Method of determining individual set points in a power plant controller, and a power plant controller

• US 9,407,186 B2
• Filed: 09/05/2013
• Issued: 08/02/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 09/17/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Vestas Wind Systems A/S
• Original Assignee: Vestas Wind Systems A/S
• Inventors: Mller, Henrik B., Babazadeh, Mehrdad, Ehsani, Saed, Kjr, Martin Ansbjerg
• Primary Examiner(s): Cuevas, Pedro J
• Application Number:
  US14/428,320
• Publication Number:
  US 20150249415A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,062 Days
• Field of Search: 290/44, 290/55, 307/84, 700/287
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2300/28 The renewable source being wind energy wind motors F03D
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/16 by adjustment of reactive power
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/381 Dispersed generators
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/48 Controlling the sharing of the in-phase component
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/50 Controlling the sharing of the out-of-phase component
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 9/02 Details
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/76 Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 40/30 Reactive power compensation

Abstract

This invention relates to a method and a power plant controller arranged to carry out the method. The method is on an intelligent dispatching of the power production to wind turbines and optional compensation equipment of a wind power plant, as the power producing units of a wind power plant. The invention relates to a case where the requested produced power is less than the total capacity of the power plant, and the invention relates to utilizing this situation to dispatch set points to the wind turbines and the compensation equipment in a flexible way. This flexibility may increase the wind turbines'"'"' life time, help in scheduling maintenance and expand the electrical operating range of the wind power plant. The determination of the set points on active and reactive power is a combined determination of both set points for each of the energy producing units of the wind power plant.

Claims

1. A method of determining individual set points in a power plant controller arranged to control a wind power plant comprising one or more wind turbine generators and optional compensation equipment capable of generating electrical output, the individual set points relating to active and/or reactive power to be requested from each of the one or more wind turbines and the optional compensation equipment for delivery to an external electrical grid, the method comprising the steps of:

a) receiving a request for active and/or reactive power to be delivered to the external electrical grid;

b) determining the available active and reactive power from the at least one wind turbine generators and from the optional compensation equipment;

c) comparing the requested active power with said determined available active power and/or comparing the requested reactive power with said determined available reactive power; and

d) in the case where the comparison in step c) shows that the requested active power is less than the determined available active power and/or the requested reactive power is less than the determined available reactive power, determining individual setpoints for the at least one wind turbine generator and compensation equipment, wherein the determination of said individual setpoints is a combined calculation of optimised individual setpoints for the active power and reactive power from the at least one wind turbine generator and compensation equipment by use of information on the internal electrical grid in the wind power plant.

2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the calculation of said optimised set points in step d) is furthermore based on information whether each of the one or more wind turbine generators is active or non-active.

3. A method according to claim 1, wherein the determination of said individual setpoints in step d) is carried out by use of an Optimal Load Flow technique.

4. A method according to claim 1, wherein the determination of said individual setpoints in step d) is carried out by optimisation of a cost function.

5. A method according to claim 1, wherein the determined available active power from each of the at least one wind turbine generator and the optional compensation equipment is the sum of the actual available active powers from each of the at least one wind turbine generator and the optional compensation equipment, and the determined available reactive power from each of the at least one wind turbine generator and the optional compensation equipment is the sum of the actual available reactive powers from each of the at least one wind turbine generator and the optional compensation equipment.

6. A method according to claim 1, wherein the determined available active power from each of the at least one wind turbine generator and the optional compensation equipment is the sum of modified available active powers from each of the at least one wind turbine generator and the optional compensation equipment, and the determined available reactive power from each of the at least one wind turbine generator and the optional compensation equipment is the sum of modified available reactive powers from each of the at least one wind turbine generator and the optional compensation equipment, wherein a modified value of an active or reactive power, respectively, is determined by correcting actual available active or reactive power by respective correction factors relating to condition information on each of the wind turbine generators and the compensation equipment.

7. A method according to claim 6, wherein said correction factors are determined based on one or more of the following:

wind conditions;

operating characteristics;

component conditions;

wind power plant topology;

ageing of the individual wind turbine generators of the wind power plant;

ageing of the optional compensation equipment; and

energy price considerations.

8. A method according to claim 7, wherein the wind conditions comprise one or more of the following factors:

wind direction, wind speed, turbulence level and wind shear.

9. A method according to claim 7, wherein said operation characteristics comprise one or more of the following factors:

optimal operation point of the individual wind turbine generators;

the optimal operation point of the optional compensation equipment;

the electrical operational range of the individual wind turbine generators, the electrical operational range of the optional compensation equipment;

operating history of the individual wind turbine generators;

operation history of the optional compensation equipment;

production state of each of the wind turbine generators; and

production state of the optional compensation equipment.

10. A method according to claim 7, wherein said component conditions comprise one or more of the following:

sensor measurements of components in the wind turbine generators;

the age of the individual wind turbine generators;

the age of the optional compensation equipment;

service reports on the individual wind turbine generators;

service report on the optional compensation equipment.

11. A method according to claim 10, wherein said sensor measurements of components in the wind turbine generators comprise sensor measurements of the temperature of the generators.

12. A method according to claim 7, wherein said wind power plant topology includes one or more of the following factors:

input on potential shadowing of one wind turbine generator for another, in dependency of the wind direction;

input on electrical losses from the wind turbine generators and the optional compensation equipment to a point of common coupling of the wind power plant to an external electrical grid.

13. A method according to claim 7, wherein said ageing of the wind turbine generators comprise one or more of the following factors:

the actual age of the one or more components of the wind turbine generators;

previous set points sent to the wind turbine generators; and

the number of times where the wind turbine generators have been shut down or pausing.

14. A method according to claim 7, wherein said ageing of the optional compensation equipment comprise one or more of the following factors:

the actual age of the compensation equipment;

the previous set points sent to the compensation equipment; and

the number of times where the compensation equipment has been disconnected or deactivated.

15. A wind power plant controller arranged to control a wind power plant comprising at least one wind turbine generator and optional compensation equipment, the wind turbine generators and optional compensation equipment being capable of generating an electrical output, the wind power plant controller being arranged to control the wind power plant by transmitting individual set points relating to active and/or reactive power to be requested from the wind turbines and the optional compensation equipment, for delivery to an external electrical grid, the wind power plant controller comprising:

a receiver for receiving a request for active and/or reactive power to be generated by the wind power plant;

a unit for determining the available active and reactive power from the at least one wind turbine generators and from the optional compensation equipment;

a comparator for comparing the requested active power with said determined available active power and/or comparing the requested reactive power with said determined available reactive power; and

an optimizer for determining optimized individual setpoints for the at least one wind turbine generator and compensation equipment, in the case where the comparator detects that the requested active power is less than the determined available active power and/or the requested reactive power is less than the determined available reactive power, wherein the determination of said individual setpoints is a combined calculation of optimised individual setpoints for the active power and reactive power from the at least one wind turbine generator and compensation equipment by use of information on the internal electrical grid in the wind power plant.

16. A computer program product comprising:

at least one computer-readable medium; and

computer-readable signals, stored on the at least one computer-readable medium, that define instructions that, as a result of being executed by a computer, control the computer to perform a method of determining individual set points in a power plant controller arranged to control a wind power plant comprising one or more wind turbine generators and optional compensation equipment capable of generating electrical output, the individual set points relating to active and/or reactive power to be requested from each of the one or more wind turbines and the optional compensation equipment for delivery to an external electrical grid, the method comprising the steps of;

a) receiving a request for active and/or reactive power to be delivered to the external electrical grid;

b) determining the available active and reactive power from the at least one wind turbine generators and from the optional compensation equipment;

c) comparing the requested active power with said determined available active power and/or comparing the requested reactive power with said determined available reactive power; and

d) in the case where the comparison in step c) shows that the requested active power is less than the determined available active power and/or the requested reactive power is less than the determined available reactive power, determining individual setpoints for the at least one wind turbine generator and compensation equipment, wherein the determination of said individual setpoints is a combined calculation of optimised individual setpoints for the active power and reactive power from the at least one wind turbine generator and compensation equipment by use of information on the internal electrical grid in the wind power plant.