Enhanced packing of energy storage particles

• US 9,412,523 B2
• Filed: 01/08/2014
• Issued: 08/09/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 09/30/2010
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: BASF SE
• Original Assignee: BASF SE
• Inventors: Costantino, Henry R., Goodwin, Chad, Scott, William D., Feaver, Aaron M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Raymond, Brittany
• Application Number:
  US14/150,547
• Publication Number:
  US 20140220456A1
• Time in Patent Office: 944 Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: H01B 1/04 mainly consisting of carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/00 Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/24 characterised by structural features of the materials making up or comprised in the electrodes, e.g. form, surface area or porosity; characterised by the structural features of powders or particles used therefor
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/30 characterised by their material
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/32 Carbon-based
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/34 characterised by carbonisation or activation of carbon
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/38 Carbon pastes or blends; Binders or additives therein
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/42 Powders or particles, e.g. composition thereof
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/60 characterised by the solvent
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/62 characterised by the solute, e.g. salts, anions or cations therein
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 9/035 Liquid electrolytes, e.g. impregnating materials H01G11/54 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 9/042 characterised by the material H01G11/22 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 9/145 Liquid electrolytic capacitors H01G11/00 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0525 Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0569 characterised by the solvents
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2004/021 Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/364 as mixtures
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/386 Silicon or alloys based on silicon
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/583 Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/587 for inserting or intercalating light metals
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 : Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/13 : Energy storage using capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 : Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/2982 : Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]

Abstract

The present application is generally directed to energy storage materials such as activated carbon comprising enhanced particle packing properties and devices containing the same. The energy storage materials find utility in any number of devices, for example, in electric double layer capacitance devices and batteries. Methods for making the energy storage materials are also disclosed.

Claims

1. A composition comprising an energy storage material and an electrolyte or a gas, the energy storage material comprising a plurality of energy storage particles, wherein the plurality of energy storage particles comprises a particle size distribution such that the equation of a plot of the cumulative finer volume distribution vs. particle size comprises a correlation coefficient of 0.96 or greater relative to the modified Andreassen equation for the particle size distribution, and wherein the modified Andreassen equation comprises a q value of 0.3.

2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the energy storage material comprises a carbon material.

3. The composition of claim 2, wherein the carbon material comprises activated carbon, carbon black or graphite.

4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the energy storage material comprises a carbon material, lead, silicon, lithium, sulfur or combinations thereof.

5. The composition of claim 4, wherein the carbon material comprises activated carbon, carbon black or graphite.

6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the energy storage material comprises a carbon material and silicon.

7. The composition of claim 1, wherein the energy storage material comprises a carbon material and a lithium oxide.

8. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises an electrolyte.

9. The composition of claim 8, wherein the electrolyte comprises lithium ions.

10. The composition of claim 8, wherein the electrolyte comprises a tetralkylammonium salt.

11. The composition of claim 8, wherein the electrolyte comprises an aqueous acid, an aqueous base or an organic solvent.

12. The composition of claim 11, wherein the organic solvent comprises propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, sulfolane, methylsulfolane, acetonitrile or mixtures thereof.

13. The composition of claim 8, wherein the electrolyte comprises a tetraethylammonium or triethylammonium salt or combinations thereof.

14. The composition of claim 8, wherein the electrolyte comprises TEA TFB (tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate), MTEATFB (methyltriethylammonium tetrafluoroborate), EMITFB (1 ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate) or combinations thereof.

15. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises a gas.

16. The composition of claim 15, wherein the gas comprises hydrogen, methane or combinations thereof.

17. The composition of claim 1, wherein the energy storage material comprises a carbon material, and the composition comprises an electrolyte comprising lithium ions.

18. The composition of claim 1, wherein the energy storage material comprises a carbon material and silicon, and the composition comprises an electrolyte comprising lithium ions.

19. The composition of claim 1, wherein the energy storage material comprises a carbon material, and the composition comprises a gas comprising hydrogen.

20. The composition of claim 1, wherein the energy storage material comprises a carbon material, and the composition comprises a gas comprising methane.