Solid-state battery management using real-time estimation of nano material electrical characteristics
First Claim
1. A method of regulating a load on a rechargeable solid-state battery having a charge gradient through a thickness of a layered cathode, the method comprising:
- providing a set of linear equations representing an equivalent circuit of a rechargeable solid-state battery, each equation of the set corresponding to either an individual layer of layers of an electrode or a cell stack of the layers;
solving, using at least one computer processor operatively coupled with a memory, the set of equations for an electrical current or voltage in each layer;
computing a state of charge (SOC) for each layer using the solved electrical current or voltage for the layer and using a previous SOC associated with the layer;
combining the computed SOC for each layer to compute an aggregate SOC;
receiving a temperature value from a temperature sensor within or proximate to the battery;
updating an impedance value or an ideal voltage source in each layer based on the SOC for each layer and the temperature value from the temperature sensor;
gauging, using a current sensor, a load current from the battery;
calculating a loaded terminal voltage of the battery based on the updated impedance values, the ideal voltage sources, the computed SOCs, and the load current; and
signaling a load device controller based on the computed aggregate SOC or calculated loaded terminal voltage.
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Accused Products
Abstract
Set forth herein are methods and systems for determining a rechargeable (i.e., secondary) battery'"'"'s capability in real time, including how much power and energy can be discharged or charged, by compensating for the limitations of the standard battery model for cathode electron and ion transport restrictions in a solid-state battery. Set forth herein is also an equivalent circuit for each layer of a layered cathode (i.e., positive electrode) which is created using resistive, capacitive, and storage elements, including a state-of-charge (SOC) state variable and an SOC-dependent voltage source. In some embodiments, each layer is connected to adjoining layers using resistive elements to model ion and electron transport. In some embodiments, bulk ohmic resistance and ion exchange external to the electrode is represented using a Randles cell equivalent circuit.
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Citations
27 Claims
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1. A method of regulating a load on a rechargeable solid-state battery having a charge gradient through a thickness of a layered cathode, the method comprising:
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providing a set of linear equations representing an equivalent circuit of a rechargeable solid-state battery, each equation of the set corresponding to either an individual layer of layers of an electrode or a cell stack of the layers; solving, using at least one computer processor operatively coupled with a memory, the set of equations for an electrical current or voltage in each layer; computing a state of charge (SOC) for each layer using the solved electrical current or voltage for the layer and using a previous SOC associated with the layer; combining the computed SOC for each layer to compute an aggregate SOC; receiving a temperature value from a temperature sensor within or proximate to the battery; updating an impedance value or an ideal voltage source in each layer based on the SOC for each layer and the temperature value from the temperature sensor; gauging, using a current sensor, a load current from the battery; calculating a loaded terminal voltage of the battery based on the updated impedance values, the ideal voltage sources, the computed SOCs, and the load current; and signaling a load device controller based on the computed aggregate SOC or calculated loaded terminal voltage. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23)
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24. A non-transitory computer-readable medium for regulating a load on a rechargeable solid-state battery having a charge gradient through a thickness of a layered cathode, the medium comprising instructions stored thereon, that when executed on a processor, perform the operations of:
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providing a set of linear equations representing an equivalent circuit of a rechargeable solid-state battery, each equation of the set corresponding to either an individual layer of layers of an electrode or a cell stack of the layers; solving, using at least one computer processor operatively coupled with a memory, the set of equations for an electrical current or voltage in each layer; computing a state of charge (SOC) for each layer using the solved electrical current or voltage for the layer and using a previous SOC associated with the layer; combining the computed SOC for each layer to compute an aggregated SOC; receiving a temperature value from a temperature sensor within or proximate to the battery; updating an impedance value or an ideal voltage source in each layer based on the SOC for each layer and the temperature value from the temperature sensor; gauging, using a current sensor, a load current from the battery; calculating a loaded terminal voltage of the battery based on the updated impedance values, the ideal voltage sources, the computed SOCs, and the load current; and signaling a load device controller based on the computed aggregate SOC or the calculated terminal voltage.
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25. A battery management system executing instructions in a computer program, the system comprising:
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a computer processor; and a memory operatively coupled with the processor, the processor executing instructions from the memory comprising; program code for providing a set of linear equations representing an equivalent circuit of a rechargeable solid-state battery, each equation of the set corresponding to either an individual layer of layers of an electrode or a cell stack of the layers; program code for solving, using at least one computer processor operatively coupled with a memory, the set of equations for an electrical current or voltage in each layer; program code for computing a state of charge (SOC) for each layer using the solved electrical current or voltage for the layer and using a previous SOC associated with the layer; program code for combining the computed SOC for each layer to compute an aggregate SOC; program code for receiving a temperature value from a temperature sensor within or proximate to the battery; program code for updating an impedance value or an ideal voltage source in each layer based on the SOC for each layer and the temperature value from the temperature sensor; program code for gauging, using a current sensor, a load current from the battery; program code for calculating a loaded terminal voltage of the battery based on the updated impedance values, the ideal voltage sources, the computed SOCs, and the load current; and program code for signaling a load device controller based on the computed aggregate SOC or calculated terminal voltage. - View Dependent Claims (26, 27)
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Specification