardware, generating a schedule for operating the non-controllable electronic device during the upcoming period of time based at least in part on the estimated operating times for the non-controllable electronic device.

12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:

monitoring power usage in a household power network; and

computing the data indicating the historical usage of the non-controllable electronic device from the monitored power usage.

13. The method of claim 1, wherein the power price limit is a high power price limit, wherein the receiving further comprises receiving from the user a medium power price limit and a low power price limit, and wherein the displaying the information to the user further comprises displaying information indicative of which of the following available categories the current market price for power belongs in:

(a) below the low power price limit, (b) between the low power price limit and the medium power price limit, (c) between the medium power price limit and the high power price limit, or (d) above the high power price limit.

14. A method, comprising:

determining estimated market prices of power for an upcoming period of time, the upcoming period of time including different estimated market prices of power at different time intervals within the upcoming period of time, including a peak power price time interval and a lower power price time interval during which the estimated market price of power is less than during the peak power price time interval;

using computing hardware, generating a schedule for operating a non-controllable electronic device throughout the upcoming period of time, the schedule including randomly selected time periods of operation that cumulatively correspond to a historical usage of the non-controllable electronic device, the randomly selected time periods occurring at least partially during the peak power price time interval or the lower power price time interval; and

using the computing hardware, calculating a cost of operating the non-controllable electronic device according to the schedule.

15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:

monitoring power usage in a household power network; and

computing the data indicating the historical usage of the non-controllable electronic device from the monitored power usage.

16. A controller for controlling operational states of one or more household devices, the controller comprising computing hardware configured to:

receive data from a user indicating respective power price limits for each individual controllable electronic device in a group of two or more controllable electronic devices, the respective power price limit for one of the controllable electronic devices indicating a price for power above which the user desires to have the controllable electronic device deactivated;

determine estimated market prices of power for an upcoming period of time, the upcoming period of time including different estimated market prices of power at different time intervals within the upcoming period of time, including a peak power price time interval and a lower power price time interval during which the estimated market price of power is less than during the peak power price time interval;

determine respective estimated operating times for the controllable electronic devices in the group during the upcoming period of time; and

generate respective schedules for operating the controllable electronic devices in the group during the upcoming period of time based at least in part on the received power price limits and the estimated operating times for the controllable electronic devices in the group, the schedules for operating the controllable electronic devices including scheduled operating times for the controllable electronic devices occurring at least partially during the lower power price time interval.

17. The controller of claim 16, wherein the computing hardware comprises a computer processor and memory.

18. The controller of claim 16, wherein the computing hardware comprises an application specific integrated circuit or programmable logic device.

19. The controller of claim 16, wherein the computing hardware is further configured to generate control signals for operating the controllable electronic devices according to the respective schedules.

20. The controller of claim 19, further comprising one or more transceivers, the computing hardware being further configured to cause transmission of the control signals to the controllable electronic devices via the one or more transceivers.

21. The controller of claim 16, wherein the computing hardware is further configured to:

receive data from the user indicating respective desired operational times for each individual controllable electronic device in the group of two or more controllable electronic devices during the upcoming period of time; and

determine the estimated operating times for the controllable electronic devices based at least in part on the received data.

22. The controller of claim 16, wherein the computing hardware is further configured to:

receive data from the user indicating respective desired performance values for each individual controllable electronic device in the group of two or more controllable electronic devices during the upcoming period of time.

23. The controller of claim 22, wherein the computing hardware is further configured to generate the schedule by:

modeling performance of the controllable electronic devices according to the respective schedules; and

evaluating the modeled performance of the controllable electronic devices to determine whether the modeled performance violates any of the performance values during the estimated operating times.

24. The controller of claim 23, wherein the computing hardware is further configured to generate revised schedules by revising the schedules based on the evaluation.

25. The controller of claim 16, wherein the computing hardware is configured to generate the respective schedules by computing respective values indicative of the cost of operating the respective controllable electronic devices according to the schedules and values indicative of a user comfort level obtained when the controllable electronic devices are operated according to the respective schedules.

26. The controller of claim 16, wherein the computing hardware is further configured to:

determine estimated operating times for a non-controllable electronic device based on data indicating a historical usage of the non-controllable electronic device; and

generate a schedule for operating the non-controllable electronic device during the upcoming period of time based at least in part on the estimated operating times for the non-controllable electronic device.

27. The controller of claim 26, wherein the computing hardware is further configured to monitor power usage in a household power network and compute the data indicating the historical usage of the non-controllable electronic device from the monitored power usage.

28. A method, comprising:

via a graphic user interface, allowing a user to input data indicating device-specific operational parameters for each individual household device in a group of two or more household devices;

determining estimated market prices of power for an upcoming time period, the upcoming period of time including different estimated market prices of power at different time intervals within the upcoming period of time, including a peak power price time interval and a lower power price time interval during which the estimated market price of power is less than during the peak power price time interval;

generating respective schedules indicating time intervals during which each of the respective household devices is operational and time intervals during which each of the respective household devices is not operational for the upcoming time period, the household devices being thermostatically controlled household devices and the schedules including time intervals of precooling or preheating for the respective household devices occurring at least partially during the lower power price time interval;

using computing hardware, computing a cost for operating the household devices according to the schedules; and

using the computing hardware, computing a comfort level of a user when the household devices are operated according to the schedules.

29. The method of claim 28, wherein the schedules are first schedules, the method further comprising:

generating second schedules indicating time intervals during which the respective household devices are operational and time intervals during which the respective household devices are not operational, at least one of the time intervals during which the respective household devices are operational in the second schedules being different from the first schedules;

using the computing hardware, computing a cost for operating the respective household devices according to the second schedules; and

using the computing hardware, computing a comfort level of a user when the respective household devices are operated according to the second schedules.

30. The method of claim 29, wherein the generating the second schedules comprises:

modeling performance of the respective household devices when the household devices are operated according to the respective first schedules;

evaluating the performance of the respective household devices according to the first schedules relative to desired one or more operating times and one or more desired performance limits of the respective household devices; and

modifying the first schedules to address violations in the desired operating times and the desired performance limits of the respective household devices detected as a result of the evaluation.

31. The method of claim 28, wherein:

the data concerning operational parameters for the respective household devices include one or more time intervals during which the user prefers to have the respective household devices operational; and

generating the schedules is based at least in part on the one or more time intervals.

32. The method of claim 31, wherein the computing hardware is further configured to receive data from the user indicative of respective performance limits for each individual household device in the group of two or more household devices, the respective performance limit for one of the household devices indicating a performance limit within which the user prefers to have the household device operate.

33. The method of claim 28, wherein the operational parameters include a lower temperature limit, a higher temperature limit, and a preferred temperature.

34. A controller for controlling operational states of one or more household devices, the controller comprising computing hardware configured to:

receive data from a user indicating device-specific operational parameters for each individual household device in a group of two or more household devices;

determine estimated market prices of power for an upcoming period of time, the upcoming period of time including different estimated market prices of power at different time intervals within the upcoming period of time, including a peak power price time interval and a lower power price time interval during which the estimated market price of power is less than during the peak power price time interval;

generate respective schedules for each of the household devices for the upcoming period of time, the schedules indicating time intervals during which the respective household devices are operational and time intervals during which the respective household devices are not operational, the household devices being thermostatically controlled household devices and the schedules including time intervals of precooling or preheating occurring at least partially during the lower power price time interval;

compute a cost for operating the household devices according to the schedules; and

compute a comfort level of a user when the household devices are operated according to the schedules.

35. The controller of claim 34, wherein the computing hardware comprises a computer processor and memory.

36. The controller of claim 34, wherein the computing hardware comprises an application specific integrated circuit or programmable logic device.

37. The controller of claim 34, wherein the schedules are first schedules, the computing hardware being further configured to:

generate second schedules indicating time intervals during which the household devices are operational and time intervals during which the household devices are not operational, at least one of the time intervals during which at least one of the household devices is operational in the second schedules being different from the first schedules;

compute a cost for operating the household devices according to the second schedules; and

compute a comfort level of a user when the household devices are operated according to the second schedules.

38. The controller of claim 37, wherein the computing hardware generates the second schedules by:

modeling performance of the household devices when the household devices are operated according to the first schedules;

evaluating the performance of the household devices according to the first schedules relative to desired one or more operating times and one or more desired performance limits of the household devices; and

modifying the first schedules to address violations in the desired operating times and the desired performance limits of the household devices detected as a result of the evaluation.

39. The controller of claim 34, wherein:

the controller further comprises a graphic user interface configured to receive the operational data concerning the household devices from the user; and

the computing hardware is further configured to generate the schedule based at least in part on the operational data concerning the household devices received from the user via the graphic user interface.

40. The controller of claim 39, wherein the data concerning operational parameters of the household devices received from the user identify one or more of the time intervals during which the user prefers to have the household devices operational.

41. The controller of claim 39, wherein the device-specific operational parameters further comprise one or more performance limits for each individual household device in the group of two or more household devices, a respective performance limit for one of the household devices indicating a performance limit within which the user prefers to have the household device operate.

42. The controller of claim 34, wherein the operational parameters include a lower temperature limit, a higher temperature limit, and a preferred temperature.

43. One or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing computer-executable instructions for causing a computer to perform a method, the method comprising:

providing a graphic user interface that displays a device-level list of one or more controllable electronic devices to a user, the controllable electronic devices in the list being powered by a power network;

determining estimated market prices of power for an upcoming period of time, the upcoming period of time including different estimated market prices of power at different time intervals within the upcoming period of time, including a peak power price time interval and a lower power price time interval during which the estimated market price of power is less than during the peak power price time interval; and

via the graphic user interface, allowing a user to input data indicating device-specific operational parameters for each of the one or more controllable electronic devices in the list,

the operational parameters including one or more time intervals within the upcoming period of time during which a selected one of the one or more controllable electronic devices is to be activated, at least one of the one or more time intervals occurring at least partially during the lower power price time interval,

the operational parameters further including a price limit for the selected one of the one or more controllable electronic devices indicating a price at which the selected one of the one or more controllable electronic devices is to be deactivated if exceeded by a current market price for power;

wherein the method further comprises generating a schedule for operating the one or more controllable electronic devices during the one or more time intervals based at least in part on the data concerning the device-specific operational parameters; and

wherein the method further comprises generating a schedule for one or more noncontrollable electronic devices based on historical usage patterns of the noncontrollable electronic devices.

44. One or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing computer-executable instructions for causing a computer to perform a method, the method comprising:

receiving data from a user concerning a power price limit below which the user prefers to have a controllable electronic device operate;

determining estimated market prices of power for an upcoming period of time, the upcoming period of time including different estimated market prices of power at different time intervals within the upcoming period of time, including a peak power price time interval and a lower power price time interval during which the estimated market price of power is less than during the peak power price time interval;

determining estimated operating times for the controllable electronic device throughout the upcoming period of time;

generating a schedule for operating the controllable electronic device during the upcoming period of time based at least in part on the estimated operating times for the controllable electronic device, the schedule for operating the controllable electronic device including a scheduled operating time for the controllable electronic device occurring at least partially during the lower power price time interval;

determining a current market price for power during the scheduled operating time;

determining information indicative of whether the current market price for power exceeds the power price limit;

transmitting the information to an information display for the controllable electronic device; and

displaying the information to the user at the information display for the controllable electronic device.

45. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 44, wherein the method further comprises generating control signals for operating the controllable electronic device according to the schedule.

46. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 45, wherein the method further comprises transmitting the control signals to the controllable electronic device.

47. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 44, wherein the determining the estimated operating times for the controllable electronic device comprises receiving data from a user indicating desired operational times for the controllable electronic device during the upcoming period of time.

48. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 44, wherein the generating the schedule comprises:

generating a candidate schedule for the controllable electronic device that schedules operation of the controllable electronic device during intervals of the upcoming period of time in which the estimated market price is lower than in other intervals of the upcoming period of time;

modeling performance of the controllable electronic device according to the generated schedule; and

evaluating the modeled performance of the controllable electronic device to determine whether the modeled performance violates any of the performance values during the estimated operating times.

49. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 48, wherein the generating the schedule further comprises revising the candidate schedule based on the evaluation.

50. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 44, wherein the upcoming period of time is an upcoming day.

51. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 44, wherein the controllable electronic device is a thermostatically controlled electronic device or a non-thermostatically controlled electronic device.

52. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 44, wherein the generating the schedule comprises computing a value indicative of the cost of operating the controllable electronic device according to the schedule and a value indicative of a user comfort level obtained when the controllable electronic device is operated according to the schedule.

53. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 44, wherein the method further comprises:

determining estimated operating times for a non-controllable electronic device based on data indicating a historical usage of the non-controllable electronic device; and

generating a schedule for operating the non-controllable electronic device during the upcoming period of time based at least in part on the estimated operating times for the non-controllable electronic device.

54. One or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing computer-executable instructions for causing a computer to perform a method, the method comprising:

determining estimated market prices of power for an upcoming period of time, the upcoming period of time including different estimated market prices of power at different time intervals within the upcoming period of time, including a peak power price time interval and a lower power price time interval during which the estimated market price of power is less than during the peak power price time interval;

generating a schedule for operating a non-controllable electronic device throughout the upcoming period of time, the schedule including randomly selected time periods of operation that cumulatively correspond to a historical usage of the non-controllable electronic device, the randomly selected time periods occurring at least partially during the peak power price time interval or the lower power price time interval; and

calculating a cost of operating the non-controllable electronic device according to the schedule.

55. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 54, wherein the method further comprises:

monitoring power usage in a household power network; and

computing the data indicating the historical usage of the non-controllable electronic device from the monitored power usage.

56. One or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing computer-executable instructions for causing a computer to perform a method, the method comprising:

via a graphic user interface, allowing a user to input data indicating device-specific operational parameters for each individual household device in a group of two or more household devices;

determining estimated market prices of power for an upcoming time period, the upcoming period of time including different estimated market prices of power at different time intervals within the upcoming period of time, including a peak power price time interval and a lower power price time interval during which the estimated market price of power is less than during the peak power price time interval;

generating respective schedules indicating time intervals during which each of the respective household devices is operational and time intervals during which each of the respective household devices is not operational for the upcoming time period, the household devices being thermostatically controlled household devices and the schedules including time intervals of precooling or preheating for the respective household devices occurring at least partially during the lower power price time interval;

computing a cost for operating the household devices according to the schedules; and

computing a comfort level of a user when the household devices are operated according to the schedules.

57. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 56, wherein the schedules are first schedules, the method further comprising:

generating second schedules indicating time intervals during which the respective household devices are operational and time intervals during which the respective household devices are not operational, at least one of the time intervals during which the respective household devices are operational in the second schedules being different from the first schedules;

computing a cost for operating the respective household devices according to the second schedules; and

computing a comfort level of a user when the respective household devices are operated according to the second schedules.

58. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 57, wherein the generating the second schedules comprises:

modeling performance of the respective household devices when the household devices are operated according to the respective first schedules;

evaluating the performance of the respective household devices according to the first schedules relative to desired one or more operating times and one or more desired performance limits of the respective household devices; and

modifying the first schedules to address violations in the desired operating times and the desired performance limits of the respective household devices detected as a result of the evaluation.

59. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 56, wherein:

the data concerning operational parameters for the respective household devices include one or more time intervals during which the user prefers to have the respective household devices operational; and

generating the schedules is based at least in part on the one or more time intervals.

60. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 59, wherein the method further comprises receiving data from the user indicative of respective performance limits for each individual household device in the group of two or more household devices, the respective performance limit for one of the household devices indicating a performance limit within which the user prefers to have the household device operate.