Liquid composite compositions using non-volatile liquids and nanoparticles and uses thereof

• US 9,403,190 B2
• Filed: 09/23/2013
• Issued: 08/02/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 02/07/2007
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: eSionic Corp. (MKS Instruments Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: eSionic Corp. (MKS Instruments Incorporated)
• Inventors: Miller, Seth A.
• Primary Examiner(s): MC GINTY, DOUGLAS J
• Application Number:
  US14/034,359
• Publication Number:
  US 20140102884A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,044 Days
• Field of Search: 96/12, 252/62.3 Q, 252/62.3 BT, 252/364, 252/62.3 V, 252/62.3 GA, 252/62.3 C, 428/411.1, 428/323, 204/247
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/326 in electrochemical cells
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 69/148 Organic/inorganic mixed matrix membranes
• CPC Class Codes: B05D 1/06 Applying particulate materials
• CPC Class Codes: B05D 1/10 Applying particulate materials
• CPC Class Codes: B05D 1/12 Applying particulate materials B05D1/06, B05D1/10 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B05D 1/18 performed by dipping
• CPC Class Codes: B05D 1/24 Applying particulate materials
• CPC Class Codes: B05D 5/12 to obtain a coating with specific electrical properties
• CPC Class Codes: B05D 7/24 for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
• CPC Class Codes: C09K 3/00 Materials not provided for elsewhere
• CPC Class Codes: G11C 13/0009 RRAM elements whose operation depends upon chemical change
• CPC Class Codes: G11C 13/02 using elements whose operation depends upon chemical change G11C13/0009 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G11C 25/00 Digital stores characterised by the use of flowing media; Storage elements therefor
• CPC Class Codes: H01B 1/00 Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/56 Solid electrolytes, e.g. gels; Additives therein
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/58 Liquid electrolytes
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/60 characterised by the solvent
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/64 characterised by additives
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/052 Li-accumulators
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0565 Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 14/005 : Photoelectrochemical storage cells light sensitive devices H01G9/20, semiconductors sensitive to light H01L31/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2300/0085 : Immobilising or gelification of electrolyte
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2300/0091 : in the form of mixtures
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2300/0094 : in the form of layered products, e.g. coatings
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/00 : Electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 : Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/13 : Energy storage using capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/25 : Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles

Abstract

A solvent composition comprising an organic solvent; dispersed nanoparticles; and a non-volatile electrolyte is provided. A method of forming a liquid composite composition is provided.

Claims

1. A membrane for separating gases, comprising:

a liquid composite composition comprising;

i) a non-volatile liquid; and

ii) nanoparticles, said nanoparticles each having at least one dimension less than 25 nm and being dispersed individually in the liquid composition, and wherein the nanoparticles have a surface that prevents substantial aggregation of the nanoparticles in the presence of the non-volatile liquid, and the liquid composite composition contains at least 20 wt. % of the dispersed nanoparticles.

2. The membrane according to claim 1 further comprising a support.

3. The membrane according to claim 1 wherein the non-volatile liquid comprises an ionic liquid.

4. The membrane according to claim 1 wherein the non-volatile liquid comprises a mixture of two or more ionic liquids or cation-anion pairs.

5. The membrane according to claim 1 wherein the non-volatile liquid comprises a polymerizable ionic liquid.

6. The membrane according to claim 1 wherein the non-volatile liquid comprises a non-volatile electrolyte.

7. The membrane according to claim 1 wherein the non-volatile liquid comprises a poly(glycol).

8. The membrane according to claim 1 wherein the nanoparticles have a surface with a pH of below 7 when in water.

9. The membrane according to claim 1, wherein the nanoparticles comprise acidic silicon dioxide.

10. The membrane according to claim 1, wherein the nanoparticles comprise a core and a shell, and the shell comprises silicon dioxide.

11. The membrane according to claim 10, wherein the core is a material different from the shell.

12. The membrane according to claim 1 wherein the liquid composite composition is a single phase liquid or homogeneous gel.

13. The membrane according to claim 12 wherein the single phase liquid or homogeneous gel contains at least about 40 wt. % of the dispersed nanoparticles.

14. The membrane according to claim 1 wherein the nanoparticles have at least one dimension in the range of 10-15 nm.

15. The membrane according to claim 1 further comprising one or more transport agents dissolved in the non-volatile liquid.

16. The membrane according to claim 15 wherein the one or more transport agents are selected to enhance transport of one or more gases through the membrane.

17. The membrane according to claim 15 wherein the one or more transport agent comprises Co(salen).

18. The membrane according to claim 15 wherein the one or more transport agent comprises one or more of:

silver salts such as silver triflate (AgCF₃SO₃), silver bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI) (Ag(CF₃SO₂)₂N), silver hexafluorophosphate (AgPF₆), or lithium salts such as lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI) (Li(CF₃SO₂)₂N), lithium bisperfluoroethanesulfonimide (BETI) (Li(C₂F₅SO₂)₂N), or mixture thereof.

19. The membrane according to claim 15 wherein the one or more transport agent comprises bicarbonate or amines.

20. The membrane according to claim 15 wherein the one or more transport agents are part of, or covalently linked to, the non-volatile liquid.