Passive radio frequency identification (RFID) reader, passive RFID tag, and transmitting and receiving methods using extended pulse-interval encoding (PIE)

• US 9,355,286 B2
• Filed: 12/02/2014
• Issued: 05/31/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 12/05/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute
• Original Assignee: Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute
• Inventors: Mo, Sang Hyun, Kim, Hyun Seok, Han, Kyu Won, Jung, Jae Young, Park, Chan Won, Park, Hyung Chul, Pyo, Cheol Sig
• Primary Examiner(s): Odom, Curtis
• Application Number:
  US14/558,129
• Publication Number:
  US 20150161420A1
• Time in Patent Office: 546 Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/0723 the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/073 Special arrangements for circuits, e.g. for protecting identification code in memory protection against unauthorised use of computer memory G06F12/14
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/10198 setting parameters for the interrogator, e.g. programming parameters and operating modes
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/10297 arrangements for handling protocols designed for non-contact record carriers such as RFIDs NFCs, e.g. ISO/IEC 14443 and 18092 cryptographic protocols H04L9/00; network security protocols H04L63/00; real-time communication protocols in data switching networks H04L65/00; network protocols for data switching network services H04L67/00
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 25/4902 Pulse width modulation; Pulse position modulation

Abstract

An extended Pulse-Interval Encoding (PIE) modulating method in a Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) system, wherein the method modulates 2-bit transmitted data and comprises: adjusting a length of a symbol according to a value of the first bit of the transmitted data; and adjusting a length of an energy transfer waiting section according to a value of the second bit of the transmitted data.

Claims

1. A transmitting method using extended Pulse-Interval Encoding (PIE) in a Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) system, comprising:

configuring a transmitted frame including data to be transmitted to an RFID tag; and

encoding the data in the transmitted frame by two bits in one symbol section,

wherein the encoding comprises;

adjusting a length of a symbol according to a value of a first bit of 2-bit data to be encoded in each symbol section; and

adjusting a length of an energy transfer waiting section according to a value of a second bit of 2-bit data to be encoded in each symbol section.

2. The transmitting method of claim 1, wherein the adjusting of a length of a symbol comprises determining the length of the symbol to be 1 Tari, or to be greater than 1.5 Tari but less than 2 Tari.

3. The transmitting method of claim 2,

wherein the value of 1 Tari is between 6.25 us and 25 us, and the length of a symbol is determined to be 1 Tari in response to the first bit of ‘

0’

, and to be 1.5 Tari in response to the first bit of ‘

1’

,

wherein the adjusting of the length of an energy transfer waiting section comprises;

in response to the second bit of ‘

0’

, determining a length of the energy transfer waiting section as 0.525; and

in response to the second bit of ‘

1’

, determining a length of the energy transfer waiting section as MAX(0.265 Tari, 2 us).

4. The transmitting method of claim 1, wherein the adjusting of a length of an energy transfer waiting section comprises configuring the energy transfer waiting section to be as long as Pulse Width (PW) or longer or shorter than PW.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the configuring of a transmitted frame comprises:

determining whether a number of bits of valid data, which is a sum of a number of bits of a payload and a number of cyclical redundancy check (CRC) bits, is odd; and

in response to a determination that the number of bits of valid data is odd, adding a dummy bit to the payload.

6. The method of claim 1,

wherein the configuring of a transmitted frame comprises:

determining whether a number of bits of valid data, which is a sum of a number of bits of a payload and a number of CRC bits, is odd or even; and

adding an End-Of-Signaling bit that indicates a determination as to whether the number of bits of valid data is odd or even,

wherein the encoding further comprises encoding the valid data by two bits and encoding the End-of-Signaling bit in one symbol section.

7. A receiving method using Pulse-Interval Encoding (PIE) in a Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) system, comprising:

decoding a receiving signal from an RFID reader by two bits in each symbol section; and

configuring a received frame from received data generated by the decoding,

wherein the decoding comprises;

determining a first bit of the received data according to a length of a symbol of the received signal; and

determining a second bit of the received data according to a length of an energy transfer waiting section of the received signal.

8. The receiving method of claim 7, wherein the determining of a first bit comprises:

calculating an average length of symbols of two or more received signals;

determining whether a length of the symbol of the received signal is longer than the average length of symbols; and

determining a value of the first bit of the received data according to a determination as to whether a length of the symbol of the received signal is longer than the average length of symbols.

9. The receiving method of claim 8, wherein the determining of a second bit comprises:

calculating an average length of energy transfer waiting sections of two or more receiving signals;

determining whether the length of the energy transfer waiting section of the received signal is greater or smaller than the average length of energy transfer waiting sections; and

determining a value of the second bit according to a determination as to length of the energy transfer waiting section of the received signal is greater or smaller than the average length of energy transfer waiting sections.

10. The receiving method of claim 7,

wherein the decoding further comprises an End-of-Signaling bit, which is a last bit of the received signal, in one symbol section,

wherein the configuring of the received frame comprises:

determining whether a number of bits of valid data, which is a sum of a number of bits of a payload and a number of cyclical redundancy check (CRC) bits, is odd according to a value of the End-of-Signaling bit; and

in response to a determination that the number of bits of valid data is odd, interpreting the last bit of the payload to be an dummy bit.

11. A passive Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) reader comprising:

a transmitted frame configuring component configured to configure a transmitted frame including data to be transmitted to an RFID tag; and

an encoder configured to encode transmitted data of at least two bits in the transmitted frame by two bits in one symbol section,

wherein the encoder is further configured to comprise;

a symbol length adjuster configured to adjust a length of a symbol according to a value of a first bit of 2-bit data to be encoded in each symbol section; and

an energy transfer waiting section length adjuster configured to adjust a length of an energy transfer waiting section length according to a value of a second bit of the 2-bit data to be encoded in each symbol section.

12. The passive RFID reader of claim 11, wherein the symbol length adjuster is further configured to configure the length of a symbol according to the value of the first bit to be 1 Tari, or to be greater than 1.5 Tari but less than 2 Tari.

13. The passive RFID reader of claim 11, wherein the energy transfer waiting section length adjuster is further configured to configure the energy transfer waiting section to be as long as Pulse Width (PW) or to be longer or shorter than PW.

14. The passive RFID reader of claim 12,

wherein a value of 1 Tari is used between 6.25 us and 25 us,

wherein the symbol length adjuster is further configured to:

in response to the transmitted data with the first bit of ‘

0’

, determine the length of a symbol to be ′

Tari; and

in response to the transmitted data with the first bit of ‘

1’

, determine the length of a symbol to be 1.5 Tari,

wherein the energy transfer waiting section length adjuster is further configured to;

in response to the transmitted data with the second bit of ‘

0’

, determine the length of the energy transfer waiting section to be 0.525 Tari; and

in response to the transmitted data with the second bit of ‘

1’

, determine the length of the energy transfer waiting section to be MAX(0.265 Tari, 2 us).

15. The passive RFID reader of claim 11, wherein the transmitted frame configuring component is further configured to add a dummy bit to a payload in a case where a number of bits of valid data, which is a sum of a number of bits of the payload and a number of cyclical redundancy check (CRC) bits, is odd.

16. The passive RFID reader of claim 11,

wherein the transmitted frame configuring component is further configured to add an End-of-Signaling bit that indicates whether where a number of bits of valid data, which is a sum of a number of bits of a payload and a number of CRC bits, is odd,

wherein the encoder is further configured to, encoding the valid data by two bits and encoding the End-of-Signaling bit in one symbol section.

17. A passive Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) tag using Pulse-Interval Encoding (PIE), comprising:

a decoder configured to decode a signal received from an RFID reader by two bits in each symbol section; and

a received frame configuring component configured to configure a received frame from received data generated by the decoding,

wherein the decoder is further configured to comprise;

a first bit determiner configured to determine a first bit of the received data according to a length of a symbol of the received signal; and

a second bit determiner configured to determine a second bit of the received data according to a length of an energy transfer waiting section of the received signal.

18. The passive RFID tag of claim 17, wherein the first bit determiner is further configured to comprise:

a symbol length calculator configured to calculate the length of the symbol of the received signal;

a first average calculator configured to calculate an average length of symbols of two or more received signals; and

a first determiner configured to determine a value of the first bit according to a determination as to whether the length of the symbol of the received signal is greater than the average length of symbols of the two or more received signals.

19. The passive RFID tag of claim 17, wherein the second bit determiner is further configured to comprise:

an energy transfer waiting section length calculator configured to calculate the length of the energy transfer waiting section of the received signal;

a second average calculator configured to calculate an average length of energy transfer waiting sections of two or more received signals; and

a second determiner configured to determine a value of the second bit by determining as to whether the length of the energy transfer waiting section of the received signal is greater than the average length of energy transfer waiting sections of the two or more received signals.

20. The passive RFID tag of claim 17,

wherein the decoder is further configured to decode an End-of-Signaling bit, which is a last bit of the received signal, in one symbol section,

wherein the received frame configuring component is further configured to interpret a last bit of a payload to be a dummy bit in a case where a number of bits of valid data, which is a sum of a number of bits of the payload and a number of CRC bits, is odd.