Differential charge pump

• US 9,413,362 B2
• Filed: 07/01/2013
• Issued: 08/09/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 01/18/2011
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: pSemi Corporation (Murata Manufacturing Co Limited)
• Original Assignee: Peregrine Semiconductor Corporation (Murata Manufacturing Co Limited)
• Inventors: Englekirk, Robert Mark
• Primary Examiner(s): Donovan, Lincoln
• Assistant Examiner(s): SKIBINSKI, THOMAS S
• Application Number:
  US13/932,996
• Publication Number:
  US 20150002214A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,135 Days
• Field of Search: 327/536, 327/537, 363 59- 61, 365/189.09
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/0032 Control circuits allowing low power mode operation, e.g. in standby mode
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/0045 Converters combining the concepts of switch-mode regulation and linear regulation, e.g. linear pre-regulator to switching converter, linear and switching converter in parallel, same converter or same transistor operating either in linear or switching mode
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/07 using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode , e.g. charge pumps
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/071 adapted to generate a negative voltage output from a positive voltage source
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/073 Charge pumps of the Schenkel-type
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 7/0891 the up-down pulses controlling source and sink current generators, e.g. a charge pump
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

A DC-to-DC voltage converter comprising a differential charge pump that utilizes a differential clocking scheme to reduce output electrical noise by partial cancellation of charge pump glitches (voltage transients), and a corresponding method of operating a differential charge pump. The differential charge pump can be characterized as having at least two charge pump sections that initiate charge pumping in opposite phases of a clock signal to transfer (pump) charge to storage capacitors. The differential charge pump is particularly well suited for implementation in integrated circuit chips requiring negative and/or positive voltages, and multiples of such voltages, based on a single input voltage.

Claims

1. A differential charge pump, including:

(a) a clock signal having a first phase and a second phase, the second phase being different from the first phase, for controlling charge pumping cycles of the differential charge pump;

(b) at least two charge pump sections electrically coupled in parallel to an input voltage source separate from the clock signal, wherein each charge pump section generates an output voltage comprising a charge-pumped multiple of an input voltage from the input voltage source, each charge pump section including at least two charge multiplying stages having an input and an output, the input of each charge multiplying stage being switchably coupled to an associated input voltage source separate from the clock signal and the output of each charge multiplying stage being switchably coupled to one of (i) an associated intermediate storage capacitor shared with at least one other of the at least two charge pump sections or (ii) a common terminal storage capacitor, each charge multiplying stage including;

(1) a fly capacitor having an input and an output;

(2) a first switch coupled between the input of the fly capacitor and an intermediate node, and coupled to and controlled by a selected one of the first phase or the second phase of the clock signal;

(3) a second switch coupled between the intermediate node and the output of the fly capacitor, and coupled to and controlled by a selected one of the second phase or the first phase of the clock signal, the selected phase controlling the second switch being different from the selected phase controlling the first switch; and

wherein the charge pumping cycle in at least a first one of the charge pump sections is initiated on the first phase of the clock signal, and the charge pumping cycle in at least a second one of the charge pump sections is initiated on the second phase of the clock signal, and

wherein the intermediate storage capacitors are substantially smaller than corresponding intermediate storage capacitors of a non-differential charge pump outputting the same output voltage.

2. The differential charge pump of claim 1, wherein the output voltage of the charge pump is the opposite polarity with respect to the input voltage source.

3. The differential charge pump of claim 1, wherein the output voltage of the charge pump is the same polarity with respect to the input voltage source.

4. The differential charge pump of claim 1, wherein each charge pump section includes two charge multiplying stages.

5. The differential charge pump of claim 1, wherein each charge pump section includes at least three charge multiplying stages.

6. The differential charge pump of claim 1, wherein the first switch and the second switch of each charge multiplying stage are field effect transistors.

7. A differential charge pump, including:

(a) means for providing a clock signal having a first phase and a second phase, the second phase being different from the first phase, for controlling charge pumping cycles of the differential charge pump;

(b) a first means for pumping charge coupled to an input voltage source separate from means for providing the clock signal for generating an output voltage comprising a charge-pumped multiple of an input voltage from the input voltage source, the first means for pumping charge including at least two charge multiplying stages having an input and an output, the input of each charge multiplying stage being switchably coupled to an associated input voltage source separate from the clock signal and the output of each charge multiplying stage being switchably coupled to one of (i) an associated intermediate storage capacitor or (ii) a common terminal storage capacitor, each charge multiplying stage including;

(1) a fly capacitor having an input and an output;

(2) a first switch coupled between the input of the fly capacitor and an intermediate node, and coupled to and controlled by a selected one of the first phase or the second phase of the clock signal;

(3) a second switch coupled between the intermediate node and the output of the fly capacitor, and coupled to and controlled by a selected one of the second phase or the first phase of the clock signal, the selected phase controlling the second switch being different from the selected phase controlling the first switch;

(c) a second means for pumping charge electrically coupled to the input voltage source for generating an output voltage comprising a charge-pumped multiple of an input voltage from the input voltage source, and electrically coupled in parallel to the first means for pumping charge, the second means for pumping charge including at least two charge multiplying stages having an input and an output, the input of each charge multiplying stage being switchably coupled to an associated input voltage source separate from the clock signal and the output of each charge multiplying stage being switchably coupled to one of (i) an associated intermediate storage capacitor shared with a corresponding one of the charge multiplying stages of the first means for pumping charge or (ii) a common terminal storage capacitor, each charge multiplying stage including;

(1) a fly capacitor having an input and an output;

(2) a first switch coupled between the input of the fly capacitor and an intermediate node, and coupled to and controlled by a selected one of the first phase or the second phase of the clock signal;

(3) a second switch coupled between the intermediate node and the output of the fly capacitor, and coupled to and controlled by a selected one of the second phase or the first phase of the clock signal, the selected phase controlling the second switch being different from the selected phase controlling the first switch;

(d) means for initiating a charge pumping cycle in the first means for pumping charge on the first phase of the clock signal; and

(e) means for initiating a charge pumping cycle in the second means for pumping charge on the second phase of the clock signal;

wherein the intermediate storage capacitors are substantially smaller than corresponding intermediate storage capacitors of a non-differential charge pump outputting the same output voltage.

8. The differential charge pump of claim 7, wherein the output voltage of the charge pump is the opposite polarity with respect to the input voltage source.

9. The differential charge pump of claim 7, wherein the output voltage of the charge pump is the same polarity with respect to the input voltage source.

10. The differential charge pump of claim 7, wherein the first means for pumping charge and the second means for pumping charge each include two charge multiplying stages.

11. The differential charge pump of claim 7, wherein the first means for pumping charge and the second means for pumping charge each include at least three charge multiplying stages.

12. The differential charge pump of claim 7, wherein the first switch and the second switch of each charge multiplying stage are field effect transistors.

13. A method for operating a charge pump, including the steps of:

(a) providing a clock signal having a first phase and a second phase, the second phase being different from the first phase, for controlling charge pumping cycles of the charge pump;

(b) providing at least two charge pump sections electrically coupled in parallel to an input voltage source separate from the clock signal, wherein each charge pump section generates an output voltage comprising a charge-pumped multiple of an input voltage from the input voltage source, each charge pump section including at least two charge multiplying stages having an input and an output, the input of each charge multiplying stage being switchably coupled to an associated input voltage source separate from the clock signal and the output of each charge multiplying stage being switchably coupled to one of an associated intermediate storage capacitor shared with at least one other of the at least two charge pump sections or a common terminal storage capacitor, each charge multiplying stage including;

(1) a fly capacitor having an input and an output;

(2) a first switch coupled between the input of the fly capacitor and an intermediate node, and coupled to and controlled by a selected one of the first phase or the second phase of the clock signal;

(3) a second switch coupled between the intermediate node and the output of the fly capacitor, and coupled to and controlled by a selected one of the second phase or the first phase of the clock signal, the selected phase controlling the second switch being different from the selected phase controlling the first switch;

(c) initiating a charge pumping cycle in at least a first one of the charge pump sections on the first phase of the clock signal; and

(d) initiating a charge pumping cycle in at least a second one of the charge pump sections on the second phase of the clock signal;

wherein the intermediate storage capacitors are substantially smaller than corresponding intermediate storage capacitors of a non-differential charge pump outputting the same output voltage.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the output voltage of the charge pump is the opposite polarity with respect to the input voltage source.

15. The method of claim 13, wherein the output voltage of the charge pump is the same polarity with respect to the input voltage source.

16. The method of claim 13, wherein each charge pump section includes two charge multiplying stages.

17. The method of claim 13, wherein each charge pump section includes at least three charge multiplying stages.

18. The method of claim 13, wherein the first switch and the second switch of each charge multiplying stage are field effect transistors.

19. A differential charge pump, including:

(a) a clock signal having a first phase and a second phase non-overlapping the first phase, for controlling charge pumping cycles of the differential charge pump; and

(b) at least two charge pump sections electrically coupled in parallel to an input voltage source separate from the clock signal, wherein each charge pump section generates an output voltage comprising a charge-pumped multiple of an input voltage from the input voltage source, each charge pump section including at least two charge multiplying stages having an input and an output, the input of each charge multiplying stage being switchably coupled to an associated input voltage source separate from the clock signal and the output of each charge multiplying stage being switchably coupled to one of an associated intermediate storage capacitor shared with at least one other of the at least two charge pump sections or a common terminal storage capacitor, each charge multiplying stage including;

(1) a fly capacitor having an input and an output;

(2) a first switch coupled between the input of the fly capacitor and an intermediate node, and coupled to and controlled by the first phase of the clock signal;

(3) a second switch coupled between the intermediate node and the output of the fly capacitor, and coupled to and controlled by the second phase of the clock signal;

wherein the charge pumping cycle in at least a first one of the charge pump sections is initiated on the first phase of the clock signal, and the charge pumping cycle in at least a second one of the charge pump sections is initiated on the second phase of the clock signal, and

wherein the intermediate storage capacitors are substantially smaller than corresponding intermediate storage capacitors of a non-differential charge pump outputting the same output voltage.

20. The differential charge pump of claim 19, wherein the output voltage of the charge pump is the opposite polarity with respect to the input voltage source.

21. The differential charge pump of claim 19, wherein the output voltage of the charge pump is the same polarity with respect to the input voltage source.

22. The differential charge pump of claim 19, wherein each charge pump section includes more than two charge multiplying stages.

23. The differential charge pump of claim 19, wherein each charge pump section includes at least three charge multiplying stages.

24. The differential charge pump of claim 19, wherein the first switch and the second switch of each charge multiplying stage are field effect transistors.