Method to control a minimum pulsewidth in a switch mode power supply

• US 9,318,965 B2
• Filed: 03/05/2013
• Issued: 04/19/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 10/10/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: MyPAQ Holdings Ltd. (Transpacific IP Group Limited)
• Original Assignee: Flextronics America LLC (Flextronics International Limited)
• Inventors: Schroeder gen Berghegger, Ralf
• Primary Examiner(s): GBLENDE, JEFFREY A
• Application Number:
  US13/786,143
• Publication Number:
  US 20140098577A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,141 Days
• Field of Search: 363/21.04, 363/21.07, 363/21.08, 363/21.1, 363/21.11, 363/21.12, 363/21.15, 363/21.16, 363/21.18
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/0003 Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/0032 Control circuits allowing low power mode operation, e.g. in standby mode
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/335 using semiconductor devices only
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/33523 with galvanic isolation between input and output of both the power stage and the feedback loop
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/33538 of the forward type H02M3/3353, H02M3/33569 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/33546 with automatic control of the output voltage or current H02M3/33561 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/33553 with galvanic isolation between input and output of both the power stage and the feedback loop
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

A power converter circuit includes a transformer and a main switch controller by a primary side controller. A sensing circuit is implemented that senses the voltage at an auxiliary winding of the transformer while the main switch is ON. The auxiliary winding is another winding on the primary side of the transformer, magnetically coupled to the secondary winding and electrically isolated from the primary winding. When the voltage across the auxiliary winding reaches a predefined threshold voltage level, the main switch is switched OFF. The threshold voltage level is set at a value that minimizes an amount of energy transferred per pulse to the secondary side of the circuit while maintaining a minimum amount of energy transfer to enable output voltage sensing at the auxiliary winding.

Claims

1. A method of controlling a switching mode power converter, the method comprising:

configuring a switching mode power converter comprising a transformer having a primary winding coupled to an input supply voltage and a secondary winding, a switch coupled in series to the primary winding, a controller coupled to the switch, and a primary side auxiliary winding electrically coupled to the controller and magnetically coupled to the secondary winding;

determining a minimum voltage across the secondary winding to enable energy transfer from a primary side of the transformer to a secondary side;

turning ON the switch;

comparing a voltage across the auxiliary winding to a threshold voltage while the switch is ON, wherein the threshold voltage is proportional to the minimum voltage; and

turning OFF the switch once the voltage across the auxiliary winding reaches the threshold voltage, wherein a time period between turning ON the switch and turning OFF the switch is a minimum pulse width of the switch corresponding to a minimum energy necessary to enable the energy transfer from the primary side to the secondary side.

2. The method of claim 1 further comprising transferring energy from the primary side to the secondary side when the switch is OFF.

3. The method of claim 1 further comprising measuring the voltage across the auxiliary winding when the switch is OFF and there is secondary current,

wherein the measured voltage when the switch is OFF is proportional to an output voltage of the switching mode power converter and the measured voltage is used by the controller to regulate the output voltage.

4. The method of claim 3 wherein the measured voltage is used by the controller to determine when to execute the minimum pulse width.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein when the switch is OFF, the voltage across the secondary winding increases to the minimum voltage thereby enabling energy transfer, and the voltage across the secondary winding is measured upon the voltage across the secondary winding reaching the minimum voltage.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein the switching mode power converter further comprises a threshold voltage detection circuit coupled to the auxiliary winding and to the controller, the threshold voltage detection circuit compares the voltage across the auxiliary winding to the threshold voltage and sends a threshold voltage signal to the controller once the voltage across the auxiliary winding reaches the threshold voltage.

7. The method of claim 1 further comprising powering the controller using energy transferred to the auxiliary winding.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein the switch comprises a transistor.

9. The method of claim 1 wherein the threshold voltage equals the minimum voltage multiplied by a turns ratio of the auxiliary winding to the secondary winding.

10. The method of claim 1 wherein the minimum voltage is set as a fixed value.

11. The method of claim 1 wherein the minimum voltage is a variable value determined by the controller.

12. A switching mode power converter comprising:

a transformer having a primary winding coupled to an input supply voltage and a secondary winding;

a switch coupled in series to the primary winding;

a controller coupled to the switch, wherein the controller is configured to turn the switch ON and OFF;

a primary side auxiliary winding magnetically coupled to the secondary winding; and

a threshold voltage detection circuit coupled to the auxiliary winding and to the controller, wherein the threshold voltage detection circuit is configured to compare a voltage across the auxiliary winding to a minimum voltage while the switch is ON and to send a signal to the controller once the voltage across the auxiliary winding reaches the minimum voltage, wherein the minimum voltage is a minimum voltage across the secondary winding to enable energy transfer from a primary side of the transformer to a secondary side of the transformer,

wherein the controller is configured to switch OFF the switch in response to receiving the signal from the threshold voltage detection circuit such that a minimum energy is stored in the primary winding necessary to enable energy transfer from the primary side of the transformer to the secondary side.

13. The power converter of claim 12 further comprising a voltage detection circuit coupled to the auxiliary winding and to the controller, the voltage detection circuit is configured to measure the voltage across the auxiliary winding when the switch is OFF and there is secondary current and to send the measured voltage to the controller, wherein the measured voltage while the switch is OFF is proportional to an output voltage of the switching mode power converter and the measured voltage is used by the controller to regulate the output voltage.

14. The power converter of claim 13 wherein the controller is further configured to determine when to turn the switch ON and OFF according to the measured voltage.

15. The power converter of claim 12 comprising a resonant circuit including the transformer and parasitic capacitances of the transformer and the switch.

16. The power converter of claim 12 wherein the threshold voltage detection circuit comprises a comparator.

17. The power converter of claim 12 wherein the switch comprises a transistor.

18. The power converter of claim 12 further comprising a power supply circuit coupled to the auxiliary winding and to the controller, wherein the power supply circuit is configured to receive and store energy from the auxiliary winding and to provide energy to the controller.

19. The power converter of claim 18 wherein the power supply circuit comprises a pair of transistors and a capacitor.

20. The power converter of claim 12 wherein the minimum voltage is a fixed value.

21. The power converter of claim 12 wherein the minimum voltage is a variable value determined by the controller.