Method and device for modulating an active load with damping of auto oscillation

• US 9,331,748 B2
• Filed: 09/21/2011
• Issued: 05/03/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 09/21/2010
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Verimatrix Incorporated (Verimatrix SA)
• Original Assignee: Inside Secure SA
• Inventors: Bernard, Frederic, CORDIER, Nicolas, PERNISEK, Florian, Charrat, Bruno
• Primary Examiner(s): Tsvey, Gennadiy
• Application Number:
  US13/976,527
• Publication Number:
  US 20130288599A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,686 Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/0723 the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/3816 Mechanical arrangements for accommodating identification devices, e.g. cards or chips; with connectors for programming identification devices
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 5/72 for local intradevice communication
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 7/08 the synchronisation signals recurring cyclically

Abstract

A method for sending data by inductive coupling includes: extracting an antenna signal from an antenna circuit, extracting from the antenna signal a first periodic signal, producing a second periodic signal by way of a synchronous oscillator, placing the oscillator in a free oscillation mode and applying to the antenna circuit the second periodic signal, modifying the impedance of the antenna circuit, restoring the amplitude of the antenna signal, then resynchronizing the oscillator on the first periodic signal.

Claims

1. A method for sending a data frame by inductive coupling, the method comprising:

receiving, at an inductive antenna circuit, an alternating external magnetic field, the inductive antenna circuit being tuned to a carrier frequency of the alternating external magnetic field;

producing, using the inductive antenna circuit, a first periodic signal that is based on the alternating external magnetic field;

producing, by an oscillator circuit, a second periodic signal that is based on the first periodic signal;

performing a first synchronization of the second periodic signal to the first periodic signal by placing the oscillator circuit in a synchronous oscillation mode;

placing the oscillator circuit in a free oscillation mode;

sending a first portion of the data frame by applying the second periodic signal to the inductive antenna circuit, the first portion of the data frame being on a scale of one data bit or less; and

after the sending the first portion of the data frame;

modifying an impedance of the inductive antenna circuit to attenuate an amplitude of an output signal of the inductive antenna circuit;

ceasing to modify the impedance of the inductive antenna circuit, so as to restore the amplitude of the output signal of the inductive antenna circuit; and

performing a second synchronization of the second periodic signal to the first periodic signal by placing the oscillator circuit in the synchronous oscillation mode before applying the second periodic signal to the inductive antenna circuit to send a second portion of the data frame, the second portion of the data frame being on the scale of one data bit or less.

2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:

supplying a data-carrying modulation signal;

applying the second periodic signal to the inductive antenna circuit when the data-carrying modulation signal has a first logic value; and

inhibiting application of the first periodic signal to a synchronization input of the oscillator circuit when;

modifying the impedance of the inductive antenna circuit; and

ceasing to modify the impedance of the inductive antenna circuit before placing the oscillator circuit in the synchronous oscillation mode.

3. The method according to claim 2, further comprising inhibiting the application of the first periodic signal to the synchronization input of the oscillator circuit responsive to a masking signal.

4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising phase shifting the second periodic signal relative to the first periodic signal.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein:

the data frame includes a plurality of encoded data bits.

6. A device for sending a data frame, the device comprising:

an inductive antenna circuit in which an antenna signal is generated in the presence of an alternating external magnetic field;

a synchronous oscillator circuit responsive to a first periodic signal extracted from the antenna signal, the synchronous oscillator circuit being configured to generate a second periodic signal based on the first periodic signal, the synchronous oscillator circuit having a synchronous oscillation mode configured to synchronize the second periodic signal with the first periodic signal;

an active load modulation circuit configured to;

generate an active load modulation magnetic field for sending the data frame by inductive coupling; and

apply bursts of the second periodic signal to the inductive antenna circuit when the synchronous oscillator circuit is placed in a free oscillation mode subsequent to being placed in the synchronous oscillating mode;

a damping circuit coupled to the inductive antenna circuit, the damping circuit being configured to;

modify an impedance of the inductive antenna circuit to attenuate an amplitude of the antenna signal; and

cease modifying the impedance of the inductive antenna circuit, so as to restore the amplitude of the antenna signal,

wherein;

the synchronous oscillator circuit is placed in the synchronous oscillation mode before applying additional bursts of the second periodic signal to the inductive antenna circuit during the sending of the data frame, and

a portion of the data frame that is sent between a first occurrence of the synchronous oscillator circuit being placed in the synchronous oscillation mode and a second occurrence of the synchronous oscillator circuit being placed in the synchronous oscillation mode is on a scale of one data bit or less.

7. The device according to claim 6, wherein:

the active load modulation circuit applies a burst of the second periodic signal to the antenna circuit when a data-carrying modulation signal has a first logic value; and

application of the first periodic signal to a synchronization input of the synchronous oscillator circuit is inhibited when;

during modifying the impedance of the inductive antenna circuit; and

ceasing to modify the impedance of the inductive antenna circuit before placing the synchronous oscillator circuit in the synchronous oscillation mode.

8. The device according to claim 7, the device being configured to inhibit the application of the first periodic signal to a synchronization input of the synchronous oscillator circuit responsive to a masking signal.

9. The device according to claim 6, wherein the damping circuit includes a switch coupled with the inductive antenna circuit, such that closing the switch modifies the impedance of the inductive antenna circuit.

10. The device according to claim 6, wherein the damping circuit includes a timer configured to control a time duration for which the impedance of the inductive antenna circuit is modified.

11. The device according to claim 6, wherein the synchronous oscillator circuit includes an astable oscillator having a specific self-oscillation frequency determined by components of the astable oscillator.

12. The device according to claim 6, wherein the synchronous oscillator circuit further includes a phase locked loop including:

a phase comparator configured to provide a phase signal;

an active low-pass filter configured to receive the phase signal and supply a control voltage based on the phase signal; and

a voltage-controlled oscillator configured to receive the control voltage and generate the second periodic signal responsive to the control voltage,

wherein the phase comparator is inhibited from supplying the phase signal when switching into the free oscillation mode, so as to maintain a value of the control voltage at an input of the voltage-controlled oscillator.

13. The device according to claim 6, further comprising a phase shifting circuit configured to phase shift the second periodic signal relative to the first periodic signal.

14. An apparatus comprising:

a device according to claim 6, and

at least one host processor supplying the device with data to be sent.

15. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the apparatus is mounted in or on a portable medium.

16. A smart card, comprising at least one processor and a device according to claim 6.

17. The device according to claim 6, wherein:

the data frame includes a plurality of encoded data bits.