Apparatus, system, and method for seizure symptom detection

• US 9,339,195 B2
• Filed: 01/27/2011
• Issued: 05/17/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 05/28/2010
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Research Triangle Institute
• Original Assignee: Research Triangle Institute
• Inventors: Strube, David C, Pitruzzello, Ann, Kroner, Barbara, Shorey, Jamie
• Primary Examiner(s): MALAMUD, DEBORAH LESLIE
• Application Number:
  US13/701,469
• Publication Number:
  US 20130116514A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,937 Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0002 Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network A61B5/07 takes precedence; transmission systems for measured values G08C; transmission H04B; transmission of digital information H04L; wireless communication networks H04W
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/002 Monitoring the patient using a local or closed circuit, e.g. in a room or building A61B5/0017 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0022 Monitoring a patient using a global network, e.g. telephone networks, internet
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0026 characterised by the transmission medium
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/01 Measuring temperature of body parts ; Diagnostic temperature sensing, e.g. for malignant or inflamed tissue clinical contact thermometers G01K13/20
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0205 Simultaneously evaluating both cardiovascular conditions and different types of body conditions, e.g. heart and respiratory condition
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/02055 Simultaneously evaluating both cardiovascular condition and temperature
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/02438 with portable devices, e.g. worn by the patient
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0245 by using sensing means generating electric signals, i.e. ECG signals
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/02455 provided with high/low alarm devices
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0533 Measuring galvanic skin response
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0816 Measuring devices for examining respiratory frequency measuring frequency of electric signals G01R23/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1112 Global tracking of patients, e.g. by using GPS
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1116 Determining posture transitions
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1117 Fall detection
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1118 Determining activity level
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1123 Discriminating type of movement, e.g. walking or running A61B5/1116, A61B5/112 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1135 by monitoring thoracic expansion
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14542 for measuring blood gases A61B5/14551 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/316 Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/318 : Heart-related electrical modalities, e.g. electrocardiography [ECG]
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/333 : Recording apparatus specially adapted therefor
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/339 : Displays specially adapted therefor
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/389 : Electromyography [EMG]
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/4094 : Diagnosing or monitoring seizure diseases, e.g. epilepsy
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/4803 : Speech analysis specially adapted for diagnostic purposes
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/4836 : Diagnosis combined with treatment in closed-loop systems or methods A61B5/0036 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6801 : specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6802 : Sensor mounted on worn items
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6804 : Garments; Clothes
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6805 : Vests
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/681 : Wristwatch-type devices
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6831 : Straps, bands or harnesses
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6833 : Adhesive patches
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/686 : Permanently implanted devices, e.g. pacemakers, other stimulators, biochips A61B5/6861 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6891 : Furniture
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/704 : Tables
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/746 : Alarms related to a physiological condition, e.g. details of setting alarm thresholds or avoiding false alarms alarms per se G08B
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 7/00 : Instruments for auscultation

Abstract

An apparatus, system, and method are disclosed for detecting seizure symptoms in an individual 102. A sensor module 202 receives physiological data for an individual 102 from one or more sensors 110, 112, such as a heart activity sensor. A feature detection module 204 detects a predefined feature 500, 520, 530, 540 in the physiological data. The predefined feature 500, 520, 530, 540 is associated with a seizure or another medical condition. An alert module 206 broadcasts an alert in response to the feature detection module 204 detecting the predefined feature 500, 520, 530, 540.

Claims

1. An apparatus to detect seizure symptoms, the apparatus comprising:

a sensor module that receives heart activity data for an individual from a heart activity sensor and that receives additional data from one or more additional sensors, the one or more additional sensors comprising one or more of;

a respiration sensor that receives respiration activity from the individual;

an electromyography (“

EMG”

) sensor measures electric activity of one or more muscles of the individual;

a skin conductivity sensor that measures skin conductivity of the individual;

a skin temperature sensor that measures skin temperature of the individual;

a peripheral blood oxygen saturation sensor that measures saturation of peripheral blood oxygen of the individual; and

an audible noise sensor that measures audible vocalizations of the individual;

a feature detection module that detects a predefined feature in the heart activity data, the predefined feature associated with a seizure;

a confirmation feature module that, in response to the feature detection module detecting a predefined feature in the heart rate activity, detects one or more additional predefined features associated with a seizure in additional data for the individual from the one or more additional sensors; and

an alert module that broadcasts an alert in response to the feature detection module detecting the predefined feature and the confirmation feature module detecting at least one additional predefined feature.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more additional predefined features comprise one or more of a predefined increase in an integrated respiration waveform, a predefined increase in respiration amplitude, a predefined change in respiration rate, a breath of at least a predefined duration, a breath of at least a predefined amplitude, a breath of at least a predefined volume, and a predefined change in a period of a respiration interval.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more additional predefined features comprise one or more of a predefined change in magnitude of an integrated EMG waveform, a predefined increase in rhythmic muscle activity, a predefined increase in mean firing rate of a muscle, a predefined change in an accumulated EMG waveform within a predefined time window, and a predefined decrease in signal energy of an EMG waveform preceding the predefined feature.

4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the one or more additional sensors further include an opposing EMG sensor, the EMG sensor measuring muscle activity in a first muscle group and the opposing EMG sensor measuring muscle activity in an opposing muscle group, wherein the one or more additional predefined features comprise a predefined amount of correlation between muscle activity in the first muscle group and in the opposing muscle group.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more additional features comprise one or more of:

a predefined increase in a skin conductivity of the individual;

a predefined change in a skin temperature of the individual;

a predefined decrease in a peripheral blood oxygen level of the individual; and

a predefined audible vocalization by the individual.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a severity module that determines an estimated severity of a seizure in the individual based on a combination of a weighted severity value associated with the predefined feature and one or more weighted severity values associated with the one or more additional predefined features, the alert comprising information of the estimated severity.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the one or more additional sensors include a body motion sensor that measures at least one of motion and orientation of the individual, the severity module basing the estimated severity of a seizure in the individual at least partially on input from the body motion sensor, the body motion sensor selected from the group consisting of a gyroscope and an accelerometer.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an adverse event module that detects a predefined adverse event feature in at least one of the heart activity data and the data from the one or more additional sensors, the predefined adverse event feature associated with an adverse event, the adverse event selected from the group consisting of a fall, an arrhythmia, respiratory distress, a cessation of breathing, and a loss of consciousness, the alert module broadcasting an adverse event alert in response to the adverse event module detecting the predefined adverse event feature.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the alert module broadcasts an initial alert in response to the feature detection module detecting the predefined feature and broadcasts an escalated alert in response to the confirmation feature module detecting the one or more additional predefined features.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the alert that the alert module broadcasts is selected from the group comprising an audible alert, a broadcast signal to a caregiver receiver device, and a telephonic communication to a medical monitoring center.

11. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a feature personalization module that adjusts a definition of the predefined feature based on heart activity data from one or more previous seizures of the individual.

12. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a data capture module that stores at least the heart activity data associated with the predefined feature.

13. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an activity state module that detects an activity state of the individual and adjusts a definition of the predefined feature based on the detected activity state.

14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the predefined feature is selected from the group consisting of heart activity outside of predefined heart activity threshold values, a predefined change in heart activity, and a predefined decrease in heart rate variability.

15. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a treatment module that dispenses a treatment to the individual in response to the feature detection module detecting the predefined feature.

16. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a location module that determines a location of the individual, wherein the alert comprises information of the location of the individual.

17. A system to detect seizure symptoms, the system comprising:

a heart activity sensor that measures heart activity of an individual;

a securing article that removably places the heart activity sensor in proximity to the individual; and

a controller comprising,

a sensor module that receives heart activity data for the individual from the heart activity sensor and that receives additional data from one or more additional sensors, the one or more additional sensors comprising one or more of;

a respiration sensor that receives respiration activity from the individual;

an electromyography (“

EMG”

) sensor measures electric activity of one or more muscles of the individual;

a skin conductivity sensor that measures skin conductivity of the individual;

a skin temperature sensor that measures skin temperature of the individual;

a peripheral blood oxygen saturation sensor that measures saturation of peripheral blood oxygen of the individual; and

an audible noise sensor that measures audible vocalizations of the individual;

a feature detection module that detects a predefined feature in the heart activity data, the predefined feature associated with a seizure;

a confirmation feature module that, in response to the feature detection module detecting a predefined feature in the heart rate activity, detects one or more additional predefined features associated with a seizure in additional data for the individual from the one or more additional sensors; and

an alert module that broadcasts an alert in response to the feature detection module detecting the predefined feature and the confirmation feature module detecting at least one additional predefined feature.

18. The system of claim 17, the securing article removably placing the one of more additional sensors in proximity to the individual.

19. The system of claim 17, further comprising a caregiver receiver device that receives the alert from the alert module.

20. The system of claim 17, further comprising a base unit device that performs one or more steps selected from the group consisting of storing at least a portion of the heart activity data, visually displaying at least a portion of the heart activity data, and sending at least a portion of the heart activity data to a remote device.

21. The system of claim 17, further comprising a power storage device coupled to the securing article, the power storage device providing electric power to at least one of the heart activity sensor and the controller.

22. The system of claim 17, wherein the securing article is selected from the group consisting of a wearable strap coupled to the heart activity sensor, an article of clothing to which the heart activity sensor is coupled, an article of jewelry to which the heart activity sensor is coupled, a bedding layer to which the heart activity sensor is coupled, an adhesive bandage that affixes the heart activity sensor to the individual, and an implanted device implanting the heart activity sensor within the individual.

23. The system of claim 17, wherein the controller is coupled to the securing article.

24. A method for detecting seizure symptoms, the method comprising:

receiving heart activity data for an individual from a heart activity sensor and receiving additional data from one or more additional sensors, the one or more additional sensors comprising one or more of;

a respiration sensor that receives respiration activity from the individual;

an electromyography (“

EMG”

) sensor measures electric activity of one or more muscles of the individual;

a skin conductivity sensor that measures skin conductivity of the individual;

a skin temperature sensor that measures skin temperature of the individual;

a peripheral blood oxygen saturation sensor that measures saturation of peripheral blood oxygen of the individual; and

an audible noise sensor that measures audible vocalizations of the individual;

detecting a predefined feature in the heart activity data, the predefined feature associated with a seizure;

detecting one or more additional predefined features associated with a seizure in additional data for the individual from the one or more additional sensors, in response to detecting the predefined feature in the heart rate activity; and

broadcasting an alert in response to detecting the predefined feature and detecting at lease one additional predefined feature.

25. The method of claim 24, further comprising determining an estimated severity of a seizure in the individual based on a combination of a weighted severity value associated with the predefined feature and one or more weighted severity values associated with the one or more additional predefined features, the alert comprising information of the estimated severity.

26. The method of claim 24, further comprising,

detecting a predefined adverse event feature in at least one of the heart activity data and the additional data from the one or more additional sensors, the predefined adverse event feature associated with an adverse event, the adverse event selected from the group consisting of a fall, respiratory distress, an arrhythmia, a cessation of breathing, and a loss of consciousness;

and

broadcasting an adverse event alert in response to detecting the predefined adverse event feature.

27. The method of claim 24, further comprising adjusting a definition of the predefined feature based on heart activity data from one or more previous seizures of the individual.

28. The method of claim 24, further comprising,

detecting an activity state of the individual;

and

adjusting a definition of the predefined feature based on the detected activity state.