Circuit for generating a voltage waveform

• US 9,391,593 B2
• Filed: 05/02/2014
• Issued: 07/12/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 05/23/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Shimadzu Corporation
• Original Assignee: Shimadzu Corporation
• Inventors: Taylor, Steven Douglas, Nuttall, James Edward, Gill, Matthew Clive, Ding, Li
• Primary Examiner(s): Chen, Sibin
• Assistant Examiner(s): RETEBO, METASEBIA T
• Application Number:
  US14/268,474
• Publication Number:
  US 20140347104A1
• Time in Patent Office: 802 Days
• Field of Search: 327/124
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: H01J 49/022 Circuit arrangements, e.g. for generating deviation currents or voltages regulating electric or magnetic variables in general, e.g. current, magnetic field G05F; Components associated with high voltage supply high voltage supply per se H02M
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 7/4815 Resonant converters H02M7/4811 and H02M7/4826 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 7/537 using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 17/6871 the output circuit comprising more than one controlled field-effect transistor
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 17/6874 in a symmetrical configuration
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 3/012 Modifications of generator to improve response time or to decrease power consumption
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 3/356 Bistable circuits
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 5/00006 Changing the frequency modulating pulses H03K7/00; frequency dividers H03K21/00 - H03K29/00; additive or subtractive mixing of two pulse rates into one G06F7/605; pulse rate dividers G06F7/68
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

A circuit for generating a voltage waveform at an output node. The circuit includes a voltage rail connected to the output node via a voltage rail switch; an anchor node 5 connected to the output node via an inductor and a bidirectional switch, wherein the bidirectional switch includes two or more transistors connected in series; and a control unit configured to change the voltage at the output node by controlling the voltage rail switch and the bidirectional switch so that, if a load capacitance is connected to the output node, a resonant circuit is established between the inductor 10 and the load capacitance. The circuit may be included in an apparatus for use in processing charged particles, e.g. for use in performing mass spectrometry or ion mobility spectrometry.

Claims

1. A mass spectrometer including:

a circuit for generating a voltage waveform at an output node; and

a load capacitance to which the output node of the circuit is connected so that, in use, the load capacitance receives a voltage waveform generated by the circuit;

wherein the circuit includes;

a first voltage rail connected to the output node via a first voltage rail switch;

a second voltage rail connected to the output node via second voltage rail switch;

an anchor node connected to the output node via an inductor and a bidirectional switch, wherein the bidirectional switch includes two or more transistors connected in series; and

a control unit configured to change the voltage at the output node by controlling the first voltage rail switch, the second voltage rail switch, and the bidirectional switch so that a resonant circuit is established between the inductor and the load capacitance;

wherein the control unit of the circuit is configured to control the circuit to operate according to a control method including;

opening the bidirectional switch and closing the first voltage rail switch so that the output node is clamped at a voltage of the first voltage rail;

causing the voltage at the output node to swing towards the voltage of the second voltage rail by opening the first voltage rail switch and closing the bidirectional switch so that a resonant circuit is established between the inductor and the load capacitance;

opening the bidirectional switch and closing the second voltage rail switch so that the output node is clamped at a voltage of the second voltage rail; and

causing the voltage at the output node to swing towards the voltage of the first voltage rail by opening the second voltage rail switch and closing the bidirectional switch so that a resonant circuit is established between the inductor and the load capacitance; and

wherein the control unit is configured to change a frequency at which the switching voltage waveform switches between the voltage of the first voltage rail and the voltage of the second voltage rail.

2. A mass spectrometer according to claim 1, wherein the two or more transistors connected in series include a pair of MOSFET transistors connected back-to-back.

3. A mass spectrometer according to claim 1, wherein the circuit is a switching circuit for generating a switching waveform that switches between a first voltage and a second voltage.

4. A mass spectrometer according to claim 1, wherein the circuit includes:

an additional output node connected to the first voltage rail via an additional first voltage rail switch; and

a second anchor node connected to the additional output node via an inductor and a bidirectional switch that includes two or more transistors connected in series;

wherein the control unit is configured to change the voltage at the output node by controlling the first voltage rail switch and the bidirectional switch connected to the first anchor node so that, if a load capacitance is connected between the output node and the additional output node, a resonant circuit is established between the inductor connected to the first anchor node and the load capacitance; and

wherein the control unit is configured to change a voltage at the additional output node by controlling the additional first voltage rail switch and the bidirectional switch connected to the second anchor node so that, if a load capacitance is connected between the output node and the additional output node, a resonant circuit is established between the inductor connected to the second anchor node and the load capacitance.

5. A mass spectrometer according to claim 4

wherein the second voltage rail is connected to the additional output node via an additional second voltage rail switch;

wherein the control unit is configured to change the voltage at the output node by controlling the first voltage rail switch, the second voltage rail switch and the bidirectional switch connected to the first anchor node so that, if a load capacitance is connected between the output node and the additional output node, a resonant circuit is established between the inductor connected to the first anchor node and the load capacitance; and

wherein the control unit is configured to change the voltage at the additional output node by controlling the additional first voltage rail switch, the additional second voltage rail switch and the bidirectional switch connected to the second anchor node so that, if a load capacitance is connected between the output node and the additional output node, a resonant circuit is established between the inductor connected to the second anchor node and the load capacitance.

6. A mass spectrometer circuit according to claim 4, wherein the circuit includes:

separate inductors that act as the inductor connected to the first anchor node and the inductor connected to the second anchor node;

separate bidirectional switches that act as the bidirectional switch connected to the first anchor node and the bidirectional switch connected to the second anchor node;

first and second anchor nodes that are separate from the output node and additional output node.

7. A mass spectrometer according to claim 4, wherein

the load capacitance includes:

at least one first electrode to which the output node of the circuit is connected so that, in use, the at least one first electrode receives a voltage waveform generated by the circuit;

at least one second electrode to which the additional output node of the circuit is connected so that, in use, the at least one load capacitance receives an additional voltage waveform generated by the circuit.

8. A method of controlling a mass spectrometer, wherein the mass spectrometer includes a circuit for generating a voltage waveform at an output node and a load capacitance to which the output node of the circuit is connected so that, in use, the load capacitance receives a voltage waveform generated by the circuit, the circuit including:

a first voltage rail connected to the output node via a first voltage rail switch;

a second voltage rail connected to the output node via a second voltage rail switch;

an anchor node connected to the output node via an inductor and a bidirectional switch, wherein the bidirectional switch includes two or more transistors connected in series; and

a control unit configured to change the voltage at the output node by controlling the first voltage rail switch, the second voltage rail switch, and the bidirectional switch so that, if a load capacitance is connected to the output node, a resonant circuit is established between the inductor and the load capacitance;

wherein the method includes a controlling the circuit to operate according to

a control method that includes;

opening the bidirectional switch and closing the first voltage rail switch so that the output node is clamped at a voltage of the first voltage rail;

causing the voltage at the output node to swing towards a voltage of the second voltage rail by opening the first voltage rail switch and closing the bidirectional switch so that a resonant circuit is established between the inductor and the load capacitance;

opening the bidirectional switch and closing the second voltage rail switch so that the output node is clamped at the voltage of the second voltage rail; and

causing the voltage at the output node to swing towards the voltage of the first voltage rail by opening the second voltage rail switch and closing the bidirectional switch so that a resonant circuit is established between the inductor and the load capacitance,

wherein the method also includes changing a frequency at which the switching voltage waveform switches between the first voltage and the second voltage.

9. A computer-readable medium having computer-executable instructions configured to control a mass spectrometer, wherein the mass spectrometer includes a circuit for generating a voltage waveform at an output node and a load capacitance to which the output node of the circuit is connected so that, in use, the load capacitance receives a voltage waveform generated by the circuit, the circuit including:

a first voltage rail connected to the output node via a first voltage rail switch;

a second voltage rail connected to the output node via a second voltage rail switch;

an anchor node connected to the output node via an inductor and a bidirectional switch, wherein the bidirectional switch includes two or more transistors connected in series; and

a control unit configured to change the voltage at the output node by controlling the first voltage rail switch, the second voltage rail switch, and the bidirectional switch so that, if a load capacitance is connected to the output node, a resonant circuit is established between the inductor and the load capacitance;

wherein the computer-executable instructions are configured to control the circuit to operate according to

a control method that includes;

opening the bidirectional switch and closing the first voltage rail switch so that the output node is clamped at a voltage of a first voltage rail

causing the voltage at the output node to swing towards a voltage of the second voltage rail by opening the first voltage rail switch and closing the bidirectional switch so that a resonant circuit is established between the inductor and the load capacitance;

opening the bidirectional switch and closing the second voltage rail switch so that the output node is clamped at the voltage of the second voltage rail; and

causing the voltage at the output node to swing towards the voltage of the first voltage rail by opening the second voltage rail switch and closing the bidirectional switch so that a resonant circuit is established between the inductor and the load capacitance,

wherein the computer-executable instructions are also configured to change a frequency at which the switching voltage waveform switches between the first voltage and the second voltage.