Apparatus and methods for tuning a communication link for power conservation

• US 9,419,746 B1
• Filed: 05/16/2014
• Issued: 08/16/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 05/16/2014
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Altera Corporation (Intel Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Altera Corporation (Intel Corporation)
• Inventors: Baeckler, Gregg William, Mendel, David W.
• Primary Examiner(s): Ahn, Sam K
• Assistant Examiner(s): Ali, Shawkat M
• Application Number:
  US14/280,351
• Time in Patent Office: 823 Days
• Field of Search: 370/342, 375229-234, 375284-285, 375/295, 375/296, 375/316, 375/345, 375/348, 455/77, 455/226.1
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/0001 Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff adaptive data allocation for multicarrier modulation H04L5/0044; controlling transmission power for radio systems H04W52/04
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/203 Details of error rate determination, e.g. BER, FER or WER
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 25/0264 Arrangements for coupling to transmission lines duplexing arrangements H04L5/14; line equalisers, line build-out devices H04L25/03878
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 25/03031 using only passive components H04L25/03025 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 25/03343 Arrangements at the transmitter end
• CPC Class Codes: Y02D 30/50 in wire-line communication networks, e.g. low power modes or reduced link rate

Abstract

The present disclosure provides apparatus and methods for dynamic analog tuning for power reduction. As disclosed herein, the analog controls on a high-speed serial communication channel are dynamically adjusted in a manner so as to either reduce the total system power or move power dissipation between the transmitter and receiver devices, with little or no negative effect to the bit error rate. One embodiment relates to a method for tuning a communication link. The method includes occasionally determining whether the bit error rate for the communication link is acceptably low. Control parameters for analog circuitry of the communication link are adjusted to decrease power used if the bit error rate is acceptably low and are adjusted to increase power used if the bit error rate is not acceptably low. Other embodiments, aspects and features are also disclosed.

Claims

1. A method for tuning a communication link from a transmitter to a receiver, the method comprising:

waiting until a time to tune the communication link so as to adjust power used during operation of the communication link;

determining a bit error rate for the communication link at the receiver;

comparing the bit error rate against a threshold rate;

adjusting control parameters for an analog circuitry of the communication link for the receiver and communicating control parameter adjustments to the transmitter to decrease power used when the bit error rate is below the threshold rate; and

adjusting the control parameters for the analog circuitry of the communication link for the receiver and communicating the control parameter adjustments to the transmitter to increase power used when the bit error rate is above the threshold rate, wherein the transmitter transmits a serial data signal and includes

a driver to drive the serial data signal onto a communication channel,

a transmitter equalizer to apply pre-emphasis to the serial data signal, and

a transmitter tuning controller which adjusts a differential output voltage of the driver and the pre-emphasis applied by the transmitter equalizer, and wherein the receiver receives the serial data signal and includes

a receiver buffer which receives the serial data signal from the communication channel,

a receiver equalization circuitry which equalizes the serial data signal,

a circuit which processes the serial data signal to generate bit error data, and

a receiver tuning controller which controls a gain of the receiver buffer, which adjusts equalizations applied by the receiver equalization circuitry based on the bit error data and which communicates adjustments to be made by the transmitter to the transmitter tuning controller.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the time to tune the communication link is periodic.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the control parameters for the analog circuitry of the communication link are adjusted to decrease power in an order that is based on power/performance trade-off data for the receiver and the transmitter.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the control parameters for the analog circuitry of the communication link are adjusted to increase power in an opposite order that is based on the power/performance trade-off data for the receiver and the transmitter.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the control parameters for the analog circuitry of the communication link include a number of taps being used by a decision feedback equalizer at the receiver.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the control parameters further include a pre-emphasis applied at the transmitter.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the control parameters further include equalizations applied by a plurality of equalization stages at the receiver.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the control parameters further include a differential output voltage of a driver at the transmitter.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the control parameters further include a gain at the receiver.

10. The method of claim 1, further comprising performance of an initial training for the communication link before said waiting, said comparing and said adjusting, wherein the initial training comprises:

setting the control parameters for the analog circuitry of the communication link to initial settings;

obtaining eye-opening data for the communication link using an eye monitoring circuit;

determining whether an eye opening is acceptably large based on the eye-opening data; and

adjusting the control parameters for the analog circuitry of the communication link to increase power used if the eye opening is not acceptably large.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the initial training ends when the eye opening is determined to be acceptably large.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the eye opening is determined to be acceptably large when a dimension of the eye opening is larger than a threshold dimension.

13. A system for conserving power used to communicate a serial data signal, the system comprising:

a transmitter which transmits the serial data signal, the transmitter including

a driver to drive the serial data signal onto a communication channel,

a transmitter equalizer to apply pre-emphasis to the serial data signal, and

a transmitter tuning controller which adjusts a differential output voltage of the driver and the pre-emphasis applied by the transmitter equalizer; and

a receiver which receives the serial data signal, the receiver including

a receiver buffer which receives the serial data signal from the communication channel,

a receiver equalization circuitry which equalizes the serial data signal,

a circuit which processes the serial data signal to generate bit error data, and

a receiver tuning controller which controls a gain of the receiver buffer, which adjusts equalizations applied by the receiver equalization circuitry based on the bit error data and which communicates adjustments to be made by the transmitter to the transmitter tuning controller,

wherein the receiver tuning controller determines a bit error rate from the bit error data, compares the bit error rate against a threshold rate, determines control parameter adjustments for the receiver and the transmitter to decrease power used when the bit error rate is below the threshold rate, and determines control parameter adjustments for the receiver and the transmitter to increase power used when the bit error rate is above the threshold rate.

14. The system of claim 13, wherein adjustments are made by the receiver and transmitter tuning controllers in an order that is based on power/performance trade-off data for the receiver and the transmitter.

15. The system of claim 13, wherein the control parameter adjustments include an adjustment to a number of taps being used by a decision feedback equalizer at the receiver equalization circuitry.

16. The system of claim 13, wherein the control parameter adjustments include an adjustment to the pre-emphasis applied by the transmitter equalizer.

17. The system of claim 13, wherein the control parameter adjustments include an adjustment to equalizations applied by a plurality of equalization stages at the receiver circuit.

18. The system of claim 13, wherein the control parameter adjustments include an adjustment to the differential output voltage of the driver.

19. The system of claim 13, wherein the control parameter adjustments include an adjustment to a gain at the receiver circuit.