Antenna sharing in mobile devices for backscatter radio

• US 9,312,950 B1
• Filed: 07/14/2014
• Issued: 04/12/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 07/14/2014
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Google LLC (Alphabet Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Google Inc. (Alphabet Inc.)
• Inventors: Deyle, Travis
• Primary Examiner(s): Bilodeau, David
• Application Number:
  US14/330,802
• Time in Patent Office: 638 Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/10326 the antenna being of the very-near field type, e.g. capacitive
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/2208 associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns G06K7/00; record carrier for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings G06K19/00
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/0064 with separate antennas for the more than one band H04B1/0053 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 5/77 for interrogation
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/26 at least one of which is mobile
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 27/3405 Modifications of the signal space to increase the efficiency of transmission, e.g. reduction of the bit error rate, bandwidth, or average power

Abstract

A method and apparatus for wirelessly communicating data that receives electromagnetic (“EM”) radiation incident upon an antenna of a mobile device from a base station is described. The antenna is an element of the mobile device that serves an additional purpose than just as a reflective antenna for backscatter communications. A radar cross-section of the antenna is modulated between two or more states using a backscatter tag coupled to the antenna. Data is encoded onto a backscatter channel of the EM radiation via the modulating. The data is transmitted to the base station over the backscatter channel.

Claims

1. A method of wirelessly communicating data, the method comprising:

receiving electromagnetic (“

EM”

) radiation incident upon an antenna of a mobile device from a base station, wherein the antenna is an element of the mobile device that serves an additional purpose than just as a reflective antenna for backscatter communications;

modulating a radar cross-section of the antenna between two or more states using a backscatter tag coupled to the antenna;

encoding the data onto a backscatter channel of the EM radiation via the modulation of the radar cross-section; and

transmitting the data to the base station over the backscatter channel,

wherein the additional purpose of the antenna comprises an emission antenna coupled to an active wireless transceiver that operates according to at least one of a Wifi communication standard, a Bluetooth communication standard, or a cellular communication standard.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

time sharing the antenna between the backscatter tag and the active wireless transceiver.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the time sharing comprises alternating usage of the antenna between the backscatter tag and the active wireless transceiver for predetermined durations.

4. The method of claim 2, wherein the time sharing comprises using the antenna for the backscatter communications so long as the active wireless transceiver is idle or disabled.

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

selecting the antenna from a plurality of antennas of the mobile device prior to modulating the radar cross-section of the antenna.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein selecting the antenna comprises:

determining which of the plurality of antennas are currently available antennas for use by the backscatter tag; and

selecting a preferred antenna for the backscatter communications from the currently available antennas.

7. The method of claim 5, further comprising:

performing a configuration routine to identify a subset of available impedances that improve a signal-to-noise ratio (“

SNR”

) of the backscatter channel; and

using the identified subset of available impedances as a symbol constellation for encoding the data on the backscatter channel during the wireless display session.

8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:

interrupting the backscatter channel when the antenna becomes unavailable;

selecting a backup antenna from the plurality of antennas;

performing another configuration routine to identify a new subset of the available impedances that improve the SNR of the backscatter channel for the backup antenna; and

continuing to transmit the data to the base station over the backscatter channel using the new subset of available impedances as the symbol constellation for encoding the data.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the mobile device comprises one of a mobile phone, a head wearable display, a wrist watch, body-mountable devices, a tablet, a body-implantable device, or a laptop.

10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

establishing a wireless communication session between the mobile device and the base station for communications over the backscatter channel, wherein control signaling for managing the wireless communication session is conveyed via a wireless side channel that does not use backscatter communications.

11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

powering the modulation of the radar cross-section of the antenna of the mobile device using a primary battery of the mobile device, wherein the radar cross-section is modulated between the two or more states by modulating an impedance load on the antenna.

12. At least one non-transitory machine-accessible storage medium that provides instructions that, when executed by a mobile device, will cause the mobile device to perform operations comprising:

receiving electromagnetic (“

EM”

) radiation incident upon an antenna of a mobile device from a base station, wherein the antenna is an element of the mobile device that serves an additional purpose than just as a reflective antenna for backscatter communications;

modulating a radar cross-section of the antenna between two or more states;

encoding data onto a backscatter channel of the EM radiation via the modulating; and

transmitting the data to the base station over the backscatter channel,

wherein the additional purpose of the antenna comprises an emission antenna coupled to an active wireless transceiver that operates according to at least one of a Wifi communication standard, a Bluetooth communication standard, or a cellular communication standard.

13. The at least one machine-accessible storage medium of claim 12, further providing instructions that, when executed by the mobile device, will cause the mobile device to perform further operations, comprising:

time sharing the antenna between a backscatter tag and the active wireless transceiver.

14. The at least one machine-accessible storage medium of claim 12, further providing instructions that, when executed by the mobile device, will cause the mobile device to perform further operations, comprising:

selecting the antenna from a plurality of antennas of the mobile device prior to modulating the radar cross-section of the antenna.

15. The at least one machine-accessible storage medium of claim 14, wherein selecting the antenna comprises:

determining which of the plurality of antennas are currently available antennas for use by the backscatter tag; and

selecting a preferred antenna for the backscatter communications from the currently available antennas.

16. The at least one machine-accessible storage medium of claim 14, further providing instructions that, when executed by the mobile device, will cause the mobile device to perform further operations, comprising:

performing a configuration routine to identify a subset of available impedances that improve a signal-to-noise ratio (“

SNR”

) of the backscatter channel; and

using the identified subset of available impedances as a symbol constellation for encoding the data on the backscatter channel during the wireless display session.

17. A mobile device, comprising:

an active wireless transceiver coupled to drive a first antenna to emit radiation during an active emission communication session, wherein the active wireless transceiver operates according to at least one of a Wifi communication standard, a Bluetooth communication standard, or a cellular communication standard;

a backscatter tag including an adjustable load impedance module that is selectively coupled to the first antenna to modulate a radar cross-section of the first antenna between two or more states to encode data onto a backscatter channel when electromagnetic (“

EM”

) radiation is incident upon the first antenna during a backscatter communication session; and

control circuitry coupled to share the first antenna between the backscatter tag for backscatter communications and the active wireless transceiver for active emission communications.

18. The mobile device of claim 17, further comprising:

an antenna multiplexor coupled between the backscatter tag and a plurality of antennas including the first antenna, the antenna multiplexor coupled to the control circuitry to selectively couple any of the plurality of antennas of the mobile device to the adjustable load impedance module of the backscatter tag for use during the backscatter communications.

19. The mobile device of claim 18, wherein the plurality of antennas further includes a second antenna coupled to another active wireless transceiver.

20. The mobile device of claim 18, wherein the plurality of antennas further includes at least one of a frame of the mobile device, a lead frame of a chip package within the mobile device, or a conductive trace on a circuit board of the mobile device.

21. The mobile device of claim 17, further comprising:

a battery coupled to power the active wireless transceiver, the backscatter tag, and the control circuitry; and

a system clock coupled to provide a clock signal to the control circuitry and to the backscatter tag.

22. The mobile device of claim 17, wherein the backscatter tag includes a backscatter controller that modulates the adjustable load impedance module using quadrature amplitude modulation.

23. The mobile device of claim 17, further comprising:

a plurality of antennas including the first antenna; and

a plurality of backscatter tags including the backscatter tag, wherein each of the plurality of backscatter tags is coupled to a corresponding one of the plurality of antennas to selectively modulate a radar cross-section of a corresponding one of the antennas for backscatter communications.