Hybrid geothermal power plant

• US 9,331,547 B2
• Filed: 09/13/2012
• Issued: 05/03/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 09/13/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Ormat Technologies Incorporated (Ormat Industries Limited)
• Original Assignee: Ormat Technologies Incorporated (Ormat Industries Limited)
• Inventors: Bronicki, Lucien Y.
• Primary Examiner(s): Pereiro, Jorge
• Assistant Examiner(s): MIAN, SHAFIQ A
• Application Number:
  US13/614,759
• Publication Number:
  US 20140070544A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,328 Days
• Field of Search: 290/4.C, 318/139, 318/140, 318/432, 318/480, 318/434, 318/609
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: F24T 10/20 using underground water as working fluid; using working fluid injected directly into the ground, e.g. using injection wells and recovery wells
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2300/20 The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/381 Dispersed generators
• CPC Class Codes: H02K 7/1823 structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 9/04 Control effected upon non-electric prime mover and dependent upon electric output value of the generator
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/10 Geothermal energy
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/56 Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 20/16 Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]

Abstract

The present invention provides a hybrid geothermal power plant, comprising a photovoltaic module for generating direct current electrical power, a geothermal unit for utilizing heat content of a geothermal fluid extracted from a production well to produce power, and a controller for coordinating operation of the photovoltaic module and the geothermal unit such that the power plant generates a substantially uniform electrical output.

Claims

1. A hybrid geothermal power plant, comprising:

a generator,

a photovoltaic module for generating direct current electrical power,

a direct current motor which is mechanically coupled to the generator and to which the photovoltaic module is electrically connected, all of the electrical power generated by the photovoltaic module being transmitted to said direct current motor to generate torque and to thereby generate alternating current electrical power by means of the generator,

a geothermal unit for utilizing heat content of a geothermal fluid extracted from a production well to produce power, wherein the geothermal unit includes a geothermal fluid flow element for extracting the geothermal fluid at a variable flow rate, the geothermal unit comprising an Organic Rankine Cycle fluid circuit in which organic motive fluid is circulated, the Organic Rankine Cycle fluid circuit including a vaporizer for vaporizing the organic motive fluid heated by the extracted geothermal fluid, a turbine for expanding the organic motive fluid heated by the extracted geothermal fluid, a condenser for condensing the organic motive fluid that has been expanded in the turbine, and a cycle or feed pump for pressurizing the condensed organic motive fluid, and

a controller configured to control the geothermal fluid flow element so that the geothermal fluid is extracted at a variable flowrate such that the geothermal fluid flow element extracts the geothermal fluid at a reduced flowrate when the direct current electrical power generated by the photovoltaic module is increased beyond a predetermined threshold,

wherein the controller is also configured to decrease the flowrate of the organic motive fluid in said Organic Rankine Cycle fluid circuit upon detection that a level of the electrical power generated by the photovoltaic module is greater than a predetermined threshold.

2. The hybrid power plant according to claim 1, wherein the geothermal unit comprises a down hole production pump and the geothermal fluid flow element for extracting the geothermal fluid at a variable flow rate which comprises a motor and a variable frequency drive for changing the operational speed of said motor and the flowrate of the extracted geothermal fluid, and wherein the controller is operable to command said variable frequency drive to reduce the flowrate of the geothermal fluid being extracted upon detection that a level of the electrical power generated by the photovoltaic module is greater than a predetermined threshold and to thereby increase drawdown head of the geothermal fluid, said increased drawdown head utilizable to increase geothermal-derived power during periods of reduced solar irradiance.

3. The hybrid power plant according to claim 1, wherein the generator is a joint generator for jointly generating alternating current electrical power from the direct current motor and from the geothermal unit.

4. The hybrid power plant according to claim 1, wherein the fluid circuit further comprises a preheater for preheating the organic motive fluid before being introduced to the vaporizer, geothermal fluid exiting the vaporizer flowing to said preheater and heat depleted geothermal fluid exiting said preheater being delivered to a reinjection well.

5. The hybrid power plant according to claim 1, wherein the photovoltaic module comprises an electronic system for maximizing the generated direct current electrical power.

6. The hybrid power plant according to claim 1, wherein said cycle or feed pump comprises a motor whose operation is controlled by the controller.

7. The hybrid power plant according to claim 3, wherein the joint generator is a two-shaft generator, a first shaft of said two-shaft generator being mechanically coupled to a shaft of the direct current motor and a second shaft of said two-shaft generator being mechanically coupled to a shaft of a turbine for producing power from the geothermal unit.

8. An energy storage method in a hybrid geothermal power plant, comprising the steps of:

generating mechanical power from a solar energy source comprising a photovoltaic module producing direct current electric power;

using the generated mechanical power from the photovoltaic module to drive a generator;

extracting geothermal energy in the form of geothermal fluid;

detecting a level of the power generated from said photovoltaic module;

supplying the extracted geothermal fluid to a vaporizer of an Organic Rankine Cycle fluid circuit in which an organic motive fluid is circulated, the Organic Rankine Cycle fluid circuit including the vaporizer, a turbine for expanding the organic motive fluid heated by the extracted geothermal fluid and generating mechanical power, a condenser for condensing the organic motive fluid that has been expanded in the turbine, and a cycle or feed pump for pressurizing the condensed organic motive fluid;

using the generated mechanical power from the turbine to drive the generator;

reducing a flowrate of geothermal fluid being extracted from a production well and decreasing the flowrate of the organic motive fluid in said fluid circuit, while increasing drawdown head of said geothermal fluid when said detected power level of the power from said photovoltaic module is greater than a predetermined threshold; and

exploiting said increased drawdown head to generate power when said power level from said photovoltaic module decreases below said predetermined threshold.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the flowrate of geothermal fluid is reduced by transmitting a signal to a variable frequency drive of a downhole production pump.

10. A hybrid geothermal power plant, comprising:

a generator,

a photovoltaic module for generating direct current electrical power,

a direct current motor which is mechanically coupled to the generator and to which the photovoltaic module is electrically connected, all of the electrical power generated by the photovoltaic module being transmitted to said direct current motor to generate torque and to thereby generate alternating current electrical power by means of the generator,

a geothermal unit for utilizing heat content of a geothermal fluid extracted from a production well to produce power, wherein the geothermal unit includes a geothermal fluid flow element for extracting the geothermal fluid at a variable flow rate, the geothermal unit comprising an Organic Rankine Cycle fluid circuit in which organic motive fluid is circulated, the Organic Rankine Cycle fluid circuit including a vaporizer for vaporizing the organic motive fluid heated by the extracted geothermal fluid, a turbine for expanding the organic motive fluid heated by the extracted geothermal fluid, a condenser for condensing the organic motive fluid that has been expanded in the turbine, and a cycle or feed pump for pressurizing the condensed organic motive fluid,

control means for controlling the geothermal fluid flow element so that the geothermal fluid is extracted at a variable flowrate such that the geothermal fluid flow element extracts the geothermal fluid at a reduced flowrate when the direct current electrical power generated by the photovoltaic module is increased beyond a predetermined threshold, and

said control means for further controlling the cycle or feed pump to decrease the flowrate of the organic motive fluid in said Organic Rankine Cycle fluid circuit when the direct current electrical power generated by the photovoltaic module is increased beyond a predetermined threshold.