Historical analysis of battery cells for determining state of health

• US 9,395,420 B2
• Filed: 02/24/2014
• Issued: 07/19/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 09/12/2011
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Southwest Electronic Energy Corporation (Ultralife Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Southwest Electronic Energy Corporation (Ultralife Corporation)
• Inventors: White, David Allen, Benckenstein, Claude Leonard Jr.
• Primary Examiner(s): Tso, Edward
• Application Number:
  US14/187,857
• Publication Number:
  US 20140167780A1
• Time in Patent Office: 876 Days
• Field of Search: 324/426, 324/427, 324/433, 324/434, 320/107, 320/116, 320/132, 320/134, 320/136, 320/149, 361/93.9, 361/111
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/3648 comprising digital calculation means, e.g. for performing an algorithm
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/392 Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/42 Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells H01M10/60 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2010/4271 Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing

Abstract

Battery cells may be monitored and a historical profile of the battery generated. The historical profile may be used to analyze a state-of-health of the battery cell. For example, the historical profile may be used to determine when a battery cell has developed an internal short that creates a safety hazard. The historical profile may include a count of the number of times the battery cell was out of balance and a count of the number of Coulombs the battery cell was out of balance. The number of Coulombs may be counted for a window of time. When the number of Coulombs exceeds a Coulomb threshold, a state-of-health flag may be set for the battery cell. The Coulomb threshold may be adjusted based, in part, on the counted number of times the battery cell is out of balance.

Claims

1. A method, comprising:

detecting, by a processor coupled to a plurality of battery cells, a small short within at least one of the plurality of battery cells; and

detecting, by the processor, a coalescence of small shorts or a large short within the at least one of the plurality of battery cells, wherein the detection of the coalescence of small shorts or large short is based, at least in part, on the detection of small shorts within the at least one of the plurality of battery cells.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of detecting the small short and the step of detecting the coalescence of small shorts or large short are each performed in parallel on the processor.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of detecting the coalescence of small shorts comprises determining a threshold for detecting the coalescence of small shorts or large short based, at least in part, on the step of detecting the small short within the at least one of the plurality of battery cells.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the step of determining the threshold for detecting the coalescence of small shorts comprises reducing a threshold for marking the at least one of the plurality of battery cells as faulty based, at least in part, on the step of detecting a small short in the at least one of the plurality of battery cells.

5. The method of claim 3, wherein the step of detecting the small short within the at least one of the plurality of battery cells comprises counting state-of-health events for the at least one of the plurality of battery cells.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the step of counting state-of-health events comprises counting a number of times the at least one of a plurality of battery cells is out of balance with other battery cells of the plurality of battery cells.

7. The method of claim 5, wherein the step of detecting the coalescence of shorts or large short comprises counting at least one of an amount of time and a number of Coulombs the at least one battery cell is out of balance with another battery cell of the plurality of battery cells, and the method further comprising:

marking the at least one of a plurality of battery cells as faulty based, at least in part, on the determined threshold.

8. A computer program product, comprising:

a non-transitory computer readable medium comprising code to perform the steps comprising;

detecting, by a processor coupled to a plurality of battery cells, a small short within at least one of the plurality of battery cells; and

detecting, by the processor, a coalescence of small shorts or a large short within the at least one of the plurality of battery cells, wherein the detection of the coalescence of small shorts or large short is based, at least in part, on the detection of small shorts within the at least one of the plurality of battery cells.

9. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein the step of detecting the small short and the step of detecting the coalescence of small shorts or large short are each performed in parallel on the processor.

10. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein the step of detecting the coalescence of small shorts comprises determining a threshold for detecting the coalescence of small shorts or large short based, at least in part, on the step of detecting the small short within the at least one of the plurality of battery cells.

11. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein the step of determining the threshold for detecting the coalescence of small shorts comprises reducing a threshold for marking the at least one of the plurality of battery cells as faulty based, at least in part, on the step of detecting a small short in the at least one of the plurality of battery cells.

12. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein the step of detecting the small short within the at least one of the plurality of battery cells comprises counting state-of-health events for the at least one of the plurality of battery cells.

13. The computer program product of claim 12, wherein the step of counting state-of-health events comprises counting a number of times the at least one of a plurality of battery cells is out of balance with other battery cells of the plurality of battery cells.

14. The computer program product of claim 12, wherein the step of detecting the coalescence of shorts or large short comprises counting at least one of an amount of time and a number of Coulombs the at least one battery cell is out of balance with another battery cell of the plurality of battery cells, and the medium further comprising code to perform the step of:

marking the at least one of a plurality of battery cells as faulty based, at least in part, on the determined threshold.

15. An apparatus, comprising:

a memory; and

a processor coupled to the memory, wherein the processor is configured to perform the steps comprising;

detecting, by a processor coupled to a plurality of battery cells, a small short within at least one of the plurality of battery cells; and

detecting, by the processor, a coalescence of small shorts or a large short within the at least one of the plurality of battery cells, wherein the detection of the coalescence of small shorts or large short is based, at least in part, on the detection of small shorts within the at least one of the plurality of battery cells.

16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the step of detecting the small short and the step of detecting the coalescence of small shorts or large short are each performed in parallel on the processor.

17. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the step of detecting the coalescence of small shorts comprises determining a threshold for detecting the coalescence of small shorts or large short based, at least in part, on the step of detecting the small short within the at least one of the plurality of battery cells.

18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the step of determining the threshold for detecting the coalescence of small shorts comprises reducing a threshold for marking the at least one of the plurality of battery cells as faulty based, at least in part, on the step of detecting a small short in the at least one of the plurality of battery cells.

19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the step of detecting the small short within the at least one of the plurality of battery cells comprises counting state-of-health events for the at least one of the plurality of battery cells.

20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the step of counting state-of-health events comprises counting a number of times the at least one of a plurality of battery cells is out of balance with other battery cells of the plurality of battery cells, and

wherein the step of detecting the coalescence of shorts or large short comprises counting at least one of an amount of time and a number of Coulombs the at least one battery cell is out of balance with another battery cell of the plurality of battery cells, and the processor further configured to perform the step of:

marking the at least one of a plurality of battery cells as faulty based, at least in part, on the determined threshold.