Systems, methods, and apparatus for detection of metal objects in a predetermined space

• US 9,410,823 B2
• Filed: 03/08/2013
• Issued: 08/09/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 07/13/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: WiTricity Corporation
• Original Assignee: Qualcomm, Inc.
• Inventors: Widmer, Hanspeter, Bittner, Markus, Sieber, Lukas, Fischer, Marcel
• Primary Examiner(s): Assouad, Patrick
• Assistant Examiner(s): NASIR, TAQI R
• Application Number:
  US13/791,365
• Publication Number:
  US 20140015522A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,250 Days
• Field of Search: 324/302, 324/331, 324/463, 324/228, 324/232, 324/259, 324/260, 324/263, 324/529, 324/167
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2200/12 Bikes
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2200/22 Microcars, e.g. golf cars
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2210/30 AC to DC converters
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2210/40 DC to AC converters
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/36 Temperature of vehicle components or parts
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/525 Temperature of converter or components thereof
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2250/16 by display
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2270/147 electro magnetic [EMI]
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2270/32 of electricity
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2270/34 of parts
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 3/003 relating to inverters
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 3/0038 relating to sensors
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 3/0046 relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 3/04 Cutting off the power supply under fault conditions protective devices and circuit arrangements in general H01H; H02H
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/16 with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/51 characterised by AC-motors
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/66 Arrangements of batteries
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/12 Inductive energy transfer
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/122 Circuits or methods for driving the primary coil, e.g. supplying electric power to the coil
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/124 Detection or removal of foreign bodies
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/126 : Methods for pairing a vehicle and a charging station, e.g. establishing a one-to-one relation between a wireless power transmitter and a wireless power receiver
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/30 : Constructional details of charging stations
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/305 : Communication interfaces
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/36 : by positioning the vehicle
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/37 : using optical position determination, e.g. using cameras
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/63 : in response to network capacity
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/65 : involving identification of vehicles or their battery types
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/68 : Off-site monitoring or control, e.g. remote control
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 55/00 : Arrangements for supplying energy stored within a vehicle to a power network, i.e. vehicle-to-grid [V2G] arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/10 : for monitoring or controlling batteries
• CPC Class Codes: G01D 5/2006 : by influencing the self-induction of one or more coils G01D5/22 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 27/725 : by using magneto-acoustical effects or the Barkhausen effect
• CPC Class Codes: G01V 3/10 : using induction coils
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 38/14 : Inductive couplings for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling H02J50/10
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/12 : of the resonant type
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/60 : responsive to the presence of foreign objects, e.g. detection of living beings
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 5/73 : for taking measurements, e.g. using sensing coils
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 5/79 : for data transfer in combination with power transfer
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/00 : Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 : Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 : Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/72 : Electric energy management in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/12 : Electric charging stations
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/14 : Plug-in electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/16 : Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/167 : Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles, i.e. smartgrids as interface for battery charging of electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 10/126 : the energy generation units being or involving electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV], i.e. power aggregation of EV or HEV, vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G]
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 30/12 : Remote or cooperative charging
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 30/14 : Details associated with the interoperability, e.g. vehicle recognition, authentication, identification or billing

Abstract

This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for detecting foreign objects. In one aspect an apparatus for detecting a presence of an object in a magnetic field is provided. The apparatus includes a power circuit configured to generate the magnetic field and transfer power wirelessly at a level sufficient to power or charge a load via the magnetic field. The apparatus further includes a detection circuit configured to transmit signals and detect, based on a reflection of the transmitted signals, a frequency of vibration of the object caused by the magnetic field.

Claims

1. An apparatus for detecting a presence of an object in a magnetic field, the apparatus comprising:

a power circuit configured to generate the magnetic field and transfer power wirelessly at a first level sufficient to power or charge a load via the magnetic field; and

a detection circuit configured to transmit signals,

detect, based on a reflection of the transmitted signals, a frequency of vibration of the object caused by the magnetic field,

determine a positive detection of the presence of the object based on the frequency of vibration, and

confirm the positive detection based on a magnetic pulse generated at a second level by the power circuit in response to the positive detection, the second level being stronger than the first level.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the power circuit comprises an antenna, wherein the power circuit is configured to apply an alternating current to the antenna at a frequency to generate the magnetic field, and wherein the detection circuit is configured to detect that the object is a metal object based on the frequency of vibration.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the first detection circuit is configured to detect that the object is a metal object in response to detecting that the frequency of vibration is substantially twice the frequency of the alternating current.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the transmitted signals comprise a microwave carrier signal, and wherein the detection circuit is configured to detect the frequency of vibration based on a micro-Doppler effect.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the detection circuit is configured to detect the frequency of vibration at least in part on detecting a response in the reflection of the signals at an offset from a frequency of the microwave carrier signal.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the detection circuit is configured to determine at least one of a type of the object or a distance of the object from the detection circuit.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the detection circuit comprises an array of elements in different positions configured to transmit the signals, and wherein the detection circuit is configured to determine the at least one of the type of the object or the distance of the object based on the reflection of the signals received by the elements in the array.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first detection circuit is configured to detect a characteristic of the object depending on movement of the object in response to the magnetic pulse to confirm the positive detection.

9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the characteristic comprises a velocity of the object as it moves in response to the magnetic pulse.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the load comprises a battery of an electric vehicle.

27. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the detection circuit is further configured to operate in at least one of a radar sensing system or an inductive sensing system.

11. A method for detecting a presence of an object in a magnetic field, the method comprising:

generating the magnetic field;

transferring power wirelessly at a first level sufficient to power or charge a load via the magnetic field, the magnetic field causing a vibration of the object;

transmitting signals;

detecting, based on a reflection of the transmitted signals, a frequency of the vibration of the object caused by the magnetic field;

determining a positive detection of the presence of the object based on the frequency of vibration; and

confirming the positive detection based on a magnetic pulse generated at a second level in response to the positive detection, the second level being stronger than the first level.

12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:

detecting that the object is a metal object based on the frequency of the vibration, wherein generating the magnetic field comprises applying an alternating current to an antenna at a frequency.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein detecting that the object is metal comprises detecting that the frequency of the vibration is substantially twice the frequency of the alternating current.

14. The method of claim 11, further comprising:

detecting the frequency of the vibration based on a micro-Doppler effect, wherein the signals comprise a microwave carrier signal.

15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:

detecting the frequency of the vibration at least in part on detecting a response in the reflection of the signals at an offset from a frequency of the microwave carrier signal.

16. The method of claim 11, wherein transmitting the signals comprises transmitting the signals from each of an array of elements in different positions, and wherein the method further comprises determining at least one of a type of the object or a distance of the object based on the reflection of the signals received by the elements in the array.

17. The method of claim 11, further comprising:

detecting a characteristic of the object depending on movement of the object in response to the magnetic pulse to confirm the positive detection.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the characteristic comprises a velocity of the object as it moves in response to the magnetic pulse.

19. An apparatus for detecting a presence of an object in a magnetic field, the apparatus comprising:

means for generating the magnetic field;

means for transferring power wirelessly at a first level sufficient to power or charge a load via the magnetic field;

means for transmitting signals;

means for detecting, based on a reflection of the transmitted signals, a frequency of vibration of the object caused by the magnetic field;

means for determining a positive detection of the presence of the object based on the frequency of vibration; and

means for confirming the positive detection based on a magnetic pulse generated at a second level by the means for generating in response to the positive detection, the second level being stronger than the first level.

20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the means for generating the magnetic field comprises means for generating the magnetic field at a frequency, and wherein the means for detecting the frequency of vibration of the object comprises means for detecting that the object is a metal object based on the frequency of vibration.

21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the means for detecting that the object is the metal object comprises means for detecting that the frequency of vibration is substantially twice the frequency of the magnetic field.

22. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the signals comprise a microwave carrier signal, and wherein the means for detecting the frequency of vibration comprises means for detecting the frequency of vibration based on a micro-Doppler effect.

23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the means for detecting the frequency of vibration comprises means for detecting the frequency of vibration at least in part on a detected response in the reflection of the signals at an offset from a frequency of the microwave carrier signal.

24. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the means for transmitting the signals comprises means for transmitting the signals from each of an array of elements in different positions, and wherein the apparatus further comprises means for determining at least one of a type of the object or a distance of the object based on the reflection of the signals received by the elements in the array.

25. The apparatus of claim 19, further comprising means for detecting a characteristic of the object depending on movement of the object in response to the magnetic pulse to confirm the positive detection.

26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the characteristic comprises a velocity of the object as it moves in response to the magnetic pulse.