Power dissipating arrangement in a wind turbine

• US 9,325,268 B2
• Filed: 07/24/2012
• Issued: 04/26/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 07/27/2011
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Vestas Wind Systems A/S
• Original Assignee: Vestas Wind Systems A/S
• Inventors: Styhm, Ove, Tripathi, Anshuman, Gupta, Amit Kumar
• Primary Examiner(s): Patel, Tulsidas C
• Assistant Examiner(s): Nguyen, Viet
• Application Number:
  US14/233,164
• Publication Number:
  US 20140217730A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,372 Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: F03D 7/04 Automatic control; Regulation
• CPC Class Codes: F03D 9/255 connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor
• CPC Class Codes: H02H 7/067 on occurrence of a load dump control on sudden change of load H02P9/10
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 2101/15 for wind-driven turbines
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 3/22 by short-circuit or resistive braking
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 9/00 Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 9/006 Means for protecting the generator by using control control effected upon generator excitation circuit to reduce harmful effects of overloads or transients H02P9/10
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/72 Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Abstract

A power dissipating arrangement for dissipating power from a generator in a wind turbine is provided. The generator comprises a plurality of output terminals corresponding to a multi-phase output. The power dissipating arrangement comprises a plurality of dissipating units, a plurality of semiconductor switches, a trigger circuit for switching the semiconductor switches and a control unit for controlling the operation of the trigger circuit, thereby controlling the switching of the semiconductor switches. Each dissipating unit includes a first terminal and a second terminal. The first terminal of each dissipating unit is coupled to each output terminal of the generator. Each semiconductor switch includes a first terminal anode, a second terminal and a gate terminal. The first terminal of each semiconductor switch is coupled to the second terminal of each dissipating unit and the second terminal of the semiconductor switch is coupled to the second terminal of another dissipating unit, such that the second terminal of each dissipating unit is coupled to the first terminal of one semiconductor switch and the second terminal of another semiconductor switch. The trigger circuit is coupled to the gate terminal of the plurality of the semiconductor switches for switching the semiconductor switches.

Claims

1. A power dissipating arrangement for dissipating power from a wind turbine, wherein the wind turbine comprises a turbine control unit and a generator comprising a plurality of output terminals corresponding to a multi-phase output, the power dissipating arrangement comprises:

a plurality of dissipating units, each dissipating unit having a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal of each dissipating unit is coupled to each output terminal of the generator;

a plurality of semiconductor switches, each semiconductor switch having a first terminal, a second terminal and a gate terminal, wherein the first terminal of each semiconductor switch is coupled to the second terminal of each dissipating unit and the second terminal of the semiconductor switch is coupled to the second terminal of another dissipating unit, such that the second terminal of each dissipating unit is coupled to the first terminal of one semiconductor switch and the second terminal of another semiconductor switch;

a trigger circuit coupled to the gate terminals of the plurality of the semiconductor switches for switching the semiconductor switches;

a first control unit for controlling the operation of the trigger circuit, thereby controlling the switching of the semiconductor switches, wherein the first control unit is configured to cause the trigger circuit to turn on the semiconductor switches when the first control unit detects a shutdown signal from the turbine control, thereby causing power from the generator to be dissipated through the power dissipating units; and

a health monitoring unit configured to determine a health status of the power dissipating arrangement during a testing phase of the wind turbine by;

obtaining a first voltage measurement from a voltage measurement unit,

determining a health status of the generator based on the first voltage measurement,

controlling the first control unit to turn on the semiconductor switches for a predefined period of time,

obtaining a second voltage measurement from the voltage measurement unit, and

determining a health status of the semiconductor switches and the trigger circuit based on the second voltage measurement.

2. The power dissipating arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of semiconductor switches comprise at least one of thyristors, insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT), and metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFET).

3. The power dissipating arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the first control unit controls the operation of the trigger circuit based on inputs obtained from at least one of a voltage at the first terminal of at least one of the plurality of dissipating units, a voltage at the second terminal of at least one of the plurality of dissipating units, current of at least one of the output terminals of the generator, temperature of at least one of the plurality of dissipating units, and a shut down signal.

4. The power dissipating arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the voltage measurement unit is configured to measure voltages at the second terminals of the dissipating units.

5. The power dissipating arrangement according to claim 4, wherein the first control unit is configured to cause the trigger circuit to turn on the semiconductor switches to dissipate power from the generator through the dissipating units when the measured voltages exhibit a predetermined voltage characteristic.

6. The power dissipating arrangement according to claim 5, wherein the predetermined voltage characteristic comprises at least one of:

asymmetry in the measured voltages; and

at least one of the measured voltages is outside a predetermined range.

7. The power dissipating arrangement according to claim 1, further comprising a current measurement unit, wherein the current measurement unit is configured to measure respective currents at a plurality of input terminals of a power converter coupled to the output terminals of the generator.

8. The power dissipating arrangement according to claim 7, wherein the first control unit is configured to cause the trigger circuit to turn on the semiconductor switches to dissipate power from the generator through the dissipating units when the measured currents exhibit a predetermined current characteristic.

9. The power dissipating arrangement according to claim 8, wherein the predetermined current characteristic comprises at least one of:

asymmetry in the measured currents; and

at least one of the measured currents is outside a predetermined range.

10. The power dissipating arrangement according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the plurality of dissipating units is at least one of a resistor and a bank of resistors.

11. The power dissipating arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the trigger circuit turns on at least one of the semiconductor switches by providing a gating signal.

12. A power dissipating arrangement for dissipating power from a wind turbine, wherein the wind turbine comprises a turbine control unit and a generator comprising a first, second and third output terminal corresponding to a three-phase output, the power dissipating arrangement comprises:

a first, second and third dissipating unit, each dissipating unit having a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein

the first terminal of the first dissipating unit is coupled to the first output terminal of the generator,

the first terminal of the second dissipating unit is coupled to the second output terminal of the generator, and

the first terminal of the third dissipating unit is coupled to the third output terminal of the generator;

a first, second and third semiconductor switches, each semiconductor switch having a first terminal, a second terminal and a gate terminal, wherein

the first terminal of the first semiconductor switch is coupled to the second terminal of the first dissipating unit and the second terminal of the first semiconductor switch is coupled to the second terminal of the second dissipating unit,

the first terminal of the second semiconductor switch is coupled to the second terminal of the second dissipating unit and the second terminal of the second semiconductor switch is coupled to the second terminal of the third dissipating unit,

the first terminal of the third semiconductor switch is coupled to the second terminal of the third dissipating unit and the second terminal of the third semiconductor switch is coupled to the second terminal of the first dissipating unit;

a trigger circuit coupled to the gate terminals of the first, second and third semiconductor switches for switching the semiconductor switches;

a first control unit for controlling the operation of the trigger circuit, thereby controlling the switching of the semiconductor switches, wherein the first control unit is configured to cause the trigger circuit to turn on the semiconductor switches when the first control unit detects a shut down signal from the turbine control unit, thereby causing power from the generator to be dissipated through the power dissipating units; and

a health monitoring unit configured to determine a health status of the power dissipating arrangement during a testing phase of the wind turbine by;

obtaining a first voltage measurement from a voltage measurement unit,

determining a health status of the generator based on the first voltage measurement,

controlling the first control unit to turn on the semiconductor switches for a predefined period of time,

obtaining a second voltage measurement from the voltage measurement unit, and

determining a health status of the semiconductor switches and the trigger circuit based on the second voltage measurement.

13. The power dissipating arrangement according to claim 12, wherein the plurality of semiconductor switches comprise at least one of thyristors, insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT), and metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFET).

14. The power dissipating arrangement according to claim 12, wherein the voltage measurement unit is configured to measure voltages at the second terminal of the dissipating units.

15. A wind turbine comprising:

a generator comprising a plurality of output terminals corresponding to a multi-phase power output;

a turbine control unit;

a power converter for converting the power output from the generator; and

a power dissipating arrangement for dissipating power from the generator, wherein the power dissipating arrangement comprises;

a plurality of dissipating units, each dissipating unit having a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal of each dissipating unit is coupled to each output terminal of the generator,

a plurality of semiconductor switches, each semiconductor switch having a first terminal, a second terminal and a gate terminal, wherein the first terminal of each semiconductor switch is coupled to the second terminal of each dissipating unit and the second terminal of the semiconductor switch is coupled to the second terminal of another dissipating unit, such that the second terminal of each dissipating unit is coupled to the first terminal of one semiconductor switch and the second terminal of another semiconductor switch,

a trigger circuit coupled to the gate terminals of the plurality of the semiconductor switches for switching the semiconductor switches,

a first control unit for controlling the operation of the trigger circuit, thereby controlling the switching of the semiconductor switches, wherein the first control unit is configured to cause the trigger circuit to turn on the semiconductor switches when the first control unit detects a shut down signal from the turbine control unit, thereby causing power from the generator to be dissipated through the power dissipating units, and

a health monitoring unit configured to determine a health status of the power dissipating arrangement during a testing phase of the wind turbine by;

obtaining a first voltage measurement from a voltage measurement unit,

determining a health status of the generator based on the first voltage measurement,

controlling the first control unit to turn on the semiconductor switches for a predefined period of time,

obtaining a second voltage measurement from the voltage measurement unit, and

determining a health status of the semiconductor switches and the trigger circuit based on the second voltage measurement.