Battery overcharge monitoring system and method

• US 9,325,181 B2
• Filed: 07/18/2013
• Issued: 04/26/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 07/18/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Ford Global Technologies, LLC (Ford Motor Company)
• Original Assignee: Ford Global Technologies, LLC (Ford Motor Company)
• Inventors: Momcilovich, Paul Theodore, Gale, Allan Roy, Blakemore, Bruce Carvell, Degner, Michael W.
• Primary Examiner(s): Dinh, Paul
• Application Number:
  US13/945,437
• Publication Number:
  US 20150022150A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,013 Days
• Field of Search: 320/109, 320/133, 320/137
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/421 Speed
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/423 Torque
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/441 Speed
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/443 Torque
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/545 Temperature
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/547 Voltage
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/549 Current
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/80 Time limits
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2250/10 by alarm
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2250/16 by display
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2260/44 by parameter estimation
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2260/54 Energy consumption estimation
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 3/0046 relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 3/12 Recording operating variables ; Monitoring of operating variables
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/16 with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/52 characterised by DC-motors
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/61 by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/15 Preventing overcharging
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/16 responding to battery ageing, e.g. to the number of charging cycles or the state of health [SoH]
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/21 having the same nominal voltage
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 7/12 : for vehicles propelled by dc motors
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2310/48 : for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00 : Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00302 : Overcharge protection
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0031 : using battery or load disconnect circuits H02J9/002 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/62 : Hybrid vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/64 : Electric machine technologies in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 : Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 : Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

Abstract

An exemplary battery charge monitoring method includes, among other things, calculating expected charge data for a battery using at least a capacity of the battery and a charge rate, and comparing actual charge data to the expected charge data to identify differences between the actual charge data and the expected charge data.

Claims

1. A battery charge monitoring method, comprising:

calculating expected charge data for charging of a vehicle battery using at least a capacity of the vehicle battery, a charge rate, and an expected charge time;

during the charging, using a controller to compare actual charge data to the expected charge data to identify at least one difference between an actual charge time and the expected charge time, and at least one difference between an actual amount of energy used to charge the vehicle battery and an expected amount of energy required to charge the battery; and

ending the charging in response to the actual amount of energy to charge the vehicle battery exceeding the expected amount of energy required to charge the vehicle battery.

2. The battery charge monitoring method of claim 1, further comprising ending the charging in response to the expected charge time exceeding the actual charge time.

3. The battery charge monitoring method of claim 1, wherein the expected charge data and the actual charge data comprise electric charge data, and charging of the vehicle battery is terminated in response to an actual amount of electrical charge exceeding an expected amount of electrical charge.

4. The battery charge monitoring method of claim 1, wherein the expected charge data and the actual charge data comprise voltage data, and charging of the vehicle battery is terminated in response to an actual voltage exceeding an expected amount of voltage.

5. The battery charge monitoring method of claim 1, wherein the expected charge data comprises a substantially monotonic increase of the voltage such that a change in the voltage during the charging is substantially non-negative, and charging is terminated if the change in the voltage is negative.

6. The battery charge monitoring method of claim 1, wherein the expected charge data comprises a substantially monotonic decreasing battery current such that a change in the vehicle battery current during the charging is less than or equal to zero, and charging is terminated if the change in the current is greater than zero.

7. The battery charge monitoring method of claim 1, wherein the capacity of the vehicle battery comprises a maximum voltage for cells of the vehicle battery.

8. The battery charge monitoring method of claim 1, wherein the capacity of the vehicle battery comprises a percentage of a maximum voltage for cells of the vehicle battery.

9. The battery charge monitoring method of claim 1, wherein the capacity of the vehicle battery comprises an amp-hour capacity for cells of the vehicle battery.

10. The battery charge monitoring method of claim 1, further comprising using a battery charge controller for the calculating and the comparing.

11. The battery charge monitoring method of claim 1, wherein the calculating is prior to the charging.

12. The battery charge monitoring method of claim 1, wherein the vehicle battery is a traction battery, and further comprising powering an electric machine with power from the traction battery to generate torque to drive at least one set of vehicle drive wheels.

13. The battery charge monitoring method of claim 1, further comprising calculating using the controller and charging using a battery charger, the controller separate and distinct from the battery charger.

14. The battery charge monitoring method of claim 1, further comprising charging the battery using a constant power level in response to a first input from a user and charging the battery using a constant current level in response to a different, second input from the user.

15. A battery charging system, comprising:

a battery charger to charge a vehicle battery; and

a controller configured to selectively end a charge of the vehicle battery in response to an actual charge amount exceeding an expected charge amount, the expected charge amount calculated using at least a capacity of the vehicle battery and a charge rate, the expected charge amount including an expected amount of electrical charge used to charge the vehicle battery.

16. A battery charge monitoring method, comprising:

Comparing, using a controller, an actual charge time for a charge of a vehicle battery to an expected charge time for the charge of the vehicle battery;

comparing an actual amount of charge used to charge the vehicle battery to an expected amount of charge used to charge the vehicle battery;

ending the charge for the vehicle battery in response to a difference between the actual charge time and the expected charge time; and

ending the charge of the vehicle battery in response to a difference between the actual amount of charge and the expected amount of charge.

17. The method of claim 16, further comprising ending the charge of the vehicle battery in response to the actual charge time exceeding the expected charge time.