Systems and methods for providing trigger timing

• US 9,316,729 B2
• Filed: 05/25/2007
• Issued: 04/19/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 05/25/2007
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: NIITEK, Inc.
• Original Assignee: NIITEK, Inc.
• Inventors: Wilens, David, Hibbard, Mark, Cummings, William
• Primary Examiner(s): GALT, CASSI J
• Application Number:
  US11/754,136
• Publication Number:
  US 20080291080A1
• Time in Patent Office: 3,252 Days
• Field of Search: 327261-290, 380/46, 380/35, 342/137, 708250-256, 333/18
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/0209 Systems with very large relative bandwidth, i.e. larger than 10 %, e.g. baseband, pulse, carrier-free, ultrawideband
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/222 using random or pseudorandom pulse repetition frequency
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/885 for ground probing prospecting or detecting using electromagnetic waves G01V3/12
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/023 Interference mitigation, e.g. reducing or avoiding non-intentional interference with other HF-transmitters, base station transmitters for mobile communication or other radar systems, e.g. using electro-magnetic interference [EMI] reduction techniques auxiliary means for detecting or identifying radar signals or the like G01S7/021; means for anti-jamming G01S7/36
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/0235 Avoidance by time multiplex
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/28 Details of pulse systems
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/36 Means for anti-jamming , e.g. ECCM, i.e. electronic counter-counter measures

Abstract

A system for providing signal trigger pulses comprises an equivalent time sampling unit providing transmit and receive trigger pairs, and a control unit controlling the equivalent time sampling unit to provide pseudorandom delay length variations between the trigger pairs.

Claims

1. A system for providing trigger pulses for triggering transmit and receive pulses in a radar system, the system comprising:

an equivalent time sampling unit configured to provide transmit and receive trigger pairs, each trigger pair including a transmit trigger pulse and a corresponding receive trigger pulse, there being a varying delay between each transmit trigger pulse and the corresponding receive trigger pulse; and

a control unit comprising a pseudorandom number generator configured to generate a sequence of number values that produces a substantially even distribution of number values throughout a range, the control unit configured to control said equivalent time sampling unit to provide a sequence of pseudorandom delay periods, each pseudorandom delay period of said sequence of pseudorandom delay periods being between one of said trigger pairs and a next of said trigger pairs, each pseudorandom delay period of said sequence of pseudorandom delay periods being based on a pseudorandom number value of the sequence of number values, the varying delay between each transmit trigger pulse and the corresponding receive trigger pulse being adjustable independent of the sequence of pseudorandom delay periods;

wherein the system is configured to be included in a radar system having a receive circuitry bandwidth extending from fifty Megahertz to around ten Gigahertz such that each of the transmit trigger pulses causes a transmit pulse in the radar system and each of the corresponding receive trigger pulses causes a corresponding receive pulse in the radar system; and

wherein a length of the sequence of number values is chosen such that coherent noise is only detectable below fifty Megahertz.

2. The system of claim 1 wherein said equivalent time sampling unit includes a delay unit comprising:

a variable delay component;

a fixed delay component; and

a switching component configured to receive inputs from said fixed and variable delay components, said switching component configured to output one of said received inputs in response to signals from said control unit.

3. The system of claim 2 wherein said fixed delay unit comprises a length of coaxial cable with a known delay at a particular frequency.

4. The system of claim 2 wherein output from said fixed delay component comprises delay from both said variable delay component and said fixed delay component.

5. The system of claim 1 wherein successive transmit and receive pulse pairs have increasing offsets between corresponding transmit and receive pulses.

6. The system of claim 1 wherein said equivalent time sampling unit is configured to reconstruct a wave from samples taken of a received wave, said reconstructed wave stretched out over a time greater than one cycle of said received wave.

7. The system of claim 1 further comprising:

a Radio Frequency (RF) unit in communication with said equivalent time sampling unit to receive said trigger pairs, said RF unit configured to transmit radar pulses and configured to sample returned signals in response to said trigger pairs; and

a radar logic unit configured to receive said sampled returned signals and configured to analyze said sampled returned signals according to a radar algorithm, said radar logic unit further configured to provide humanly-perceptible output based upon said analyzing.

8. A method for producing and receiving signals in a radar system, said method comprising:

performing equivalent time sampling by triggering transmit pulses followed by triggering corresponding receive pulses, there being a varying delay between each of the transmit pulses and the corresponding receive pulses; and

separating subsequent transmit pulses by delay periods, variation in the lengths of said delay periods being pseudorandom and based upon a sequence of number values that produces a substantially even distribution of number values throughout a range, the delay between each of the transmit pulses and the corresponding receive pulses being adjustable independent of the pseudorandom delay periods;

wherein the method is performed by a radar system having a receive circuitry bandwidth extending from fifty Megahertz to around ten Gigahertz and transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves over the air; and

wherein a length of the sequence of number values is chosen such that coherent noise is only detectable below fifty Megahertz.

9. The method of claim 8 wherein said performing equivalent time sampling comprises:

as time increases, increasing a time offset between corresponding transmit and receive pulses so that a plurality of receive pulses sample a plurality of windows in a cycle of a received waveform; and

reconstructing said received waveform stretched over a length of equivalent time.

10. The method of claim 8 wherein any given two consecutive transmit pulses are separated by a delay period generated by a process comprising:

generating a pseudorandom binary number;

inputting said pseudorandom binary number to a digital delay line, wherein said delay line produces a first delay based upon said pseudorandom binary number;

generating another binary number, said another binary number generated by a pseudorandom algorithm;

inputting said another binary number to a multiplexing unit, wherein said multiplexing unit receives a first signal from said digital delay line and a second signal from a fixed delay source;

outputting one of said first and second signals as a transmit trigger from said multiplexing unit, said outputting based on said another binary number; and

generating a transmit pulse in response to said transmit trigger.

11. The method of claim 10 wherein said fixed delay source is a coaxial cable portion cut to a length corresponding to a known delay.

12. The method of claim 8 wherein any given two consecutive transmit pulses are separated by a delay period generated by a process comprising:

generating a pseudorandom binary number;

inputting said pseudorandom binary number to a digital delay line, wherein said delay line produces a first delay based upon said pseudorandom binary number;

outputting a delayed signal from said digital delay line as a transmit trigger; and

generating a transmit pulse in response to said transmit trigger.

13. The method of claim 8 further comprising:

analyzing output of said equivalent time sampling according to a radar algorithm; and

displaying the results of said analyzing.

14. The method of claim 13 wherein said analyzing comprises:

determining one or more of the items in the list consisting of;

a position of an object;

a speed of an object;

a shape of an object;

and a type of an object.

15. A method for sampling a signal in a radar system, said method comprising:

providing a series of transmit and receive pulse pairs, wherein a time offset between a transmit operation and a receive operation in a given pulse pair is varied from a previous pulse pair so that said series of pulse pairs samples a returned wave; and

inserting delay periods between each said pulse pair and a next of said pulse pair, wherein variations in the delay periods between successive pulse pairs are pseudorandom and based upon a sequence of number values that produces a substantially even distribution of number values throughout a range, the time offset between the transmit operation and the receive operation in a given pulse pair being adjustable independent of the pseudorandom delay periods;

wherein the receive pulse is sent to a radar system having a receive circuitry bandwidth extending from fifty Megahertz to around ten Gigahertz to cause the radar system to receive a signal; and

wherein a length of the sequence of number values is chosen such that coherent noise is only detectable below fifty Megahertz.

16. The method of claim 15 wherein a given pulse pair comprises:

a transmit pulse; and

a first receive pulse following said transmit pulse.

17. The method of claim 15 wherein said providing a series of transmit and receive pulse pairs comprises:

triggering receive pulses by delaying a transmit trigger signal.

18. The method of claim 15 wherein said providing a series of transmit and receive pulse pairs comprises:

triggering transmit pulses by delaying a receive trigger signal.

19. The method of claim 15 wherein said inserting delay periods between each pulse pair comprises:

inserting said delay periods between transmit pulses.

20. The method of claim 15 wherein said inserting delay periods between each pulse pair comprises:

generating a pseudorandom number value;

controlling a variable delay component to provide a first delay to a clock based on said generated pseudorandom number value, thereby producing a first delayed signal;

providing a second delay to a clock by a fixed delay component, thereby providing a second delayed signal; and

selectively outputting one of said first and second delayed signals to control a pulse.

21. The method of claim 20 wherein said controlled pulse is selected from the list consisting of:

a transmit pulse; and

a receive pulse.

22. The method of claim 20 wherein said fixed delay component is a portion of coaxial cable.

23. The method of claim 15 further comprising:

analyzing said sampled returned wave according to a radar algorithm; and

displaying results of said analyzing.

24. A radar system transmitting a signal and receiving a returned signal, said radar system comprising:

means for performing equivalent time sampling on said returned signal by providing transmit and receive trigger pairs, each trigger pair including a transmit trigger pulse and a corresponding receive trigger pulse, there being a varying delay between each transmit trigger pulse and the corresponding receive trigger pulse; and

means for varying a delay in a pulse repetition scheme of said equivalent time sampling means by inserting delay periods between each of said trigger pairs and a next trigger pair, wherein variations in the delay periods between successive trigger pairs are pseudorandom and based upon a sequence of number values that produces a substantially even distribution of number values throughout a range, the delay between each transmit trigger pulse and the corresponding receive trigger pulse being adjustable independent of the pseudorandom delay periods;

wherein a receive circuitry of the radar system has a bandwidth extending from fifty Megahertz to around ten Gigahertz; and

wherein a length of the sequence of number values is chosen such that coherent noise is only detectable below fifty Megahertz.

25. The radar system of claim 24 further comprising:

means for analyzing results of said equivalent time sampling according to a radar algorithm; and

means for displaying results of said analyzing.

26. The radar system of claim 24 wherein said delay varying means comprises:

a variable delay component;

a fixed delay component; and

a switching component receiving inputs from said fixed and variable delay components, said switching component outputting one of said received inputs at a time, said switching component output triggering said pulse repetition.

27. The radar system of claim 26, wherein said fixed delay component comprises a length of coaxial cable.