Retirement of physical memory based on dwell time

• US 9,390,003 B2
• Filed: 12/09/2013
• Issued: 07/12/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 12/09/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Original Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Inventors: Fisher, Timothy J., Fry, Aaron D.
• Primary Examiner(s): GIARDINO JR, MARK A
• Application Number:
  US14/100,138
• Publication Number:
  US 20150161035A1
• Time in Patent Office: 946 Days
• Field of Search: 711/103
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 12/0246 in block erasable memory, e.g. flash memory
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2212/7201 Logical to physical mapping or translation of blocks or pages
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2212/7205 Cleaning, compaction, garbage collection, erase control
• CPC Class Codes: G11C 16/349 Arrangements for evaluating degradation, retention or wearout, e.g. by counting erase cycles
• CPC Class Codes: G11C 2029/0409 Online test
• CPC Class Codes: G11C 2029/0411 Online error correction
• CPC Class Codes: G11C 29/42 using error correcting codes [ECC] or parity check

Abstract

In at least one embodiment, a data storage system includes a non-volatile memory array including a plurality of regions of physical memory. The data storage system further includes a controller that controls read and write access to the memory array and retires selected ones of the plurality of regions of physical memory from use. The controller determines whether or to not to retire a particular region among the plurality of regions of physical memory from use based on a dwell time of data stored in the particular region.

Claims

1. A data storage system, comprising:

a controller configured to be coupled to a non-volatile memory array including a plurality of regions of physical memory, wherein the controller controls read and write access to the memory array and retires selected ones of the plurality of regions of physical memory such that the selected ones of the plurality of regions are withdrawn from use and not again used for storing valid data, and wherein the controller, responsive to determining that a particular region among the plurality of regions of physical memory contains a data error that is uncorrectable by error correcting code (ECC), determines based on a dwell time of data stored in the particular region whether or not to retire the particular region such that the particular region is withdrawn from use and not again used for storing valid data.

2. The data storage system of claim 1, wherein:

the data storage system further includes the non-volatile memory array;

the dwell time is stored in the memory array in association with the particular region; and

the controller accesses the dwell time for the particular region from the particular region.

3. The data storage system of claim 1, wherein the controller determines not to retire the particular region in response to the dwell time not being long enough to satisfy a dwell time threshold.

4. The data storage system of claim 3, wherein:

the controller determines not to retire the particular region in response to the dwell time not being long enough to satisfy a dwell time threshold and an error count for the particular region failing to satisfy an error count threshold; and

the controller determines to retire the particular region in response to the dwell time failing to satisfy a dwell time threshold and an error count for the particular region satisfying an error count threshold.

5. The data storage system of claim 1, wherein:

the particular region is a single individual page of an erase block including a plurality of pages; and

the controller, responsive to determining to retire the single individual page, is configured to retire only the single individual page of the erase block and to retain in use one or more other pages of the erase block.

6. The data storage system of claim 1, wherein:

the data storage system further includes the non-volatile memory array;

the dwell time is stored in the memory array in association with the particular region;

the controller accesses the dwell time for the particular region from the particular region;

the controller determines not to retire the particular region in response to the dwell time not being long enough to satisfy a dwell time threshold and an error count for the particular region failing to satisfy an error count threshold;

the controller determines to retire the particular region in response to the dwell time failing to satisfy a dwell time threshold and an error count for the particular region satisfying an error count threshold; and

the particular region is a single individual page of an erase block including a plurality of pages; and

the controller, responsive to determining to retire the single individual page, is configured to retire only the single individual page of the erase block and to retain in use one or more other pages of the erase block.

7. A program product, comprising:

a storage device; and

program code stored in storage device that, when executed by a controller that controls read and write access to a non-volatile memory array including a plurality of regions of physical memory, causes the controller to perform;

responsive to determining that a particular region among the plurality of regions of physical memory contains a data error that is uncorrectable by error correcting code (ECC), the controller determining based on a dwell time of data stored in the particular region whether or not to retire the particular region such that the particular region is withdrawn from use and not again used for storing valid data; and

the controller, responsive to determining to retire the particular region, retiring the particular region such that the particular region is withdrawn from use and not again used for storing valid data.

8. The program product of claim 7, wherein:

the dwell time is stored in the memory array in association with the particular region; and

the program code further causes the controller to perform accessing the dwell time for the particular region from the particular region.

9. The program product of claim 7, wherein the determining includes the controller determining not to retire the particular region from use in response to the dwell time not being long enough to satisfy a dwell time threshold.

10. The program product of claim 9, wherein:

the determining includes;

the controller determining not to retire the particular region in response to the dwell time not being long enough to satisfy a dwell time threshold and an error count for the particular region failing to satisfy an error count threshold; and

the controller determining to retire the particular region in response to the dwell time failing to satisfy a dwell time threshold and an error count for the particular region satisfying an error count threshold.

11. The program product of claim 7, wherein:

the particular region is a single individual page of an erase block including a plurality of pages; and

the program code, when executed, causes the controller, responsive to determining to retire the single individual page, to retire only the single individual page of the erase block and to retain in use one or more other pages of the erase block.

12. The program product of claim 7, wherein:

the dwell time is stored in the memory array in association with the particular region;

the program code further causes the controller to perform accessing the dwell time for the particular region from the particular region;

the determining includes;

the controller determining not to retire the particular region in response to the dwell time not being long enough to satisfy a dwell time threshold and an error count for the particular region failing to satisfy an error count threshold; and

the controller determining to retire the particular region in response to the dwell time failing to satisfy a dwell time threshold and an error count for the particular region satisfying an error count threshold;

the particular region is a single individual page of an erase block including a plurality of pages; and

the program code, when executed, causes the controller, responsive to determining to retire the single individual page, to retire only the single individual page of the erase block and to retain in use one or more other pages of the erase block.

13. A method of operating a data storage system, comprising:

a controller controlling reading from and writing to a non-volatile memory array;

responsive to determining that a particular region among the plurality of regions of physical memory contains a data error that is uncorrectable by error correcting code (ECC), the controller determining based on a dwell time of data stored in the particular region whether or not to retire the particular region such that the particular region is withdrawn from use and not again used for storing valid data; and

the controller, responsive to determining to retire the particular region, retiring the particular region such that the particular region is withdrawn from use and not again used for storing valid data.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein:

the dwell time is stored in the memory array in association with the particular region; and

the method further comprises the controller accessing the dwell time for the particular region from the particular region.

15. The method of claim 13, wherein the determining includes the controller determining not to retire the particular region in response to the dwell time not being long enough to satisfy a dwell time threshold.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein:

the determining includes;

the controller determining not to retire the particular region in response to the dwell time not being long enough to satisfy a dwell time threshold and an error count for the particular region failing to satisfy an error count threshold; and

the controller determining to retire the particular region in response to the dwell time failing to satisfy a dwell time threshold and an error count for the particular region satisfying an error count threshold.

17. The method of claim 13, wherein:

the particular region is a single individual page of an erase block including a plurality of pages; and

the method further includes the controller, responsive to determining to retire the single individual page, retiring only the single individual page of the erase block and retaining in use one or more other pages of the erase block.

18. The method of claim 13, wherein:

the dwell time is stored in the memory array in association with the particular region;

the method further comprises the controller accessing the dwell time for the particular region from the particular region;

the determining includes;

the controller determining not to retire the particular region in response to the dwell time not being long enough to satisfy a dwell time threshold and an error count for the particular region failing to satisfy an error count threshold; and

the controller determining to retire the particular region in response to the dwell time failing to satisfy a dwell time threshold and an error count for the particular region satisfying an error count threshold;

the particular region is a single individual page of an erase block including a plurality of pages; and

the method further includes the controller, responsive to determining to retire the single individual page, retiring only the single individual page of the erase block and retaining in use one or more other pages of the erase block.