Boost converter stage switch controller

• US 9,385,598 B2
• Filed: 06/12/2014
• Issued: 07/05/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 06/12/2014
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Signify Holding B.V. (Signify N.V.)
• Original Assignee: Koninklijke Philips N.V.
• Inventors: Wang, Kan, Kost, Michael A., King, Eric J., Melanson, John L., McFarland, James P.
• Primary Examiner(s): Chang, Daniel D
• Application Number:
  US14/303,068
• Publication Number:
  US 20150364993A1
• Time in Patent Office: 754 Days
• Field of Search: 315/209.R, 315/219, 315/223, 315/254, 315/276, 315/307
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/156 with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 45/00 Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 45/38 using boost topology
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 45/382 with galvanic isolation between input and output
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 20/30 Semiconductor lamps, e.g. solid state lamps [SSL] light emitting diodes [LED] or organic LED [OLED]

Abstract

A low voltage lamp includes a boost converter stage and a load. The load may include low voltage light producing elements including low voltage light emitting diodes. The boost converter stage receives an electronic transformer output and includes an inductor coupled to a switch and a switch controller that receives one or more controller inputs. Inductor current may be returned to the transformer when the switch is closed and provided to a rectifier coupled to the load when the switch is open. Controller inputs may include a transformer input that receives the transformer output, a sense input indicating switch current, and a load input indicating load voltage. Controller logic may synchronize assertions of a control signal for the switch with edge transitions of the transformer output to maintain peak inductor current within a specified range and to selectively transfer stored energy in the inductor to the load or back to the transformer.

Claims

1. A switch controller, comprising:

a set of one or more controller inputs, including;

a transformer input configured to receive a transformer signal from an electronic transformer; and

controller logic configured to;

detect edge transitions of the transformer signal;

generate a switch control signal for a switch configured to influence a current path of an inductor current of an inductor coupled to the electronic transformer; and

synchronize assertions of a switch control signal with the edge transitions.

2. The switch controller of claim 1, wherein the inductor current flows through the switch as switch current and returns to the electronic transformer when the switch is closed.

3. The switch controller of claim 2, wherein the inductor current is rectified and provided to a load when the switch is open.

4. The switch controller of claim 3, wherein, following assertion of the switch control signal, the inductor current increases approximately linearly at a rate determined in accordance with a voltage of the transformer signal and an inductance of the inductor.

5. The switch controller of claim 4, wherein the controller logic is configured to delay assertions of the switch control signal after edge transitions of the transformer signal by delay interval, wherein the delay interval results in a peak inductor current wherein the peak inductor current is greater than a minimum peak inductor current threshold and less than a maximum inductor current threshold.

6. The switch controller of claim 3, wherein:

the controller inputs include a sense input configured to receive a sense signal indicative of the switch current; and

the controller logic is configured to control the switch control signal in further accordance with the sense signal.

7. The switch controller of claim 6, wherein:

the controller inputs include a load input configured to receive a load signal indicative of a load voltage; and

the controller logic is configured to control the switch control signal in further accordance with the load signal.

8. The switch controller of claim 7, the controller logic is configured to assert the switch control signal once per half-period of the transformer signal.

9. The switch controller of claim 8, wherein the controller logic is configured to assert the switch control signal preceding a positive to negative edge transition of the transformer signal by a minimum interval, wherein the minimum interval is determined in accordance with a minimum peak inductor current threshold.

10. The switch controller of claim 9, wherein the controller logic is configured to assert the switch control signal preceding a positive to negative edge transition by a maximum period, wherein the maximum period is determined in accordance with a maximum inductor current threshold.

11. The switch controller of claim 8, wherein the controller logic is configured to de-assert the switch control signal following a positive to negative edge transition of the transformer signal.

12. The switch controller of claim 11, wherein the controller logic is configured to de-assert the switch control signal following the positive to negative edge transition in accordance with a triggering value of the sense signal.

13. The switch controller of claim 12, wherein the triggering value of the sense signal is indicative of zero inductor current.

14. The switch controller of claim 12, wherein the triggering value of the sense signal corresponds to a positive value of the inductor current and the triggering value is transferred to a load circuit.

15. The switch controller of claim 7, wherein the controller logic is configured to assert and de-assert the switch control signal multiple times per half-period of the transformer signal.

16. The switch controller of claim 15, wherein the controller logic includes a multi-pulse enable input configured to prevent multiple assertions of the switch control signal in a single half-period of the transformer signal until detecting the sense signal above a specified threshold.

17. The switch controller of claim 15, wherein the controller logic is configured to first assert the switch control signal preceding a positive to negative edge transition by a multi-pulse interval, wherein the multi-pulse interval includes a charging interval and a dissipation interval, wherein the charging interval is sufficient to charge the inductor in accordance with a minimum peak inductor current threshold and wherein the dissipation interval is sufficient to encompass a plurality of dissipation cycles.

18. The switch controller of claim 17, wherein each of the dissipation cycles includes a de-assertion of the switch control signal for a first duration and an assertion of the switch control signal for a second duration.

19. The switch controller of claim 17, wherein the controller logic is configured to determine a duration of the multi-pulse interval in accordance with the load signal.

20. The switch controller of claim 7, wherein the controller logic is configured to:

initialize to an on state with the switch control signal asserted; and

monitor an oscillation signal indicating the transformer oscillating and an edge signal indicating an edge transition of the transformer signal.

21. The switch controller of claim 20, wherein the controller logic is configured to:

respond, to detecting the oscillation signal and the edge signal both asserted while in the on state by;

de-asserting the switch control signal;

transitioning to an edge state; and

monitoring a compare low signal indicative of the sense signal below a low threshold.

22. The switch controller of claim 21, wherein the controller logic is configured to:

respond to detecting the compare low signal asserted while in the edge state by;

clearing an off counter;

transitioning to an off state; and

monitoring an off timeout signal indicative of the off counter exceeding a maximum threshold.

23. The switch controller of claim 22, wherein the controller logic is configured to:

respond to detecting the off timeout signal while in the off state by;

asserting the switch control signal; and

transitioning to the on state.

24. The switch controller of claim 22, wherein the controller logic is configured to:

respond, while in the off state, to detecting the oscillation signal and a compare high signal both asserted, by;

de-asserting the switch control signal;

clearing a continuous current mode off counter;

transitioning to a continuous current mode off state; and

monitoring the continuous current mode off counter indicative of a duration of the continuous current mode off state.

25. The switch controller of claim 24, wherein the controller logic is configured to:

respond, while in the continuous current mode off state, to detecting the continuous current mode off counter exceeding a continuous current mode off threshold by;

asserting the switch control signal;

clearing a continuous current mode on counter; and

transitioning to a continuous current mode on state.

26. The switch controller of claim 25, wherein the controller logic is configured to:

respond, while in the continuous current mode on state to detecting the compare high signal by;

de-asserting the switch control signal;

clearing the continuous current mode off counter; and

transitioning to the continuous current mode off state; and

respond, while in the continuous current mode on state, to detecting the continuous current mode on counter exceeding a continuous current mode on threshold and the compare low signal not asserted by;

de-asserting the switch control signal;

clearing the off counter; and

transitioning to the off state.

27. The switch controller of claim 7, wherein the controller logic includes:

a first comparator configured to generate the compare high signal in accordance with the sense signal and a high reference voltage signal; and

a second comparator configured to generate the compare low signal in accordance with the sense signal and a low reference voltage signal.

28. The switch controller of claim 27, wherein the controller logic includes:

an oscillation detector configured to generate the oscillation signal in accordance with the compare low signal, wherein the oscillation signal initializes to a true value and remains true unless the compare low signal is deasserted for a duration exceeding a predetermined interval.

29. A low voltage apparatus suitable for use with an electronic transformer configured to generate a transformer output signal including a transformer output current and a transformer output voltage, the low voltage apparatus comprising:

a boost converter stage comprising;

an inductor configured to receive the transformer output current as an inductor current;

a rectifier configured to generate a rectified current by rectifying the inductor current;

a switch configured to influence a current path of the rectified current in accordance with a switch control signal; and

a controller, comprising;

at least one controller input, including;

a transformer input configured to receive the transformer output voltage; and

controller logic configured to synchronize transitions of the switch control signal with transformer output transitions indicated by the transformer input.

30. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the boost converter stage further includes:

a capacitor connected across an output of the boost converter stage;

a diode including an anode connected to the switch node and a cathode connected to a first terminal of the boost converter stage output; and

wherein the switch includes a first output terminal connected to the switch node and wherein the switch is configured to draw a switch current from the switch node, wherein the switch current is approximately equal to;

the rectified current when the switch control signal is asserted; and

zero when the switch control signal is not asserted.

31. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein the controller logic is configured to synchronize the switch control signal with the transformer output transitions wherein a peak inductor current is greater than a minimum peak inductor current threshold and less than a maximum inductor current limit.

32. A switch control method, comprising:

receiving a set of one or more controller inputs, wherein the controller inputs include a transformer output of an electronic transformer; and

generating a switch control signal based, at least in part, on the controller inputs, wherein the switch control signal is configured to control a conductive state of a switch configured to influence a current path of a rectified current generated by a rectifier configured to rectify an inductor current of an inductor coupled to the transformer output; and

synchronizing assertions of the switch control signal with transitions of the transformer output.

33. The method of claim 32, wherein generating the switch control signal includes:

initializing to an off state with the switch control signal asserted;

monitoring an oscillation signal indicating the transformer oscillating, an edge signal indicating an edge transition of the transformer output, a compare high signal indicating an inductor current in compliance with a maximum inductor current threshold, and a compare low signal indicating an inductor current in compliance with a minimum peak inductor current threshold; and

responding, while in the off state, to detecting the oscillation signal and the compare high signal both asserted, by;

de-asserting the switch control signal;

clearing a continuous current mode off counter indicative of a duration of a continuous current mode off state; and

transitioning to the continuous current mode off state.

34. The method of claim 33, further comprising:

responding, while in the continuous current mode off state, to detecting the continuous current mode off counter exceeding a continuous current mode off threshold by;

asserting the switch control signal;

clearing a continuous current mode on counter indicative of a duration of a continuous current mode on state; and

transitioning to the continuous current mode on state.

35. The apparatus of claim 34, further comprising:

responding, while in the continuous current mode on state to detecting the compare high signal by;

de-asserting the switch control signal;

clearing the continuous current mode off counter; and

transitioning to the continuous current mode off state; and

responding, while in the continuous current mode on state, to detecting;

the continuous current mode on counter exceeding a continuous current mode off threshold; and

the compare low signal not asserted;

by transitioning to the off state.