Methods for measuring and modeling the structural health of pressure vessels based on electronic distance measurements

• US 9,354,043 B2
• Filed: 05/31/2012
• Issued: 05/31/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 12/04/2008
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Laura P. Solliday, Sophie Lin, Trustee Of The John Michael Payne Family Trust
• Original Assignee: Laura P. Solliday, Sophie Lin, Trustee Of The John Michael Payne Family Trust
• Inventors: Parker, David H., Payne, John M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Betsch, Regis
• Application Number:
  US13/485,845
• Publication Number:
  US 20120250004A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,461 Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: E04B 1/00 Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs scaffolds, shutterings E04G; structures specially adapted for buildings for special purposes, general layout of buildings, e.g. modular co-ordination, E04H
• CPC Class Codes: G01B 11/03 by measuring coordinates of points
• CPC Class Codes: G01B 11/16 for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
• CPC Class Codes: G01C 15/002 Active optical surveying means optical plumbing G01C15/105
• CPC Class Codes: G01C 3/00 Measuring distances in line of sight; Optical rangefinders tapes, chains or wheels for measuring length G01B3/00; active triangulation systems, i.e. using the transmission and reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, G01S17/48

Abstract

Methods are disclosed wherein the structural health of a civil structure, pressure vessel, or the like is measured by electronic distance measurement (EDM) from a plurality of stable locations to a plurality of cardinal points on the structure in a methodical manner. By measuring the coordinates of the cardinal points, the dynamic and long-term static behavior of the structure provide an indication of the health of the structure. Analyses includes: comparison to a Finite Element Model (FEM); comparison to historical data; and modeling based on linearity, hysteresis, symmetry, creep, damping coefficient, and harmonic analysis.

Claims

1. A method for determining structural health of a pressure vessel with steps comprising:

(a) measuring a plurality of cardinal points fixed to said pressure vessel from a plurality of locations, wherein said cardinal points are identified based at least in part on engineering experience and a finite element model as being good indicators of fidelity of the finite element model of said pressure vessel to reality, at least one retroreflector is attached to each of said cardinal points, a plurality of electronic distance measurement instruments are mounted in a stable reference coordinate system, and a central processor coordinates and time synchronizes said measuring by said plurality of electronic distance measure-merit instruments;

(b) measuring at least a first range from a first electronic distance measurement instrument to a first cardinal point, a second range from a second electronic distance measurement instrument to said first cardinal point, and a third range from a third electronic distance measurement instrument to said first cardinal point, wherein said first electronic distance measurement instrument is at a first location, said second electronic distance measurement instrument is at a second location, said third electronic distance measurement instrument is at a third location, and wherein said first location, said second location, and said third location are three different locations;

(c) storing at least said first, second, and third ranges;

(d) computing a first three-dimensional coordinate of said first cardinal point, in said stable reference coordinate system, based at least in part on said first, second, and third ranges;

(e) determining at least a first structural health parameter of said pressure vessel based at least in part on said first three-dimensional coordinate, said coordination and synchronization by said central processor, and said finite element model; and

(f) storing said first structural health parameter.

2. The method of claim 1 further comprising;

(a) measuring at least;

a fourth range from said first electronic distance measurement instrument to a second cardinal point, a fifth range from said second electronic distance measurement instrument to said second cardinal point, and a sixth range from said third electronic distance measurement instrument to said second cardinal point;

(b) storing at least said fourth, fifth, and sixth ranges;

(c) computing a second three-dimensional coordinate of said second cardinal point, in said stable reference coordinate system, based at least in part on said fourth, fifth, and sixth ranges;

(d) determining at least a second structural health parameter of said pressure vessel based at least in part on said second three-dimensional coordinate, said coordination and synchronization by said central processor, and said finite element model; and

(e) storing said second structural health parameter.

3. The method of claim 2 further comprising;

(a) determining at least a fourth structural health parameter of said pressure vessel based at least in part on said first three-dimensional coordinate, said second three-dimensional coordinate, said coordination and synchronization by said central processor, and said finite element model; and

(b) storing said fourth structural health parameter.

4. The method of claim 1 further comprising;

(a) measuring at least;

a seventh range from a fourth electronic distance measurement instrument to a third cardinal point, an eighth range from a fifth electronic distance measurement instrument to said third cardinal point, and a ninth range from a sixth electronic distance measurement instrument to said third cardinal point, wherein said fourth electronic distance measurement instrument is at a fourth location, said fifth electronic distance measurement instrument is at a fifth location, said sixth electronic distance measurement instrument is at a sixth location, and wherein said fourth location, said fifth location, and said sixth location are three different locations;

(b) storing at least said seventh, eighth, and ninth ranges;

(c) computing a third three-dimensional coordinate of said third cardinal point, in said stable reference coordinate system, based at least in part on said seventh, eighth, and ninth ranges;

(d) determining at least a third structural health parameter of said pressure vessel based at least in part on said third three-dimensional coordinate, said coordination and synchronization by said central processor, and said finite element model; and

(e) storing said third structural health parameter.

5. The method of claim 4 further comprising;

(a) determining at least a fifth structural health parameter of said pressure vessel based at least in part on said first three-dimensional coordinate, said third three-dimensional coordinate, said coordination and synchronization by said central processor, and said finite slement model; and

(b) storing said fifth structure.

6. The method of claim 1 further comprising;

(a) performing steps a-f of claim 1 at a first epoch in time;

(b) performing steps a-f of claim 1 at a second epoch in time;

(c) determining at least a sixth structural health parameter of said pressure vessel based at least in part on said first epoch in time, said second epoch in time, said coordination and synchronization by said central processor, and said finite element model; and

(d) storing said sixth structural health parameter.

7. The method of claim 6 wherein the time between said first and second epochs in time is greater than one day.

8. The method of claim 6 wherein the time between said first and second epochs in time is less than one day.

9. The method of claim 6 wherein the time between said first and second epochs in time is less than ½

of a period of a fundamental frequency of natural vibrations of said pressure vessel.

10. The method of claim 6 wherein at least one parameter affecting the pressure vessel is changed between said first and second epochs in time.

11. The method of claim 6 wherein a relative uncertainty of said first, second, and third ranges, between said first and second epochs in time, is less than 0.01 mm.

12. The method of claim 1 wherein an absolute uncertainty of said first, second, and third ranges is less than 0.1 mm.

13. A method for measuring structural health of a pressure vessel by experimentally testing a finite element model of the pressure vessel, with steps comprising:

(a) programming the finite element model of the pressure vessel;

(b) identifying a first cardinal point on the pressure vessel based at least in part on engineering experience and the finite element model as being a good indicator of fidelity of the finite element model to reality;

(c) determining a first set of theoretical coordinates of the first cardinal point, wherein the first set of theoretical coordinates are determined based at least in part on the finite element model for the first cardinal point;

(d) attaching at least one retroreflective target to the first cardinal point, wherein the retroreflective target attached to the first cardinal point has a known mechanical relationship and a known optical relationship with respect to the first cardinal point;

(e) measuring at least a first range from a first electronic distance measurement to the first cardinal point;

a second range from a second electronic distance measurement instrument to the first cardinal point, and a third range from a third electronic distance measurement instrument to the first cardinal point;

wherein the first electronic distance measurement instrument is at a first location, the second electronic distance measurement instrument is at a second location, the third electronic distance measurement instrument is at a third location;

the first location, the second location, and the third location are three different locations in a stable reference coordinate system; and

the measurements by the first, second, and third electronic distance measurement instruments are coordinated and time synchronized by a central processor;

(f) determining a first set of experimental coordinates of the first cardinal point, wherein the first set of experimental coordinates is determined at least in part based on the first range, the second range, and the third range;

(g) determining a first residual vector from the first set of theoretical coordinates to the first set of experimental coordinates; and

(h) determining at least a first structural health parameter of the pressure vessel based at least in part on the first residual vector, the coordination and time synchronization by the central processor, and the finite element model.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the first structural health parameter is based on a magnitude of the first residual vector.

15. The method of claim 13, wherein the first structural health parameter is based on a direction of the first residual vector.

16. The method of claim 13, wherein the programming of the finite element model is adjusted based at least in part on the first set of experimental coordinates.

17. The method of claim 13, further comprising steps of:

(a) identifying a second cardinal point on the pressure vessel based at least in part on engineering experience as being a good indicator of fidelity of the finite element model to reality;

(b) determining a second set of theoretical coordinates of the second cardinal point, wherein the second set of theoretical coordinates is determined based at least in part on the finite element model for the second cardinal point;

(c) attaching at least one retroreflective target to the second cardinal point, wherein the retroreflective target attached to the second cardinal point has a known mechanical relationship and a known optical relationship with respect to the second cardinal point;

(d) measuring at least a fourth range from the first electronic distance measurement to the second cardinal point, a fifth range from the second electronic distance measurement instrument to the second cardinal point, and a sixth range from the third electronic distance measurement instrument to the second cardinal point;

(e) determining a second set of experimental coordinates of the second cardinal point, wherein the second set of experimental coordinates is determined at least in part based on the fourth range, the fifth range, and the sixth ranged;

(f) determining a second residual vector from the second set of theoretical coordinates to the second set of experimental coordinates; and

(g) determining at least a second structural health parameter of the pressure vessel based at least in part on the second residual vector, the coordination and time synchronization by the central processor, and the finite element model.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein all of the steps of claim 13 and claim 17 are repeated for a plurality of load conditions for the pressure vessel.

19. The method of claim 17, wherein all of the steps of claim 13 and claim 17 are repeated for a plurality of stages of construction for the pressure vessel.

20. The method of claim 17, wherein all of the steps of claim 13 and claim 17 are repeated for a plurality of times, and wherein a period for the plurality of times is less than 0.5×

a period for a lowest natural frequency for the pressure vessel.

21. The method of claim 17, wherein the programming of the finite element model is adjusted based at least in part on the first set of experimental coordinates and the second set of experimental coordinates.

22. A method for measuring structural health of a pressure vessel, with steps comprising:

(a) identifying at least one characteristic behavior of the pressure vessel, wherein the characteristic behavior is based at least in part on a principle selected from the group consisting of linearity, symmetry, hysteresis, creep, vibration, damping coefficient, and combinations thereof;

(b) identifying a first cardinal point on the pressure vessel based at least in part on engineering experience as being a good indicator of fidelity of a model of the characteristic of the pressure vessel to reality;

(c) attaching at least one retroreflective target to the first cardinal point, wherein the retroreflective target attached to the first cardinal point has a known mechanical relationship and a known optical relationship with respect to the first cardinal point;

(d) measuring at least a first range from a first electronic distance measurement to the first cardinal point, a second range from a second electronic distance measurement instrument to the first cardinal point, and a third range from a third electronic distance measurement instrument to the first cardinal point;

wherein the first electronic distance measurement instrument is at a first location, the second electronic distance measurement instrument is at a second location, the third electronic distance measurement instrument is at a third location;

the first location, the second location, and the third location are three different locations in a stable reference coordinate system; and

the first, second, and third electronic distance measurement instruments are coordinated and time synchronized by a central processor;

(e) determining a first set of experimental coordinates of the first cardinal point, wherein the first set of experimental coordinates is determined at least in part based on the first range, the second range, and the third range;

(f) identifying a second cardinal point on the pressure vessel based at least in part on engineering experience as being a good indicator of fidelity of the model of the characteristic to reality;

(g) attaching at least one retroreflective target to the second cardinal point, wherein the retroreflective target attached to the second cardinal point has a known mechanical relationship and a known optical relationship with respect to the second cardinal point;

(h) measuring at least a fourth range from the first electronic distance measure-merit to the second cardinal point, a fifth range from the second electronic distance measurement instrument to the second cardinal point, and a sixth range from the third electronic distance measurement instrument to the second cardinal point;

(i) determining a second set of experimental coordinates of the second cardinal point, wherein the second set of experimental coordinates is determined at least in part based on the fourth range, the fifth range, and the sixth range;

(j) determining at least one structural health parameter of the pressure vessel based at least in part on the first set of experimental coordinates, the second set of experimental coordinates, the model of the characteristic, the coordination and time synchronization by the central processor, and the at least one characteristic behavior of the pressure vessel.

(k) wherein all of the steps are repeated for a plurality of times, and wherein a period for the plurality of times is less than 0.5 ×

a period for a lowest natural frequency for the pressure vessel.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein all of the steps are repeated for a plurality of load conditions for the pressure vessel.