Encoding and decoding of data

• US 9,319,065 B2
• Filed: 03/15/2012
• Issued: 04/19/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 03/15/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: RPX Corporation
• Original Assignee: Nokia Technologies Oy (Nokia Corporation)
• Inventors: Wirola, Lauri Aarne Johannes, Laine, Tommi Antero, Syrjarinne, Jari
• Primary Examiner(s): Nguyen, Khai M
• Application Number:
  US14/384,087
• Publication Number:
  US 20150311916A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,496 Days
• Field of Search: 341/67, 341/65
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 5/02524 Creating or updating the radio-map
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 7/46 Conversion to or from run-length codes, i.e. by representing the number of consecutive digits, or groups of digits, of the same kind by a code word and a digit indicative of that kind

Abstract

An apparatus run-length encodes data to obtain a sequence of records. The data are associate to grid points of a grid and the records are defined such that they allow embedding data associated to a same grid point and representing pieces of information of at least two different types in a same record. The encoded data may be stored or transmitted. When receiving or retrieving such run-length encoded data in a sequence of records, the data may be run-length decoded to obtain decoded data and an association of the decoded data to the grid points of the grid.

Claims

1. A method comprising at an apparatus:

run-length encoding data, which are associate to grid points of a grid, to obtain a sequence of records, the records being defined such that they allow embedding data associated to a same grid point and representing pieces of information of at least two different types in a same record; and

causing at least one of storage and transmission of the encoded data.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein each grid point corresponds to a location, wherein the data represents at least pieces of information corresponding to results of at least two different types of measurements, and wherein the encoded data is provided for supporting a terrestrial radio signal based positioning.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the records are defined such that they allow including in a record at least one indication of at least one type of content of the record.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the at least one type of content comprises at least one of:

at least one type of content for a number of subsequent grid points to which no data is associated;

at least one type of content for data representing pieces of information of a single type; and

at least one type of content for data representing pieces of information of a plurality of types.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sequence of records comprises for each grid point, to which data is associated, and for each grid point, which is a first grid point in a sequence of grid points in a predetermined order of grid points to which no data is associated, a record with:

an indication of a type of content of the record, the type specifying the size of the content; and

content of the specified size, the content including one of data associated to the grid point, and an indication of the number of subsequent grid points, starting with the grid point, to which no data is associated.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sequence of records comprises for each grid point, to which data is associated, and for each grid point, which is a first grid point in a sequence of grid points in a predetermined order of grid points to which no data is associated, a record with:

a header with a first field and a second field, the first field indicating whether data is associated to the grid point, wherein whenever the first field indicates that no data is associated to the grid point the second field indicating the number of subsequent grid points to which no data is associated, and whenever the first field indicates that data is associated to the grid point, the second field indicating a type of content, the type of content specifying the size of the content; and

content, whenever the first field in the header indicates that data is associated to the grid point, the content including data associated to the grid point.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sequence of records comprises for each grid point, to which data is associated, and for each grid point, which is a first grid point in a sequence of grid points in a predetermined order of grid points to which data is associated, a record with a header indicating explicitly or implicitly a total size of content and with content of the indicated total size, the content comprising:

at least one indication of a type of at least one entity with partial content, the type specifying a size of the entity with the partial content; and

at least one entity with partial content of the specified size, the partial content including one of data representing pieces of information of a single type associated to the grid point, and an indication of the number of subsequent grid points, starting with the grid point, to which no data is associated.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the grid is a three-dimensional grid and wherein each grid point corresponds to a location in a three-dimensional space, the run-length encoding comprising run-length encoding the data using a predetermined order of grid points of the three-dimensional grid.

8. A method comprising at an apparatus:

receiving or retrieving run-length encoded data in a sequence of records, wherein the data are associate to grid points of a grid and wherein data, which are associated to a same grid point of the grid and which represent pieces of information of at least two different types, are embedded in a same record of the sequence of records; and

run-length decoding the data to obtain decoded data and an association of the decoded data to the grid points of the grid.

10. An apparatus comprising at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause an apparatus at least to perform:

run-length encode data, which are associate to grid points of a grid, to obtain a sequence of records, the records being defined such that they allow embedding data associated to a same grid point and representing pieces of information of at least two different types in a same record; and

cause at least one of storage and transmission of the encoded data.

11. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein each grid point corresponds to a location, wherein the data represents at least pieces of information corresponding to results of at least two different types of measurements, and wherein the encoded data is provided for supporting a terrestrial radio signal based positioning.

12. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the records are defined such that they allow including in a record at least one indication of at least one type of content of the record.

13. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the at least one type of content comprises at least one of:

at least one type of content for a number of subsequent grid points to which no data is associated;

at least one type of content for data representing pieces of information of a single type; and

at least one type of content for data representing pieces of information of a plurality of types.

14. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the sequence of records comprises for each grid point, to which data is associated, and for each grid point, which is a first grid point in a sequence of grid points in a predetermined order of grid points to which no data is associated, a record with:

an indication of a type of content of the record, the type specifying the size of the content; and

content of the specified size, the content including one of data associated to the grid point, and an indication of the number of subsequent grid points, starting with the grid point, to which no data is associated.

15. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the sequence of records comprises for each grid point, to which data is associated, and for each grid point, which is a first grid point in a sequence of grid points in a predetermined order of grid points to which no data is associated, a record with:

a header with a first field and a second field, the first field indicating whether data is associated to the grid point, wherein whenever the first field indicates that no data is associated to the grid point the second field indicating the number of subsequent grid points to which no data is associated, and whenever the first field indicates that data is associated to the grid point, the second field indicating a type of content, the type of content specifying the size of the content; and

content, whenever the first field in the header indicates that data is associated to the grid point, the content including data associated to the grid point.

16. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the sequence of records comprises for each grid point, to which data is associated, and for each grid point, which is a first grid point in a sequence of grid points in a predetermined order of grid points to which data is associated, a record with a header explicitly or implicitly indicating a total size of content and with content of the indicated total size, the content comprising:

at least one indication of a type of at least one entity with partial content, the type specifying a size of the entity of the partial content; and

at least one entity with partial content of the specified size, the partial content including one of data representing pieces of information of a single type associated to the grid point, and an indication of the number of subsequent grid points, starting with the grid point, to which no data is associated.

17. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the grid is a two-dimensional grid and wherein each grid point corresponds to a location in a two-dimensional space, the at least one memory and the computer program code further configured to, with the at least one processor, cause an apparatus to add to the encoded data an indication of a value of a third dimension to which the data are associated.

18. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the grid is a three-dimensional grid and wherein each grid point corresponds to a location in a three-dimensional space, the run-length encoding comprising run-length encoding the data using a predetermined order of grid points of the three-dimensional grid.

19. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein each grid point corresponds to a location in a two-dimensional space and wherein the pieces of information of at least two different types comprise information on at least one type of measurement and information on a value of a third dimension to which the information on the at least one type of measurement is associated.

20. An apparatus comprising at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform:

receive or retrieve run-length encoded data in a sequence of records, wherein the data are associate to grid points of a grid and wherein data, which are associated to a same grid point of the grid and which represent pieces of information of at least two different types, are embedded in a same record of the sequence of records; and

run-length decode the data to obtain decoded data and an association of the decoded data to the grid points of the grid.