Method and apparatus for low-power, long-range networking

• US 9,379,808 B2
• Filed: 05/22/2015
• Issued: 06/28/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 10/06/2010
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Multi-Flex Circuits Pty., Ltd.
• Original Assignee: Blackbird Technology Holdings, Inc (Haystack Technologies, Inc.)
• Inventors: Norair, John Peter
• Primary Examiner(s): O CONNOR, BRIAN T
• Application Number:
  US14/719,401
• Publication Number:
  US 20150349878A1
• Time in Patent Office: 403 Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/2656 for structure of frame, burst
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 41/0695 the faulty arrangement being the maintenance, administration or management system
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 43/16 Threshold monitoring
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 40/244 using a network of reference devices, e.g. beaconing
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 48/16 Discovering, processing access restriction or access information
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 72/02 Selection of wireless resources by user or terminal
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 72/0446 Resources in time domain, e.g. slots or frames
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 72/23 in the downlink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards a terminal
• CPC Class Codes: Y02D 30/70 in wireless communication networks

Abstract

An endpoint device may be operable to transmit and receive data wirelessly via a medium to which access is time-division multiplexed into a plurality of repeating windows. A first window of the plurality of repeating windows may be time-division multiplexed into a plurality of timeslots utilized for transmitting beacon signals. A second window of the plurality of repeating windows may be time-division multiplexed into a plurality of timeslots utilized for transmitting alarm signals. The endpoint may be assigned one of the first timeslots and, when an alarm condition is present, select one of the second timeslots for transmitting an alarm signal based on the assigned first timeslot, and based on a hash function. The endpoint may then transmit an alarm signal during the second timeslot. The endpoint may be operable to synchronize its local clock by listening to beacons transmitted by other endpoints.

Claims

1. A system comprising:

a plurality of sensors configured to communicate over a shared wireless medium, wherein;

access to said medium is time-division multiplexed into three cyclically repeating windows;

a first of said windows is reserved for connectionless beacons;

a second of said windows is reserved for connectionless alarm signals;

a third of said windows is an open access window available for bidirectional communications among said plurality of sensors; and

a particular sensor of said plurality of sensors is operable to transmit a packet on said wireless medium, wherein said packet comprises a fore chirp portion, a data portion, and a post-chirp portion.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein:

said first of said windows is time-division multiplexed into a plurality of first timeslots; and

said second of said windows is time-division multiplexed into a plurality of second timeslots.

3. The system of claim 2, comprising an electronic device operable to:

communicate with said plurality of sensors over said wireless medium; and

manage access to said wireless medium by said plurality of sensors.

4. The system of claim 3, wherein said management of access to said wireless medium comprises assignment of occurrences of one or more of said first timeslots and/or occurrences of one or more of said second timeslots among said plurality of sensors.

5. The system of claim 2, wherein each one of said first plurality of timeslots is assigned to a respective one of said plurality of sensors.

6. The system of claim 2, wherein said electronic device is operable to assign any particular one of said second timeslots to one of said plurality of said sensors only upon detection of an alarm condition by said one of said plurality of sensors.

7. The system of claim 2, wherein the number of said first timeslots in said plurality of first timeslots is equal to the number of said sensors in said plurality of sensors.

8. The system of claim 2, wherein the number of said second timeslots in said plurality of second timeslots is less than the number of sensors in said plurality of sensors.

9. The system of claim 1, wherein said data portion comprises a device ID field that identifies said particular sensor of said plurality of sensors.

10. The system of claim 1, wherein said data portion comprises a duration field which indicates an amount of time since a last assignment of one of said first timeslots to said particular sensor of said plurality of sensors.

11. The system of claim 1, wherein said data portion comprises a shift magnitude field which indicates magnitude of a clock adjustment performed by said particular sensor of said plurality of sensors.

12. A system claim 1, wherein said data portion comprises a shift period field which indicates a number of occurrences of said first of said windows between successive adjustments of a clock of said particular sensor of said plurality of sensors.

13. The system of claim 1, wherein each of said plurality of sensors is operable to operate in a non-alarm mode of operation and an alarm mode of operation.

14. The system of claim 13, wherein, while operating is said non-alarm mode of operation, a particular sensor of said plurality of sensors is operable to:

transmit beacons during one of said first timeslots assigned to said particular sensor;

resynchronize a clock of said particular sensor to a network clock; and

transmit and receive data during occurrences of said third window.

15. The system of claim 13, wherein, while operating in said alarm mode of operation, a particular sensor of said plurality of sensors is operable to:

determine which one of said second timeslots to use for transmission of an alarm signal; and

transmit an alarm signal on said determined one of said second timeslots.

16. The system of claim 15, wherein said particular sensor of said plurality of sensors is operable to determine said one of said second timeslots with use of a hash function.

17. The system of claim 16, wherein an identifier of one of said first timeslots assigned to said particular one of said plurality of sensors is an input to said hash function.

18. A system comprising:

a plurality of sensors configured to communicate over a shared wireless medium, wherein;

access to said medium is time-division multiplexed into three cyclically repeating windows;

a first of said windows is reserved for connectionless beacons;

a second of said windows is reserved for connectionless alarm signals;

a third of said windows is an open access window available for bidirectional communications among said plurality of sensors; and

said data portion comprises a shift period field which indicates a number of occurrences of said first of said windows between successive adjustments of a clock of said particular sensor of said plurality of sensors.

19. The system of claim 18, wherein:

said first of said windows is time-division multiplexed into a plurality of first timeslots; and

said second of said windows is time-division multiplexed into a plurality of second timeslots.

20. The system of claim 19, comprising an electronic device operable to:

communicate with said plurality of sensors over said wireless medium; and

manage access to said wireless medium by said plurality of sensors.

21. The system of claim 20, wherein said management of access to said wireless medium comprises assignment of occurrences of one or more of said first timeslots and/or occurrences of one or more of said second timeslots among said plurality of sensors.

22. The system of claim 19, wherein each one of said first plurality of timeslots is assigned to a respective one of said plurality of sensors.

23. The system of claim 19, wherein said electronic device is operable to assign any particular one of said second timeslots to one of said plurality of said sensors only upon detection of an alarm condition by said one of said plurality of sensors.

24. The system of claim 19, wherein the number of said first timeslots in said plurality of first timeslots is equal to the number of said sensors in said plurality of sensors.

25. The system of claim 19, wherein the number of said second timeslots in said plurality of second timeslots is less than the number of sensors in said plurality of sensors.

26. The system of claim 18, wherein:

a particular sensor of said plurality of sensors is operable to transmit a packet on said wireless medium, wherein said packet comprises a fore chirp portion, a data portion, and a post-chirp portion; and

said data portion comprises a device ID field that identifies said particular sensor of said plurality of sensors.

27. The system of claim 18, wherein:

a particular sensor of said plurality of sensors is operable to transmit a packet on said wireless medium, wherein said packet comprises a fore chirp portion, a data portion, and a post-chirp portion; and

said data portion comprises a duration field which indicates an amount of time since a last assignment of one of said first timeslots to said particular sensor of said plurality of sensors.

28. The system of claim 18, wherein:

a particular sensor of said plurality of sensors is operable to transmit a packet on said wireless medium, wherein said packet comprises a fore chirp portion, a data portion, and a post-chirp portion; and

said data portion comprises a shift magnitude field which indicates magnitude of a clock adjustment performed by said particular sensor of said plurality of sensors.

29. The system of claim 18, wherein each of said plurality of sensors is operable to operate in a non-alarm mode of operation and an alarm mode of operation.

30. The system of claim 29, wherein, while operating is said non-alarm mode of operation, a particular sensor of said plurality of sensors is operable to:

transmit beacons during one of said first timeslots assigned to said particular sensor;

resynchronize a clock of said particular sensor to a network clock; and

transmit and receive data during occurrences of said third window.

31. The system of claim 29, wherein, while operating in said alarm mode of operation, a particular sensor of said plurality of sensors is operable to:

determine which one of said second timeslots to use for transmission of an alarm signal; and

transmit an alarm signal on said determined one of said second timeslots.

32. The system of claim 31, wherein said particular sensor of said plurality of sensors is operable to determine said one of said second timeslots with use of a hash function.

33. The system of claim 32, wherein an identifier of one of said first timeslots assigned to said particular one of said plurality of sensors is an input to said hash function.

34. A system comprising:

a plurality of sensors configured to communicate over a shared wireless medium, wherein;

access to said medium is time-division multiplexed into three cyclically repeating windows;

a first of said windows is reserved for connectionless beacons;

a second of said windows is reserved for connectionless alarm signals;

a third of said windows is an open access window available for bidirectional communications among said plurality of sensors;

each of said plurality of sensors is operable to operate in a non-alarm mode of operation and an alarm mode of operation; and

while operating is said non-alarm mode of operation, a particular sensor of said plurality of sensors is operable to;

transmit beacons during one of said first timeslots assigned to said particular sensor;

resynchronize a clock of said particular sensor to a network clock; and

transmit and receive data during occurrences of said third window.

35. The system of claim 34, wherein:

said first of said windows is time-division multiplexed into a plurality of first timeslots; and

said second of said windows is time-division multiplexed into a plurality of second timeslots.

36. The system of claim 35, comprising an electronic device operable to:

communicate with said plurality of sensors over said wireless medium; and

manage access to said wireless medium by said plurality of sensors.

37. The system of claim 36, wherein said management of access to said wireless medium comprises assignment of occurrences of one or more of said first timeslots and/or occurrences of one or more of said second timeslots among said plurality of sensors.

38. The system of claim 35, wherein each one of said first plurality of timeslots is assigned to a respective one of said plurality of sensors.

39. The system of claim 35, wherein said electronic device is operable to assign any particular one of said second timeslots to one of said plurality of said sensors only upon detection of an alarm condition by said one of said plurality of sensors.

40. The system of claim 35, wherein the number of said first timeslots in said plurality of first timeslots is equal to the number of said sensors in said plurality of sensors.

41. The system of claim 35, wherein the number of said second timeslots in said plurality of second timeslots is less than the number of sensors in said plurality of sensors.

42. The system of claim 34, wherein:

a particular sensor of said plurality of sensors is operable to transmit a packet on said wireless medium, wherein said packet comprises a fore chirp portion, a data portion, and a post-chirp portion; and

said data portion comprises a device ID field that identifies said particular sensor of said plurality of sensors.

43. The system of claim 34, wherein:

a particular sensor of said plurality of sensors is operable to transmit a packet on said wireless medium, wherein said packet comprises a fore chirp portion, a data portion, and a post-chirp portion; and

said data portion comprises a duration field which indicates an amount of time since a last assignment of one of said first timeslots to said particular sensor of said plurality of sensors.

44. The system of claim 34, wherein:

a particular sensor of said plurality of sensors is operable to transmit a packet on said wireless medium, wherein said packet comprises a fore chirp portion, a data portion, and a post-chirp portion; and

said data portion comprises a shift magnitude field which indicates magnitude of a clock adjustment performed by said particular sensor of said plurality of sensors.

45. The system of claim 44, wherein, while operating in said alarm mode of operation, a particular sensor of said plurality of sensors is operable to:

determine which one of said second timeslots to use for transmission of an alarm signal; and

transmit an alarm signal on said determined one of said second timeslots.

46. The system of claim 45, wherein said particular sensor of said plurality of sensors is operable to determine said one of said second timeslots with use of a hash function.

47. The system of claim 46, wherein an identifier of one of said first timeslots assigned to said particular one of said plurality of sensors is an input to said hash function.