Power management in a network of stationary battery powered control, automation, monitoring and protection devices

• US 9,386,529 B2
• Filed: 09/06/2012
• Issued: 07/05/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 09/06/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Incorporated
• Inventors: Swartzendruber, Ryan W., Feight, Laurence V.
• Primary Examiner(s): Pasia, Redentor
• Assistant Examiner(s): Mak, Peter
• Application Number:
  US13/605,679
• Publication Number:
  US 20140064162A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,398 Days
• Field of Search: 375/145
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 52/0261 managing power supply demand, e.g. depending on battery level
• CPC Class Codes: Y02D 30/70 in wireless communication networks

Abstract

A faulted circuit indicator periodically joins a network to report information and receive commands. The faulted circuit indicator optimizes the transmit power used to join the network so that an acceptable network acquisition time and/or robust routing through multiple nodes are obtained.

Claims

1. A method operating within a faulted circuit indicator for use with a power monitoring network, the faulted circuit indicator comprising a microcontroller and a timer controlled by the microcontroller, the method comprising the steps of:

i) initializing a transmit power setting, wherein the step of initializing comprises;

evaluating a faulted circuit indicator message packet; and

,

when the message packet comprises electric power network fault information, initializing the transmit power setting as the maximum power setting;

ii) broadcasting a join network request packet at the transmit power setting to a plurality of network nodes;

iii) starting the timer that includes a maximum wait time;

iv) while the timer runs, waiting for reception of a join network acknowledgement packet from a network node of the plurality of network nodes;

v) incrementing the transmit power setting when a maximum wait time elapses before receipt of the join network acknowledgement packet from the network node of the plurality of network nodes; and

vi) repeating steps ii-v until the join network acknowledgement packet is received by the faulted circuit indicator.

2. The method of claim 1 further comprising the steps of:

vii) determining a power source for the faulted circuit indicator; and

viii) when the power source is a battery, sending a message packet at the transmit power setting; and

ix) when the power source is not a battery, sending a message packet at a power higher than the transmit power setting.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of storing the transmit power setting once the join network acknowledgement is received.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the step of initializing a transmit power setting comprises retrieving the stored transmit power setting.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is performed only when power is available to the faulted circuit indicator from one selected from a group consisting of:

a continuous power source, an intermittent power source, a rechargeable power source, and combinations thereof.

6. A method operating within a faulted circuit indicator for use with a power monitoring network, the faulted circuit indicator comprising a microcontroller and a timer controlled by the microcontroller, the method comprising the steps of:

i) initializing a transmit power setting, wherein the step of initializing comprises;

evaluating a faulted circuit indicator message packet; and

,

when the message packet comprises electric power network fault information, initializing the transmit power setting as the maximum power setting;

ii) broadcasting a join network request packet to a plurality of network nodes;

iii) starting the timer that includes a maximum wait time;

iv) while the timer runs, waiting for a reception of a join network acknowledgement packet from a network node of the plurality of network nodes;

(1) when a maximum wait time elapses before reception of the join network acknowledgement packet from the network node, incrementing the transmit power setting and repeating steps ii-iv; and

(2) when the join network acknowledgement packet is received, comparing an elapsed time to a network acquisition time metric; and

(a) when the elapsed time satisfies the network acquisition time metric, joining the power monitoring network; and

,

(b) when the elapsed time does not satisfy the network acquisition time metric, incrementing the transmit power setting and repeating steps ii-iv.

7. The method of claim 6 further comprising the steps of:

v) determining a power source for the faulted circuit indicator; and

,

vi) when the power source is a battery, sending a message packet at the transmit power setting; and

,

vii) when the power source is not a battery, sending a message packet at a power higher than the transmit power setting.

8. The method of claim 6 further comprising the steps of saving the transmit power setting when the join network acknowledgment packet is received.

9. The method of claim 6, further comprising the step of storing the transmit power setting once the join network acknowledgement is received.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the step of initializing a transmit power setting comprises retrieving the stored transmit power setting.

11. The method of claim 6, wherein the method is performed only when power is available to the faulted circuit indicator from one selected from a group consisting of:

a continuous power source, an intermittent power source, a rechargeable power source, and combinations thereof.

12. A method operating within a faulted circuit indicator for use with a power monitoring network, the faulted circuit indicator comprising a microcontroller and a timer controlled by the microcontroller, the method comprising the steps of:

i) initializing a transmit power setting, wherein the step of initializing comprises;

evaluating a faulted circuit indicator message packet; and

,

when the message packet comprises electric power network fault information, initializing the transmit power setting as the maximum power setting;

ii) broadcasting a join network request packet to a plurality of network nodes;

iii) starting the timer that includes a maximum wait time;

iv) while the timer runs, waiting for a reception of a join network acknowledgement packet from a network node of the plurality of network nodes;

(1) when a maximum wait time elapses before receipt of the join network acknowledgement packet from the network node, incrementing the transmit power setting and repeating steps ii-iv; and

(2) when the join network acknowledgement packet is received, comparing a number of communicating nodes to a metric; and

(a) when the number of communicating nodes satisfies the metric, joining the power monitoring network;

or

(b) when the number of communicating nodes does not satisfy the metric, incrementing the transmit power setting and repeating steps ii-iv.

13. The method of claim 12, further comprising the steps of:

v) determining a power source for the faulted circuit indicator; and

vii) when the power source is a battery, sending a message packet at the transmit power setting; and

viii) when the power source is not a battery, sending a message packet at a power higher than the transmit power setting.

14. The method of claim 12 further comprising the steps of saving the transmit power setting when the join network acknowledgment packet is received.

15. A faulted circuit indicator for use with a power monitoring network comprising:

i) an antenna;

ii) a communication processor coupled to the antenna;

iii) a microcontroller coupled to the communication processor;

iv) a timer controlled by the microcontroller; and

v) wherein the microcontroller is adapted to

(1) initialize a transmit power, wherein the step of initializing comprises;

evaluating a faulted circuit indicator message packet; and

,

when the message packet comprises electric power network fault information, initializing the transmit power setting as the maximum power setting;

(2) broadcast a join network request packet to a plurality of network nodes,

(3) starting the timer that includes a maximum wait time,

(4) while the timer runs, wait for a reception of a join network acknowledgement packet from a network node of the plurality of network nodes,

(5) increment the transmit power when a maximum wait time elapses before receipt of the join network acknowledgement packet from the network node of the plurality of network nodes, and

(6) repeat 2-5 until the join network acknowledgement packet is received by the faulted circuit indicator.

16. The faulted circuit indicator of claim 15 further comprising a power source and wherein the microcontroller is further adapted to (7) determine a power source type for the faulted circuit indicator;

and (8) when the power source type is a battery, send a message packet at the transmit power setting, and (9) when the power source is not a battery, send a message packet at a power higher than the transmit power setting.

17. The faulted circuit indicator of claim 15, wherein the microcontroller is further adapted to store the transmit power setting once the join network acknowledgement is received.

18. The faulted circuit indicator of claim 17, wherein the microcontroller is further adapted to initialize a transmit power setting comprises retrieving the stored transmit power setting.

19. The faulted circuit indicator of claim 18, wherein the microcontroller is further adapted to initialize a transmit power setting only when power is available to the faulted circuit indicator from one selected from a group consisting of:

a continuous power source, an intermittent power source, a rechargeable power source, and combinations thereof.

20. A faulted circuit indicator for use with a power monitoring network comprising:

i) an antenna;

ii) a communication processor coupled to the antenna;

iii) a microcontroller coupled to the communication processor;

iv) a timer controlled by the microcontroller; and

v) wherein the microcontroller is adapted to

(1) initialize a transmit power, wherein the step of initializing comprises;

evaluating a faulted circuit indicator message packet; and

,

when the message packet comprises electric power network fault information, initializing the transmit power setting as the maximum power setting;

(2) broadcast a join network request packet to a plurality of network nodes,

(3) starting the timer that includes a maximum wait time,

(4) while the timer runs, wait for a reception of a join network acknowledgement packet from a network node of the plurality of network nodes, and

(4.a) when a maximum wait time elapses before reception of the join network acknowledgement packet from the network node, increment the transmit power and repeat steps 2-4; and

(4.b) when the join network acknowledgement packet is received compare an elapsed time to a network acquisition time metric, and

(4.b.1) when the elapsed time satisfies the network acquisition time metric, join the power monitoring network; and

(4.b.2) when the elapsed time does not satisfy the network acquisition time metric, increment the transmit power and repeat steps 2-4.

21. The faulted circuit indicator of claim 20 further comprising a power source and wherein the microcontroller is further adapted to (5) determine a power source type for the faulted circuit indicator;

and (5.a) when the power source type is a battery, send a message packet at the transmit power setting, and (5.b) when the power source is not a battery, send a message packet at a power higher than the transmit power setting.

22. The faulted circuit indicator of claim 20 wherein the microcontroller is further adapted to save the transmit power setting when the join network acknowledgment packet is received.

23. A faulted circuit indicator for use with a power monitoring network comprising:

i) an antenna;

ii) a communication processor coupled to the antenna;

iii) a microcontroller coupled to the communication processor;

iv) a timer controlled by the microcontroller; and

v) wherein the microcontroller is adapted to

(1) initialize a transmit power, wherein the step of initializing comprises;

evaluating a faulted circuit indicator message packet; and

,

when the message packet comprises electric power network fault information, initializing the transmit power setting as the maximum power setting;

(2) broadcast a join network request packet to a plurality of network nodes,

(3) starting the timer that includes a maximum wait time,

(4) while the timer runs, wait for a reception of a join network acknowledgement packet from a network node of the plurality of network nodes,

(4.a) when a maximum wait time elapses before reception of the join network acknowledgement packet from the network node, increment the transmit power and repeat steps 2-4; and

(4.b) when the join network acknowledgement packet is received compare a number of communicating nodes to a metric, and

(4.b.1) when the number of communicating nodes satisfies the metric, join the power monitoring network; and

(4.b.2) when the number of communicating nodes does not satisfy the metric, increment the transmit power and repeat steps 2-4.

24. The faulted circuit indicator of claim 23 further comprising a power source and wherein the microcontroller is further adapted to (5) determine a power source type for the faulted circuit indicator;

and (5.a) when the power source type is a battery, send a message packet at the transmit power setting, and (5.b) when the power source is not a battery, send a message packet at a power higher than the transmit power setting.

25. The faulted circuit indicator of claim 23 wherein the microcontroller is further adapted to save the transmit power setting when the join network acknowledgment packet is received.