Cable-type secondary battery

• US 9,343,773 B2
• Filed: 09/23/2011
• Issued: 05/17/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 02/01/2010
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: LG Energy Solution Limited (LG Corporation)
• Original Assignee: LG Chem Limited (LG Corporation)
• Inventors: Kwon, Yo-Han, Kim, Je-Young, Oh, Byung-Hun, Kim, Ki-Tae
• Primary Examiner(s): GATEWOOD, DANIEL S
• Application Number:
  US13/242,638
• Publication Number:
  US 20120015233A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,698 Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/02 Details of electrodes H01M4/00; of non-active parts H01M50/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0413 Large-sized flat cells or batteries for motive or stationary systems with plate-like electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0422 Cells or battery with cylindrical casing
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/052 Li-accumulators
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0565 Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0568 characterised by the solutes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/058 Construction or manufacture
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2004/025 with shapes other than plane or cylindrical
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2010/4292 Aspects relating to capacity ratio of electrodes/electrolyte or anode/cathode
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/38 of elements or alloys
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/485 of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy H01M4/505, H01M4/525 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/505 of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/525 of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/587 for inserting or intercalating light metals
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/624 Electric conductive fillers
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/66 Selection of materials
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/661 Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings H01M4/669 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/663 containing carbon or carbonaceous materials as conductive part, e.g. graphite, carbon fibres
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/667 in the form of layers, e.g. coatings
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/70 characterised by shape or form
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/75 : Wires, rods or strips
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/107 : having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic H01M50/103, H01M50/109, H01M50/11 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/46 : Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/44 : of tubular or cup-shaped cells
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 : Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 70/50 : Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 : Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Abstract

Provided is a cable-type secondary battery including an inner electrode comprising at least two anodes arranged in parallel that extend longitudinally and have a horizontal cross section of a predetermined shape, an electrolyte layer serving as an ion channel surrounding the inner electrode, an outer electrode comprising a tubular cathode having a horizontal cross section of a predetermined shape and surrounding the electrolyte layer, and a protection coating surrounding the outer electrode. The cable-type secondary battery has free shape adaptation due to its linearity and flexibility. A plurality of inner electrodes within a tubular outer electrode leads to an increased contact area therebetween and consequently a high battery rate. It is easy to control the capacity balance between the inner and outer electrodes by adjusting the number of inner electrodes.

Claims

1. A cable-type secondary battery comprising:

an inner electrode comprising at least two anodes arranged in parallel, the anode extending longitudinally and having a horizontal cross section of a predetermined shape;

an electrolyte layer surrounding the inner electrode and serving as an ion channel;

an outer electrode comprising a tubular cathode having a horizontal cross section of a predetermined shape and completely surrounding the electrolyte layer and the at least two anodes; and

a protection coating surrounding the outer electrode;

wherein (i) the anode includes a current collector and an anode active material layer formed on an outer surface of the current collector; and

(ii) the cathode includes a current collector and a cathode active material layer formed on the inside of the current collector;

wherein the anode active material layer is formed from an active material including an active material particle selected from the group consisting of carbonaceous materials, lithium-containing titanium composite oxides (LTOs), metals (Me) including Si, Sn, Li, Cd, Ce, Ni, and Fe, alloys of the metals (Me), oxides (MeOx) of the metals (Me), composites of the metals (Me) and carbon, and mixtures thereof, the cathode active material layer is formed from an active material including an active material particle selected from the group consisting of LiCoO₂, LiNiO₂, LiMn₂O₄, LiCoPO₄, LiFePO₄, LiNiMnCoO₂, and LiNi_{1-x-y -z}Co_xM1_yM2_zO₂, and mixtures thereof,

wherein M1 and M2 are each independently any one selected from the group consisting of Al, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, V, Cr, Ti, W, Ta, Mg, and Mo,

wherein x, y, and z are each independently an atomic fraction of each component in the oxide;

wherein 0≦

x<

0.5, 0≦

y<

0.5, 0≦

z<

0.5, x+y+z≦

1; and

wherein the electrolyte layer is formed from an electrolyte including a gel polymer electrolyte selected from the group consisting of PEO, PVdF, PMMA, and PAN, and a lithium salt selected from the group consisting of LiCl, LiBr, LiI, LiClO₄, LiBF₄, LiB₁₀Cl₁₀, LiPF₆, LiCF₃SO₃, LiCF₃CO₂, LiAsF₆, LiSbF₆, LiAlCl₄, CH₃SO₃Li, CF₃SO₃Li, (CF₃SO₂)₂NLi, chlorine borane lithium, aliphatic lower lithium carbonate, tetra-phenyl lithium borate, and mixtures thereof;

wherein the protection coating acts as an insulator, is formed on an outer surface of the outer electrode to protect the outer electrode from moisture in the air, and includes a polymer resin.

2. The cable-type secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the anode has a cross section of a circular or polygonal shape.

3. The cable-type secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the cathode has a cross section of a circular or polygonal shape.

4. The cable-type secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the current collector is made from stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, sintered carbon, and copper;

stainless steel surface-treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, and silver;

aluminum-cadmium alloys;

non-conductive polymer surface-treated with a conductive material;

or conductive polymers.

5. The cable-type secondary battery according to claim 4, wherein the conductive material is selected from the group consisting of polyacetylene, polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, polysulfur nitride, indium thin oxide (ITO), silver, palladium, nickel, copper, and mixtures thereof.

6. The cable-type secondary battery according to claim 4, wherein the conductive polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyacetylene, polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, polysulfur nitride, and mixtures thereof.

7. The cable-type secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the current collector is made from stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, sintered carbon, and copper;

stainless steel surface-treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, and silver;

aluminum-cadmium alloys;

non-conductive polymers surface-treated with a conductive material;

or conductive polymers.

8. The cable-type secondary battery according to claim 7, wherein the conductive material is selected from the group consisting of polyacetylene, polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, polysulfur nitride, indium thin oxide (ITO), silver, palladium, nickel, copper, and mixtures thereof.

9. The cable-type secondary battery according to claim 7, wherein the conductive polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyacetylene, polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, polysulfur nitride, and mixtures thereof.

10. A cable-type secondary battery comprising:

an inner electrode comprising at least two cathodes arranged in parallel, the cathode extending longitudinally and having a horizontal cross section of a predetermined shape;

an electrolyte layer surrounding the inner electrode and serving as an ion channel;

an outer electrode comprising a tubular anode having a horizontal cross section of a predetermined shape and completely surrounding the electrolyte layer and the at least two cathodes; and

a protection coating surrounding the outer electrode;

wherein (i) the anode includes a current collector and an anode active material layer formed on an outer surface of the current collector; and

(ii) the cathode includes a current collector and a cathode active material layer formed on the inside of the current collector;

wherein the anode active material layer is formed from an active material including an active material particle selected from the group consisting of carbonaceous materials;

lithium-containing titanium composite oxides (LTOs);

metals (Me) including Si, Sn, Li, Cd, Ce, Ni, and Fe;

alloys of the metals (Me);

oxides (MeOx) of the metals (Me); and

composites of the metals (Me), carbon, and mixtures thereof, the cathode active material layer is formed from an active material including an active material particle selected from the group consisting of LiCoO₂, LiNiO₂, LiMn₂O₄, LiCoPO₄, LiFePO₄, LiNiMnCoO₂, and LiNi_{1-x-y -z}Co_xM1_yM2_zO₂, and mixtures thereof,

wherein M1 and M2 are each independently any one selected from the group consisting of Al, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, V, Cr, Ti, W, Ta, Mg, and Mo,

wherein x, y, and z are each independently an atomic fraction of each component in the oxide,

wherein 0≦

x<

0.5, 0≦

y<

0.5, 0≦

z<

0.5, x+y+z≦

1; and

wherein the electrolyte layer is formed from an electrolyte including a gel polymer electrolyte selected from the group consisting of PEO, PVdF, PMMA, and PAN, and a lithium salt selected from the group consisting of LiCl, LiBr, LiI, LiClO₄, LiBF₄, LiB₁₀Cl₁₀, LiPF₆, LiCF₃SO₃, LiCF₃CO₂, LiAsF₆, LiSbF₆, LiAlCl₄, CH₃SO₃Li, CF₃SO₃Li, (CF₃SO₂)₂NLi, chlorine borane lithium, aliphatic lower lithium carbonate, tetra-phenyl lithium borate, and mixtures thereof;

wherein the protection coating acts as an insulator, is formed on an outer surface of the outer electrode to protect the outer electrode from moisture in the air, and includes a polymer resin.

11. The cable-type secondary battery according to claim 10, wherein the anode has a cross section of a circular or polygonal shape.

12. The cable-type secondary battery according to claim 10, wherein the cathode has a cross section of a circular or polygonal shape.

13. The cable-type secondary battery according to claim 10, wherein the current collector is made from stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, sintered carbon, and copper;

stainless steel surface-treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, and silver;

aluminum-cadmium alloys;

non-conductive polymer surface-treated with a conductive material;

or conductive polymers.

14. The cable-type secondary battery according to claim 13, wherein the conductive material is selected from the group consisting of polyacetylene, polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, polysulfur nitride, indium thin oxide (ITO), silver, palladium, nickel, copper, and mixtures thereof.

15. The cable-type secondary battery according to claim 13, wherein the conductive polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyacetylene, polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, polysulfur nitride, and mixtures thereof.

16. The cable-type secondary battery according to claim 10, wherein the current collector is made from stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, sintered carbon, and copper;

stainless steel surface-treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, and silver;

aluminum-cadmium alloys;

non-conductive polymers surface-treated with a conductive material;

or conductive polymers.

17. The cable-type secondary battery according to claim 16, wherein the conductive material is selected from the group consisting of polyacetylene, polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, polysulfur nitride, indium thin oxide (ITO), silver, palladium, nickel, copper, and mixtures thereof.

18. The cable-type secondary battery according to claim 16, wherein the conductive polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyacetylene, polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, polysulfur nitride, and mixtures thereof.