NGL recovery methods and configurations

• US 9,410,737 B2
• Filed: 07/20/2006
• Issued: 08/09/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 07/25/2005
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Fluor Technologies Corporation (Fluor Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Fluor Corporation
• Inventors: Mak, John, Nielsen, Richard B., Graham, Curt
• Primary Examiner(s): Raymond, Keith
• Application Number:
  US11/917,392
• Publication Number:
  US 20100043488A1
• Time in Patent Office: 3,673 Days
• Field of Search: 62618-622, 626/25, 626/28, 62630-632, 626/37
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2200/02 in a single pressure main column system
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2200/70 Refluxing the column with a condensed part of the feed stream, i.e. fractionator top is stripped or self-rectified
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2200/76 Refluxing the column with condensed overhead gas being cycled in a quasi-closed loop refrigeration cycle
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2205/04 in the feed line, i.e. upstream of the fractionation step
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2210/06 Splitting of the feed stream, e.g. for treating or cooling in different ways
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2215/60 Methane
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2220/66 Separating acid gases, e.g. CO2, SO2, H2S or RSH
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2240/02 Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2240/40 Expansion without extracting work, i.e. isenthalpic throttling, e.g. JT valve, regulating valve or venturi, or isentropic nozzle, e.g. Laval
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2245/02 Recycle of a stream in general, e.g. a by-pass stream
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2280/02 Control in general, load changes, different modes ("runs"), measurements
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 3/0209 Natural gas or substitute natural gas
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 3/0233 separation of CnHm with 1 carbon atom or more
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 3/0238 separation of CnHm with 2 carbon atoms or more

Abstract

Contemplated NGL plants include a feed gas bypass circuit through which a portion of the feed gas is provided downstream to a vapor portion of the feed gas to thereby increase turbo expander inlet temperature and demethanizer temperature. Contemplated configurations are especially advantageous for feed gases with relatively high carbon dioxide content as they entirely avoid carbon dioxide freezing in the demethanizer, provide additional power production by the turboexpander, and recover C2+ components to levels of at least 80% while achieving a low carbon dioxide content in the NGL product.

Claims

1. A plant comprising:

a feed gas inlet line configured to receive a feed gas stream having a carbon dioxide content of at least 2 mol %;

a feed gas exchanger that is configured to receive and cool a first portion of the feed gas stream to thereby form a cooled feed gas stream;

a feed gas separator that is configured to receive and separate a first fraction of the cooled feed gas stream into a liquid portion and a superheated vapor portion;

a feed gas bypass circuit that is configured to provide a second portion of the feed gas stream from a position upstream of the feed gas exchanger as a bypass gas stream around the feed gas exchanger, wherein the bypass gas stream is combined with the superheated vapor portion to form a mixed vapor portion;

a turboexpander configured to receive and expand the mixed vapor portion in a location upstream of a demethanizer to produce an expanded vapor portion;

the demethanizer fluidly coupled to the feed gas separator and configured to receive the expanded vapor portion and the liquid portion as demethanizer feed streams, and a second fraction of the cooled feed gas as a demethanizer reflux stream;

wherein the expanded vapor portion is fed to the top of the demethanizer, and wherein the bypass gas stream is combined with the superheated vapor portion in an amount sufficient to prevent carbon dioxide from freezing in the demethanizer and to reduce carbon dioxide content in a demethanizer bottom product by increasing temperature of the mixed vapor portion flowing to the turboexpander to maintain between −

20 and 50°

F.; and

a control device that is configured to variably control the flow of the second portion of the feed stream as a function of a temperature of the demethanizer and a temperature of the feed gas.

2. The plant of claim 1 wherein the control device is further configured to variably control flow of the bypass gas as a function of a temperature of a turboexpander inlet stream.

3. The plant of claim 1, further comprising:

a heat exchanger that is configured to cool the second fraction of the cooled feed gas using a refrigeration content of a demethanizer overhead product to thereby form the demethanizer reflux stream.

4. The plant of claim 1, wherein the feed gas exchanger is configured to utilize refrigeration content of a demethanizer overhead product for cooling the first portion of the feed gas stream.

5. A control device, comprising:

a processing unit electronically coupled to a plurality of temperature sensors and a flow control valve;

wherein the plurality of temperature sensors are disposed in thermal contact with a superheated vapor stream of a feed gas separator and a demethanizer;

wherein the flow control valve is coupled to a feed gas bypass circuit that fluidly couples the feed gas stream with the feed gas separator, wherein a first portion of the feed gas stream passes through a feed gas exchanger configured to cool the first portion of the feed gas stream, wherein the feed gas bypass circuit is configured to provide a second portion of the feed gas stream from a position upstream of the feed gas exchanger as a bypass gas stream around the feed gas exchanger, and wherein the second portion of the feed gas stream is combined with the superheated vapor stream to form a mixed vapor stream, and wherein the mixed vapor stream is fed to an expander; and

wherein the processing unit is configured such that, using the flow control valve, a flow rate of the second portion of the feed gas stream through the feed gas bypass circuit is a function of a temperature in the demethanizer by increasing a temperature of the superheated vapor stream flowing to the expander to maintain the temperature of the superheated vapor stream between −

20 and 50°

F., such that the expander produces an expanded vapor portion that is fed to a top of the demethanizer.

6. The control device of claim 5 wherein the processing unit is configured such that the flow rate of the second portion of the feed gas stream through the feed gas bypass circuit is effective to prevent carbon dioxide freezing in the demethanizer.

7. The control device of claim 5 wherein the feed gas comprises ethane and wherein ethane recovery from a demethanizer bottom product is at least 80%.

8. The control device of claim 7 wherein the feed gas comprises carbon dioxide, and wherein the carbon dioxide content in the demethanizer bottom product is no more than 10 mol %.

9. A method of separating a feed gas, comprising:

providing a feed gas stream having a carbon dioxide content of at least 2 mol %;

splitting the feed gas stream into a first portion and a second portion;

cooling the first portion of the feed gas stream in an exchanger to form a cooled feed gas;

separating a first fraction of the cooled feed gas in a feed gas separator into a superheated vapor portion and a liquid portion;

controlling a flow of the second portion of the feed gas stream as a function of a temperature in a demethanizer;

combining the second portion of the feed gas stream with the superheated vapor portion to form a mixed vapor portion, wherein the second portion of the feed gas stream bypasses the exchanger;

expanding the mixed vapor portion in a turboexpander to produce an expanded vapor portion;

feeding the expanded vapor portion to a top tray of a demethanizer;

using a second fraction of the cooled feed gas as a reflux stream in the demethanizer;

increasing the temperature of the mixed vapor portion flowing to the turboexpander to between −

20 and 50°

F. based on the combining of the second portion of the feed gas stream with the superheated vapor portion; and

eliminating carbon dioxide freezing in the demethanizer based on the increasing of the temperature of the mixed vapor portion.

10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:

a step of measuring a temperature of the mixed vapor portion before the step of expanding part of the mixed vapor portion in the turboexpander or measuring a temperature on a tray in the demethanizer.

11. The method of claim 9, wherein the demethanizer produces a demethanizer overhead product, and wherein the cooling the first portion of the feed gas stream comprises cooling the first portion of the feed gas stream using the demethanizer overhead product in the exchanger.

12. The method of claim 9, wherein the demethanizer produces a demethanizer overhead product, and wherein the demethanizer overhead product is used to provide cooling to a portion of residue gas to thereby form a lean reflux stream to the demethanizer.

13. The method of claim 9 wherein the demethanizer produces a NGL bottom product, and wherein at least 80% of ethane in the feed gas are recovered in the bottom product.

14. The method of claim 9 wherein the demethanizer produces a NGL bottom product, and wherein the carbon dioxide content in the NGL product is no more than 10 mol %.

15. The method of claim 9, further comprising;

drawing a side-draw stream from the demethanizer;

heat exchanging the side-draw stream with the first portion of the feed gas stream in the exchanger;

heating the side-draw stream in the exchanger; and

returning the heated side-draw stream to the demethanizer.

16. The method of claim 9, wherein using the second fraction of the cooled feed gas stream as a reflux comprises;

passing the second fraction of the cooled feed gas to a second exchanger;

cooling the second fraction in the second exchanger;

expanding the second fraction downstream of the second exchanger to create a liquid fraction; and

passing the expanded second fraction comprising the liquid fraction to the demethanizer.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the demethanizer produces a demethanizer overhead product stream and wherein cooling the second fraction in the second exchanger comprises:

heat exchanging the demethanizer overhead product stream with the second fraction in the second exchanger.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein cooling the first portion of the feed gas stream in the exchanger to form the cooled feed gas comprises:

heat exchanging the demethanizer overhead product stream with the first portion of the feed gas stream in the exchanger, wherein the exchanger is downstream of the second exchanger in a demethanizer overhead product line.

19. The method of claim 17, further comprising:

splitting the demethanizer overhead product stream into a residue gas stream and a recycle stream, wherein the recycle stream is recycled to the demethanizer as a lean reflux stream.

20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:

heat exchanging the recycle stream with the demethanizer overhead product stream in the second exchanger;

cooling the recycle stream in the second exchanger;

expanding the recycle stream downstream of the second exchanger; and

passing the expanded recycle stream to the demethanizer as the lean reflux stream.