Antenna structures and methods for omni directional radiation patterns

• US 9,324,020 B2
• Filed: 08/30/2012
• Issued: 04/26/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 08/30/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: NXP B.V. (NXP Semiconductors NV)
• Original Assignee: NXP B.V. (NXP Semiconductors NV)
• Inventors: Nazarov, Alexey
• Primary Examiner(s): Issing, Gregory C
• Application Number:
  US13/599,201
• Publication Number:
  US 20140062787A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,335 Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/07372 by detecting tampering with the circuit
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/07786 the antenna being of the HF type, such as a dipole
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/07794 the record carrier comprising a booster or auxiliary antenna in addition to the antenna connected directly to the integrated circuit
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/07798 part of the antenna or the integrated circuit being adapted for rupturing or breaking, e.g. record carriers functioning as sealing devices for detecting not-authenticated opening of containers electronic seals G09F3/03
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2223/6677 for antenna, e.g. antenna included within housing of semiconductor device antennas per se H01Q
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2224/16227 the bump connector connecting to a bond pad of the item
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/2225 used in active tags, i.e. provided with its own power source or in passive tags, i.e. deriving power from RF signal
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/38 formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support patch antennas H01Q9/0407; microstrip dipole antennas H01Q9/065; microstrip slot antennas H01Q13/106; transmission line microstrip antennas H01Q13/206; manufacturing reflecting surfaces using insulating material for supporting the reflecting surface H01Q15/142
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 21/205 providing an omnidirectional coverage turnstile aerials H01Q21/26
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 25/00 Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern H01Q3/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 9/26 with folded element or elements, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of operating wavelength resonant loop antennas H01Q7/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 9/285 Planar dipole H01Q9/065 takes precedence; patch antenna H01Q9/0407

Abstract

A device is provided for use with a radio frequency identification (RFID) chip that receives and modulates a radio frequency (RF) signal. A substrate of the device includes a first short dipole antenna structure that backscatters a received RF signal to produce a first radiation pattern having nulls. A set of connection pads couple the RF signal from the antenna to a frontend transmitter circuit of the RFID chip. A second antenna structure backscatters the received RF signal by electromagnetic coupling to the first antenna structure and produces a second radiation pattern that complements the nulls in the first radiation pattern.

Claims

1. A device for use with a radio frequency identification (RFID) chip that receives and modulates a radio frequency (RF) signal, the device comprising:

a substrate having;

a first short dipole antenna structure configured and arranged to backscatter a received RF signal to produce a first radiation pattern having nulls;

a set of connection pads configured and arranged to couple the RF signal from the antenna to a frontend transmitter circuit of the RFID chip that is configured to backscatter the received RF signal by actively driving the first short dipole antenna structure; and

a second antenna structure configured and arranged to backscatter the received RF signal in response to being passively driven by electromagnetic coupling to the first antenna structure to produce a second radiation pattern that introduces antenna gain that complements the nulls in the first radiation pattern.

2. The device of claim 1, wherein the first radiation pattern is a dipole radiation pattern providing antenna gain in two of three directions and the nulls are located on a common axis, the second antenna structure is substantially perpendicular to the common axis, and the second radiation pattern as combined with the first radiation pattern corresponds to an overall radiation pattern that is isotropic and directionally insensitive and wherein the second radiation pattern does not include gains due to the device actively-driving the second antenna structure.

3. The device of claim 1, wherein the first radiation pattern is a dipole radiation pattern, the nulls are located on a common axis and the second antenna structure is substantially perpendicular to the common axis, wherein in the substrate the second antenna structure is characterized by a length and orientation and is arranged relative to the first antenna structure in sufficiently close enough proximity to the first antenna structure to provide near-field antenna coupling between the first antenna structure and the second antenna structure, thereby providing the second radiation pattern to complement the first radiation pattern by providing antenna gain at the nulls of the first radiation pattern, wherein the first radiation pattern combined with the second radiation pattern provide antenna gain in three directions.

4. The device of claim 1, wherein the second antenna structure is further configured and arranged to provide tamper detection by providing a current path along the second antenna structure, the current path configured and arranged to break in response to tampering with the device.

5. The device of claim 1, further including a protection label and wherein the second antenna structure is further configured and arranged to provide tamper detection by breaking a portion of the second antenna structure in response to removing the protection label.

6. The device of claim 1, wherein the device includes the radio frequency identification (RFID) chip and does not include a second frequency RFID circuit configured and arranged to modulate the RF signal.

7. The device of claim 1, wherein the device further includes an integrated circuit (IC) package that contains the RFID chip, the IC package including:

a processing module configured and arranged to process data at baseband;

an RFID transmitter module configured and arranged to convert data between RF and baseband; and

a tamper protection module configured and arranged to detect physical tampering with the IC package by detecting a break in a current path provided by the second antenna structure.

8. The device of claim 1, wherein the device further includes an integrated circuit (IC) package that contains the RFID chip and wherein the frontend transmitter circuit is configured and arranged to receive and modulate the RF signal at ultrahigh frequencies (UHF).

9. The device of claim 1, wherein the device further includes an integrated circuit (IC) package that contains the RFID chip and wherein the frontend transmitter circuit is configured and arranged to receive and modulate the RF signal at frequencies between 860 MHz and 960 MHz.

10. The device of claim 1, wherein the substrate is a thin polyethylene terephtalate substrate.

11. A method for providing directionally insensitivity radiation patterns, the method comprising:

receiving and modulating a radio frequency (RF) signal using a RFID frontend circuit;

backscattering the modulated RF signal using a first short dipole antenna structure that is configured to produce a first radiation pattern having nulls; and

backscattering the modulated RF signal in response to being passively driven by electromagnetically coupling a second antenna structure to the first antenna structure to produce a second radiation pattern that introduces antenna gain that complements the nulls in the first radiation pattern.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the first radiation pattern is a dipole radiation pattern and the nulls are located on a common axis and wherein the second radiation pattern does not include gains due to active-driving of the second antenna structure.

13. The method of claim 11, wherein the first radiation pattern is a dipole radiation pattern, the nulls are located on a common axis and the second antenna structure is substantially perpendicular to the common axis.

14. The method of claim 11, further including a step of detecting physical tampering of a device containing the RFID frontend circuit by providing a current path along the second antenna structure, the current path configured and arranged to break in response to tampering with the device.

15. The method of claim 11, wherein the method does not include the steps of receiving and modulating the RF using another RFID frontend circuit.

16. The method of claim 11, wherein the step of receiving and modulating the RF signal occurs at UHF.

17. The method of claim 11, wherein the step of receiving and modulating the RF signal occurs at frequencies between 800 MHz and 1 GHz.

18. A device for use with a radio frequency identification (RFID) chip that receives and modulates a radio frequency (RF) signal, the device comprising:

a substrate;

a first short dipole antenna structure in the substrate and configured and arranged to backscatter a received RF signal to produce a first radiation pattern having nulls;

a set of connection pads configured and arranged to couple the RF signal from the antenna to a frontend transmitter circuit of the RFID chip; and

a second antenna structure in the substrate and configured and arranged to backscatter the received RF signal by electromagnetic coupling to the first antenna structure and to produce a second radiation pattern that complements the nulls in the first radiation pattern, wherein in the substrate the second antenna structure is configured and arranged in sufficiently close enough proximity to the first antenna structure to provide near-field antenna coupling between the first antenna structure and the second antenna structure and for the second antenna structure to be passively driven by the electromagnetic coupling and wherein the second antenna structure is characterized by a length and orientation, relative to the first antenna structure, to provide the second radiation pattern that complements the first radiation pattern by providing antenna gain at the nulls of the first radiation pattern.

19. The device of claim 18, further including the RFID chip, wherein the RFID chip includes a signal transmission circuit that is directly connected via a current path to the first antenna structure and not directly connected to the second antenna structure.

20. The device of claim 18, wherein the second radiation pattern as combined with the first radiation pattern corresponds to an overall radiation pattern that is isotropic and directionally insensitive and wherein the first radiation pattern is a dipole radiation pattern and the nulls are located on a common axis and wherein the second radiation pattern does not include gains due to the second antenna structure being actively driven.