System, devices and method for charging a battery of an electric vehicle

• US 9,371,008 B2
• Filed: 03/03/2011
• Issued: 06/21/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 03/05/2010
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: ABB BV (ABB Limited)
• Original Assignee: ABB BV (ABB Limited)
• Inventors: Bouman, Crijn
• Primary Examiner(s): Williams, Arun
• Application Number:
  US13/582,938
• Publication Number:
  US 20130049677A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,937 Days
• Field of Search: 320/106
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 1/003 to auxiliary motors, e.g. for pumps, compressors
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 1/02 to electric heating circuits
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2210/12 Buck converters
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2210/20 AC to AC converters
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2210/30 AC to DC converters
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/70 Interactions with external data bases, e.g. traffic centres
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/11 DC charging controlled by the charging station, e.g. mode 4
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/14 Conductive energy transfer
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/305 Communication interfaces
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/63 in response to network capacity
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/64 Optimising energy costs, e.g. responding to electricity rates
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/65 involving identification of vehicles or their battery types
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 55/00 Arrangements for supplying energy stored within a vehicle to a power network, i.e. vehicle-to-grid [V2G] arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/20 having different nominal voltages
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2207/40 adapted for charging from various sources, e.g. AC, DC or multivoltage
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/00 Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/72 Electric energy management in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/12 Electric charging stations
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/14 : Plug-in electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/16 : Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/167 : Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles, i.e. smartgrids as interface for battery charging of electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 10/126 : the energy generation units being or involving electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV], i.e. power aggregation of EV or HEV, vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G]
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 30/14 : Details associated with the interoperability, e.g. vehicle recognition, authentication, identification or billing

Abstract

Energy exchange station for a battery of an electric vehicle, comprising at least one power output for a vehicle, means for determining whether a vehicle coupled to the at least one power output is able to be charged with an AC voltage and/or a DC voltage, a plurality of power inputs, comprising at least one AC power input; and at least one DC power input and at least one controllable switch, for switching the at least one power output to any of the power inputs a controller for the switch, for controlling the switch at least based on the determination.

Claims

1. Energy exchange station for a battery of at least one electric vehicle, the energy exchange station comprising:

at least one power output for a vehicle;

at least one data communication port for communication with an electric vehicle and that determines which among an AC voltage, a DC voltage, or an AC voltage and a DC voltage, a vehicle is able to be charged with;

a plurality of power supplies, comprising

at least one AC power supply; and

at least one DC power supply;

a controller, for controlling power supplied from the AC power supply and/or DC power supply to the at least one power output, wherein

at least one controllable switch is provided for coupling the at least one power output to any of the plurality of power supplies;

wherein the controller controls the switch at least based on the determination via the data communication port and the energy exchange station is external to the at least one electric vehicle, and

wherein the controller is coupled to the at least one data communication port for communication with the electric vehicle.

2. An energy exchange station according to claim 1, wherein the at least one data communication port is used to control an onboard charger of vehicles during operation.

3. An energy exchange station according to claim 1, wherein the at least one data communication port is configured for communication with a communication system in a vehicle during operation.

4. An energy exchange station according to claim 1, wherein the at least one data communication port is configured for communication by:

binary signaling, serial data communication, power line communication, PWM signaling, wireless communication, CAN-bus communication, communication over ethernet or communication according to a data communication protocol.

5. An energy exchange station according to claim 1, wherein:

the at least one data communication port for determining is configured for detecting a presence of an on-board battery charger of a vehicle; and

wherein the controller is configured to switch the output to an AC power supply when an on-board battery charger is detected; and

wherein

the controller is configured to switch the output to a DC power supply when a direct connection to the battery is determined.

6. An energy exchange station according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to switch to the AC power supply after an interval of being switched to the DC power supply, to firstly charge a battery fast on DC power, and to secondly continue charging the battery slower on AC power.

7. An energy exchange station according to claim 1, configured to output AC power and DC power simultaneously.

8. An energy exchange station according to claim 7, wherein the AC and DC power are delivered to a same output, for charging a battery of a vehicle directly with DC power, and via an on-board battery charger with AC power indirectly.

9. An energy exchange station according to claim 1, wherein the DC power supply comprises:

a power converter, for delivering a switched DC power.

10. An energy exchange station according to claim 1, wherein controlling of the at least one controllable switch is based on external parameters, such as power available at at least one of the power inputs, and/or power required from electric vehicles at further power outputs.

11. An energy exchange station according to claim 1, wherein controlling the at least one controllable switch is performed based on input by a data processing device, such as an external decision making facility.

12. An energy exchange station according to claim 1, configured to control a charging power of an on-board charger via a data communication connection with a vehicle.

13. An energy exchange station according to claim 1, comprising:

a connector for connecting a vehicle to the output, the connector being configured for both AC and DC power transfer.

14. An energy exchange station according to claim 1, wherein data communication is performed over at least some pins of a connector used for exchanging AC and/or DC power, by superimposing a communications signal onto a power exchange.

15. An energy exchange station according to claim 1, comprising a power connector, configured for:

exchanging multi-phase AC power via multiple power contacts of the power connector when a vehicle is charged with AC power; and

exchanging DC power via at least two contacts of said power connector when charging a vehicle with DC power.

16. An energy exchange station according to claim 15, wherein exchanging DC power takes place via two sets of contacts, each set comprising:

at least one contact used for AC power exchange.

17. An energy exchange station according to claim 15, wherein data communication is performed over at least some pins used for exchanging AC and/or DC power.

18. An energy exchange station according to claim 15, wherein the power connector comprises:

at least a connection for data transfer.

19. An energy exchange station according to claim 15, wherein the power connector comprises:

a pair of connectors for data transfer, configured to be shortcut when a vehicle is configured for AC charging.

20. An electric vehicle, configured for being charged via the energy exchange station according to claim 1, the vehicle comprising:

a battery;

an on-board charger;

a power input, for receiving charging power;

a switch, for coupling the power input directly to the battery or via the on-board charger to the battery;

a controller, for controlling the switch; and

data communication means, for communicating suitable charging protocols for the vehicle to the exchange station.

21. A vehicle according to claim 20, wherein a determination of presence of AC or DC is enabled via the data communication means of the vehicle and the energy exchange station, and wherein the controller is configured to couple the power input to the charger when an AC power is determined to be present at the power supply, and to the battery when a DC power is determined to be present at the power input.

22. Method for charging a battery of an electric vehicle, comprising:

determining which among an AC voltage, a DC voltage, or an AC voltage and a DC voltage, a vehicle coupled to a power output is able to be charged with;

switching the power output to either an AC power input or a DC power input based on the determination;

switchinq the power output to the AC power input when a presence of an on-board charger is determined; and

switchinq the power output to the DC power input when no on-board charqer is determined to be present.

23. Method according to claim 22, wherein the determining comprises:

switching the power output to the DC power input when a direct connection to the battery is available; and

switching the power output to the AC power input when no direct connection to the battery can be made, and an on-board charger is determined to be present.

24. Method according to claim 22, wherein controlling a switch is performed based on input by a data processing device.