Multi-stage detection of buried IEDs

• US 9,322,917 B2
• Filed: 01/23/2012
• Issued: 04/26/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 01/21/2011
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Farrokh Mohamadi
• Original Assignee: Farrokh Mohamadi
• Inventors: Mohamadi, Farrokh
• Primary Examiner(s): Olszewski, John R
• Assistant Examiner(s): Cass, Jean-Paul
• Application Number:
  US13/356,532
• Publication Number:
  US 20140062758A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,555 Days
• Field of Search: 342/22, 342/73, 342/90, 342/96
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: B64C 39/024 of the remote controlled vehicle type, i.e. RPV
• CPC Class Codes: B64U 10/13 Flying platforms
• CPC Class Codes: B64U 2101/30 for imaging, photography or videography
• CPC Class Codes: B64U 2101/31 for surveillance
• CPC Class Codes: B64U 2201/20 Remote controls
• CPC Class Codes: B64U 30/20 Rotors; Rotor supports
• CPC Class Codes: B64U 50/19 using electrically powered motors
• CPC Class Codes: F41H 11/136 Magnetic, electromagnetic, acoustic or radiation systems, e.g. ground penetrating radars or metal-detectors
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/0209 Systems with very large relative bandwidth, i.e. larger than 10 %, e.g. baseband, pulse, carrier-free, ultrawideband
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/867 Combination of radar systems with cameras
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/885 for ground probing prospecting or detecting using electromagnetic waves G01V3/12
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/89 for mapping or imaging
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 17/86 Combinations of lidar systems with systems other than lidar, radar or sonar, e.g. with direction finders

Abstract

A surveillance system includes a multi-propeller aircraft having a main propeller and a plurality of wing unit propellers; a housing that houses the main propeller and the wing unit propellers; an optical video camera; an ultra-wideband (UWB) radar imaging system; a control system for controlling flight of the multi-propeller aircraft from a remote location; and a telemetry system for providing information from the optical camera and the ultra-wideband (UWB) radar imaging system to a remote location.

Claims

1. A system comprising:

a multi-propeller aircraft having a plurality of wing unit propellers for vertical takeoff and landing;

a housing that houses a main propeller and the wing unit propellers, the housing having a diameter of approximately 1.5 feet to 3 feet;

an ultra-wideband (UWB) radar imaging system housed in the housing;

an optical camera within the housing;

a control system, housed in the housing, for controlling flight of the multi-propeller aircraft from a remote location;

a microwave transmitter configured to heat water within or on one or more ground surfaces;

an infrared camera for detecting a heat signature of a ground surface in response to the heating from the microwave transmitter; and

a telemetry system, housed in the housing, for providing information from the ultra-wideband (UWB) radar imaging system and the optical camera to the remote location, wherein the system is configured to

first interrogate a ground surface with the optical camera to locate disturbed ground surfaces and with the microwave transmitter and the infrared camera to locate a disturbed ground surface by detecting a thermal profile of the disturbed ground in response to the heating from the microwave transmitter based on the disturbed ground having a different dewpoint and thus a correspondingly different thermal profile from undisturbed ground and

to subsequently interrogate the disturbed ground surface with the UWB radar imaging system, wherein the system is further configured to;

scan, from the aircraft, a general area of interest using a first UWB radar system operating at a first center frequency;

perform a coarse analysis using data provided by the first radar system to isolate a target of interest from clutter;

display imaging of the target of interest on a display at the remote location;

remotely direct the aircraft to scan the target of interest using a second ultra-wideband (UWB) radar system operating at a second center frequency that is higher than the first center frequency;

perform a fine analysis using narrow beam data provided by the second radar system; and

display imaging of the results of the fine analysis on the display at the remote location.

3. The system of claim 1, further comprising:

a global positioning system (GPS) sensor integrated with the UWB radar sensor imaging for providing real-time feedback of information.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein:

real-time feedback of information from the ultra-wideband (UWB) radar imaging system is available on a display for remote control operation of the aircraft.

2. The system of clam 1, wherein the multi-propeller aircraft further includes an explosive discoloration agent spray system to spray the interrogated disturbed ground surface with explosive discoloration agent to authenticate the presence of buried IEDs.

5. A method comprising:

remotely controlling flight of an aircraft using a plurality of wing unit propellers for vertical take off and landing;

operating an optical video camera mounted on the aircraft to detect the presence of disturbed ground patches;

operating a microwave transmitter configured to heat water within or on one or more ground patches;

operating an infrared camera for detecting a heat signature of at least one of the ground patches in response to the heating from the microwave transmitter to locate a disturbed ground patch having a different dewpoint and thus a correspondingly different thermal profile from undisturbed ground in response to the heating from the microwave transmitter;

operating an ultra-wideband (UWB) radar imaging system from the aircraft to image the disturbed ground patches for the presence of buried improvised explosive devices (IEDs) from a height of approximately 1 to 5feet from the disturbed ground patches;

scanning, from the aircraft, a general area of interest using a first UWB radar system operating at a first center frequency;

performing a coarse analysis using data provided by the first radar system to isolate a target of interest from clutter;

transmitting information from the UWB radar imaging system to a display at a location remote from the aircraft;

displaying imaging of the target of interest on the display at the location remote from the aircraft;

remotely directing the aircraft to scan the target using a second ultra-wideband (UWB) radar system operating at a second center frequency that is higher than the first center frequency;

performing a fine analysis using narrow beam data provided by the second radar system; and

displaying imaging of the results of the fine analysis on the display at the location remote from the aircraft.

6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:

spraying an explosive discoloration agent, that reacts with common explosive materials, on the interrogated disturbed ground surface to authenticate the presence of buried IEDs.

7. A method comprising:

remotely controlling flight of an aircraft using a plurality of wing unit propellers for vertical take off and landing;

operating an optical video camera mounted on the aircraft to detect the presence of disturbed ground patches;

operating an ultra-wideband (UWB) radar imaging system from the aircraft to image the disturbed ground patches for the presence of buried improvised explosive devices (IEDs) from a height of approximately 1to 5feet from the disturbed ground patches;

transmitting information from the UWB radar imaging system to a display at a location remote from the aircraft;

from the aircraft, exciting a disturbed surface of at least one of the disturbed ground patches with a microwave transmitter configured to heat water within the disturbed surface, wherein the optical video camera comprises an infrared camera configured to detect a heat signature of the excited disturbed surface having a different dewpoint and thus a correspondingly different heat signature from undisturbed ground in response to the heating from the microwave transmitter;

scanning, from the aircraft, a general area of interest using a first UWB radar system operating at a first center frequency;

performing a coarse analysis using data provided by the first radar system to isolate a target of interest from clutter;

displaying imaging of the target of interest on the display at the location remote from the aircraft;

remotely directing the aircraft to scan the target using a second ultra-wideband (UWB) radar system operating at a second center frequency that is higher than the first center frequency;

performing a fine analysis using narrow beam data provided by the second radar system; and

displaying imaging of the results of the fine analysis on the display at the location remote from the aircraft.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein operating the optical video camera comprises performing an image processing texture filtering.

9. The method of claim 7, further comprising:

marking the imaged target of interest by spraying one of the disturbed ground patches with an explosive discoloration agent.