Method and apparatus for producing supercontinuum light for medical and biological applications

• US 9,414,887 B2
• Filed: 03/12/2010
• Issued: 08/16/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 03/13/2009
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: City College of New York
• Original Assignee: Robert Alfano
• Inventors: Alfano, Robert R.
• Primary Examiner(s): Thomson, Bill
• Assistant Examiner(s): Shapiro, Victor
• Application Number:
  US12/723,091
• Publication Number:
  US 20100234837A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,349 Days
• Field of Search: 606 2- 19, 607 88- 94, 385/24, 385/117, 600/407, 600/478, 216/48
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 18/20 using laser
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2017/00508 using laser
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2018/1807 using light other than laser radiation
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2018/2065 Multiwave; Wavelength mixing, e.g. using four or more wavelengths
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0066 Optical coherence imaging
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 2005/0659 infrared
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 5/0622 Optical stimulation for exciting neural tissue
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 5/067 using laser light
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/4833 of solid biological material, e.g. tissue samples, cell cultures tissue in vivo A61B5/00; cell suspensions G01N33/48735
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 21/0032 Optical details of illumination, e.g. light-sources, pinholes, beam splitters, slits, fibers G02B21/0036 - G02B21/008; means for illumination of specimens in general G02B21/06
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 21/0064 multi-spectral or wavelength-selective arrangements, e.g. wavelength fan-out, chromatic profiling G02B21/0076 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 21/0084 time-scale detection, e.g. strobed, ultra-fast, heterodyne detection
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/3515 All-optical modulation, gating, switching, e.g. control of a light beam by another light beam G02F1/353, G02F1/37, G02F1/39 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/3528 for producing a supercontinuum
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/3536 Four-wave interaction
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/355 characterised by the materials used
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/3551 Crystals
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/365 in an optical waveguide structure G02F1/377, G02F1/395 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G06N 10/00 Quantum computing, i.e. information processing based on quantum-mechanical phenomena

Abstract

A method and an apparatus are provided for producing SuperContinuum (SC) light for medical and biological applications is provided. Pulses are focused from a laser system into at least one of a pressurized cell and one or more fibers. A pump pulse is converted into the SC light at a specified rate of repetition. The SC light is applied at the specified rate of repetition to tissue for medical and biological applications.

Claims

1. An apparatus for producing SuperContinuum (SC) light for medical and biological applications comprising:

a laser system for producing pulses at <

100femtoseconds (fs) and a spectral irradiance 1-10 GW/nm cm²; and

at least one of a pressurized cell containing a rare gas pressurized at 2-10 atmospheres and comprising at least one of Argon (Ar), Krypton (Kr) and Xenon (Xe) and one or more fibers comprising at least one of microstructure fibers and photonic crystal fibers, for receiving the pulses for conversion into the SC light at a specified rate of repetition and application of the SC light at the specified rate of repetition to a tissue for medical and biological applications, wherein the pulses are focused through a lens having a focal length of approximately 100-200 centimeters (cm) for the pressurized cell, and the pulses are focused through a microscope objective lens having a magnification of approximately 10×

-40×

for the one or more fibers to create nonlinear optical effects in materials that excites molecules into upper electronic states to disassociate polyatomic bonds causing a breakdown in organic molecules for medical and biological applications including at least one of healing wounds, burns, cuts and bruises, fusing arteries, reducing scarring, producing angiogenesis, stimulating nerves, and killing bacteria, viruses and cancer cells.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the pressurized cell has a length of approximately 100 cm.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the pump pulse is 1 milliJoule (mJ) and the specified rate of repetition is 1 kiloHertz (kH).

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the laser system comprises at least one of a Ti-sapphire and Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) laser system with 400 nanometer (nm) and 800 nm pulses, a Cr:

Forsterite laser system with 1250 nm pulses, an LiInGeO4 (LIGO) laser system with 1500 nm pulses, and a LiInSiO4 (LISO) laser system with 1500 nm pulses.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said laser system is adapted to generate SC light that stimulates molecular activity of native molecules in the tissue by exciting electronic states and overtone and combination vibrational states of the native molecules via absorption.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein said laser system is adapted to generate a 280-500 nm band of the SC light to excite the electronic states of the native molecules, and an 800-2500 nm band is used to excite overtone and combination vibrational states of the native molecules.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein said laser system is arranged to excite the native molecules having electronic states of one or more of collagen, elastin, flavins, tryptophan, proteins, DNA and RNA.

8. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein said laser system is arranged to excite the native molecules having overtone and combination vibrational states of one or more of water, collagen and elastin.

9. The apparatus of claim 8, further comprising detection means for detecting absorption peaks of collagen at one or more of 1750 nm, 1950 nm and 2250 nm, and absorption peaks for elastin are at one or more of 1600 nm, 1750 nm, 2150 nm, 2200 nm and 2300 nm.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the nonlinear optical effects comprise SHG, Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS), 4 Wave Mixing (4WM), Third Harmonic Generation (THG) and self focusing.

11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a spectrum of the SC light covering UltraViolet (UV), visible and Near InfraRed (NIR) bands is created through at least one of Self Phase Modulation (SPM). Cross Phase Modulation (XPM) and 4WM.

12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said laser system is arranged to produce an 800-1700 nm band of the SC light stimulates nerves to be activated via vibrational excitation of water and lipid molecules near the nerves for therapeutic improvement of nerve based diseases.

15. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the nonlinear optical effects comprise SHG, Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS), 4 Wave Mixing (4WM), Third Harmonic Generation (THG) and self focusing.

13. An apparatus for producing SuperContinuum (SC) light for medical and biological applications comprising:

a. a laser system for producing pulses of approximately milliJoule (mJ);

b. a first lens having a focal length of approximately 100-200 centimeters (cm) for receiving the pulses produced by the laser system;

c. a pressurized cell, pressurized at 2-10 atmospheres (atm) and having a length of approximately within the range of 100-150 cm, for receiving the pulses after being focused through the first lens for conversion into the SC light at a specified rate of repetition of approximately 1 kiloHertz (kH) at approximately 80 mega Hertz;

d. an exiting second lens receiving the SC light at the specified rate of repetition from the pressurized cell; and

e. an optical filter wheel downstream of said exiting second lens having narrow band filters, approximately 5-100 nanometers (rim) in width, for selectively filtering the SC light, focused through the second lens, for application of the SC light within a band of 280-500 nm at the specified rate of repetition to a tissue to selectively excite electronic states of native molecules and 800-2500 nm band is used to excite overtones and combination vibrational states of the native molecules or of a molecular group or bond to treat a specified medical condition using one, two and three photon absorption.

14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein wherein the SC light has a spectral irradiance of equal to at least 1 GW/nm cm² that creates nonlinear optical effects in materials that excites molecules into upper electronic states and disassociates polyatomic bonds causing a breakdown in organic molecules for medical and biological applications including at least one of healing wounds, burns, cuts and bruises, fusing arteries, reducing scarring, producing angiogenesis, stimulating nerves, and killing bacteria, viruses and cancer cells.

16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein a spectrum of the SC light covering UltraViolet (UV), visible and Near InfraRed (NIR) bands is created through at least one of Self Phase Modulation (SPM), Cross Phase Modulation (XPM) and 4WM use one, two or three photon absorption.

17. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the tissue is irradiated at a level of approximately 100 mW/cm².

18. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the SC light is within wavelength zones of less scattering to enhance using the optical windows of tissue and water like media, imaging deep into tissue when imaging brain, prostate, breast by linear and nonlinear (2 or 3 photon absorption).

19. An apparatus for producing SuperContinuum (SC) light for medical and biological applications comprising:

a. a laser system for producing pulses of approximately milliJoule (mJ);

b. at least one of a first lens having a focal length of approximately 100-200centimeters (cm) and a microscope objective lens having 10×

-40×

magnification for receiving the pulses produced by the laser system;

c. at least one of a pressurized cell, pressurized at 2-10 atmospheres (atm) and having a length of approximately within the range of 100-150 cm, for receiving the pulses after being focused through said first lens for conversion into the SC light at a specified rate of repetition of approximately 1 kiloHertz (kH) at approximately 80 mega Hertz, and one or more fibers for receiving said pulses after passage through said microscope objective lens focusing said pulses into said one or more fibers;

d. an exiting second lens receiving the SC light at the specified rate of repetition from the pressurized cell; and

e. an optical filter wheel downstream of said exiting second lens having narrow band filters, approximately 5-100 nanometers (nm) in width, for selectively filtering the SC light, focused through the second lens, for application of the SC light within a band of 280-500nm at the specified rate of repetition to a tissue to selectively excite electronic states of native molecules and 800-2500 nm band is used to excite overtones and combination vibrational states of the native molecules or of a molecular group or bond to treat a specified medical condition using one, two and three photon absorption.