Exercise physiology electrolyte management

• US 9,421,226 B2
• Filed: 07/18/2013
• Issued: 08/23/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 07/18/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Heat Sport Sciences, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Heat Sport Sciences, Inc.
• Inventors: Bartolozzi, Arthur R., Godek, Sandra Fowkes
• Primary Examiner(s): TRAN, SUSAN T
• Application Number:
  US14/414,735
• Publication Number:
  US 20150174162A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,132 Days
• Field of Search: None
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: A23L 2/39 Dry compositions
• CPC Class Codes: A23L 33/16 Inorganic salts, minerals or trace elements
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 2300/00 Mixtures or combinations of active ingredients, wherein at least one active ingredient is fully defined in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/047 having two or more hydroxy groups, e.g. sorbitol
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/70 Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof sorbitol A61K31/047
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/7004 Monosaccharides having only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/7016 Disaccharides, e.g. lactose, lactulose lactobionic acid A61K31/7032
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 33/00 Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 33/14 Alkali metal chlorides; Alkaline earth metal chlorides
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 33/20 Elemental chlorine; Inorganic compounds releasing chlorine
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 9/0095 Drinks; Beverages; Syrups; Compositions for reconstitution thereof, e.g. powders or tablets to be dispersed in a glass of water; Veterinary drenches A61K9/0007 takes precedence; eatable gels or foams A61K9/0056; oral mucosa adhesive forms A61K9/006

Abstract

The present invention provides methods for maintaining electrolyte balance and hydration in a person habituated to strenuous physical exertion by assaying perspiration generated by the person under conditions of strenuous physical exertion to determine the volume of perspiration as a function of duration of exertion and the sodium content of the person'"'"'s perspiration during strenuous physical exertion The person is assigned to one of a plurality of groups of individuals, each group differing in the amount of sodium present in the perspiration and having a unique rehydration solution. The invention also provides for a set rehydration compositions, each member of the set comprising sodium and chloride differing from the weight percentage of sodium in the other members of the set and each member of the set being perceptually labeled to distinguish that member from the other members of the set by one of the human senses.

Claims

1. A method for maintaining electrolyte balance and hydration in a person habituated to strenuous physical exertion comprising:

a. assaying perspiration generated by the person under conditions of strenuous physical exertion to determine

i. volume of perspiration as a function of duration of exertion; and

ii. sodium content of the person'"'"'s perspiration during strenuous physical exertion;

b. assigning the person to one of a plurality of groups of individuals, each group differing in the amount of sodium present in the perspiration during strenuous physical exertion of individuals assigned to that group; and

c. providing to the person after a period of strenuous physical activity a rehydration solution designed for individuals assigned to the group to which the person is assigned;

d. the rehydration solution being provided

i. in an amount comprising from about 50 volume percent to about 125 volume percent of the amount of perspiration generated by the person over the time period;

ii. said solution having from about 75 percent to about 125 percent by weight of the sodium content of the perspiration generated by the person over the time period; and

iii. said solution having at least about 75 percent by weight of chloride compared to the chloride content of the perspiration generated by the person over the time period.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the rehydration solution being provided is in an amount comprising from about 65 volume percent to about 100 volume percent of the amount of perspiration generated by the person over the time period.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the rehydration solution having from about 85 percent to about 115 percent by weight of the sodium content of the perspiration generated by the person over the time period.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein the rehydration solution having at least about 125 percent by weight of chloride compared to the chloride content of the perspiration generated by the person over the time period.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein the assaying further includes determination of the chloride content of the perspiration.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein the assaying further includes determination of the potassium content of the perspiration.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein the rehydration solution is prepared by dissolving a unitary dosage form of solids in water.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein the rehydration solution provided to the person is matched to the group to which he is assigned.

9. The method of claim 1 wherein a plurality of rehydration solutions or precursor solid dosage forms for preparing rehydration solutions are prepared, each matched to one of the groups.

10. The method of claim 1 wherein perspiration which is assayed is located on a plurality of locations on the body of the person.

11. The method of claim 1 wherein the perspiration is collected from about 30 minutes to 60 minutes after initiation of physical exertion.

12. The method of claim 1 wherein the rehydration solution further comprises at least one carbohydrate.

13. The method of claim 12 wherein the carbohydrate is fructose, dextrose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, tagatose, trehalose, isoglucose, mannitol, xylitol, lactibol, sorbitol, isomalt, maltitol, or a combination thereof.

14. A method for maintaining electrolyte balance and hydration in a person habituated to strenuous physical exertion comprising;

a. determining total sodium loss of the person during a time period of strenuous physical exertion;

b. providing to the person after the period of strenuous physical activity a rehydration solution, said solution comprising

i. from about 75 percent to about 125 percent by weight of the sodium loss by the person over the time period;

ii. less than 1 percent potassium compared to the weight of sodium; and

iii. at least about 75 percent chloride by weight of the chloride content of the perspiration generated by the person over the time period.

15. The method of claim 14 wherein the rehydration solution is from about 85 percent to about 115 percent by weight of the sodium loss by the person over the time period.

16. The method of claim 14 wherein the rehydration solution is at least about 125 percent chloride by weight of the chloride content of the perspiration generated by the person over the time period.

17. The method of claim 14 wherein the rehydration solution is prepared by dissolving a unitary dosage form of solids in water.

18. The method of claim 14 wherein the rehydration solution further contains at least one carbohydrate.

19. The method of claim 18 wherein the carbohydrate is fructose, dextrose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, tagatose, trehalose, isoglucose, mannitol, xylitol, lactibol, sorbitol, isomalt, maltitol, or a combination thereof.

20. A method for maintaining electrolyte balance and hydration in a person habituated to strenuous physical exertion comprising:

a. assaying perspiration generated by the person under conditions of strenuous physical exertion to determine

i. volume of perspiration as a function of duration of exertion; and

ii. sodium content of the perspiration

b. assaying urine generated by the person during strenuous physical exertion to determine

i. volume of urine lost and

ii. sodium content of the urine;

c. determining a total loss of sodium by the person over the time period;

d. assigning the person to one of a plurality of groups, each group differing in the amount of sodium present in the perspiration and urine of individuals assigned to the group; and

e. providing to the person after a period of strenuous physical activity a rehydration solution

i. in an amount comprising from about 50 volume percent to about 100 volume percent of the amount of perspiration generated by the person over the time period;

ii. said solution having from about 85 percent to about 115 percent of total loss of sodium by the person over the time period; and

iii. said solution having at least about 75 percent by weight of chloride compared to the chloride content of the perspiration generated by the person over the time period.

21. The method of claim 20 wherein the rehydration solution being provided is in an amount comprising from about 65 volume percent to about 100 volume percent of the amount of perspiration generated by the person over the time period.

22. The method of claim 21 wherein the rehydration solution having from about 90 percent to about 110 percent of total loss of sodium by the person over the time period.

23. The method of claim 21 wherein the rehydration solution having at least about 125 percent by weight of chloride compared to the chloride content of the perspiration generated by the person over the time period.

24. The method of claim 21 wherein the assaying further includes determination of the chloride content of the perspiration.

25. The method of claim 21 wherein the assaying further includes determination of the potassium content of the perspiration.

26. The method of claim 21 wherein the rehydration solution is prepared by dissolving a unitary dosage form of solids in water.

27. The method of claim 21 wherein the rehydration solution provided to the person is matched to the group to which he is assigned.

28. The method of claim 21 wherein a plurality of rehydration solutions are extant, each matched to one of the groups.

29. The method of claim 21 wherein perspiration which is assayed is located on a plurality of locations on the body of the person.

30. The method of claim 21 wherein the perspiration is collected from about 40 minutes to 60 minutes after initiation of physical exertion.

31. The method of claim 21 wherein the rehydration solution contains a carbohydrate or carbohydrates.

32. The method of claim 31 wherein the carbohydrate is fructose, dextrose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, tagatose, trehalose, isoglucose, mannitol, xylitol, lactibol, sorbitol, isomalt, maltitol, or combination thereof.

33. A method for maintaining electrolyte balance and hydration in a person habituated to strenuous physical exertion comprising:

a. assaying perspiration generated by the person under conditions of strenuous physical exertion to determine

i. volume of perspiration as a function of duration of exertion; and

ii. sodium content of the perspiration

b. determining the dietary intake of sodium by the person;

c. determining a total loss of sodium by the person over the time period;

d. assigning the person to one of a plurality of groups, each group differing in the amount of sodium present in the perspiration and the dietary intake of individuals assigned to the group; and

e. providing to the person after a period of strenuous physical activity a rehydration solution

i. in an amount comprising from about 50 volume percent to about 125 volume percent of the amount of perspiration generated by the person over the time period;

ii. said solution having from about 85 percent to about 115 percent of the total loss of sodium by the person over the time period; and

iii. said solution having at least about 75 percent by weight of chloride compared to the chloride content of the perspiration generated by the person over the time period.

34. The method of claim 33 wherein the rehydration solution being provided is in an amount comprising from about 65 volume percent to about 100 volume percent of the amount of perspiration generated by the person over the time period.

35. The method of claim 33 wherein the rehydration solution having from about 90 percent to about 110 percent of the total loss of sodium by the person over the time period.

36. The method of claim 33 wherein the rehydration solution having at least about 125 percent by weight of chloride compared to the chloride content of the perspiration generated by the person over the time period.

37. The method of claim 33 wherein the rehydration solution is prepared by dissolving a unitary dosage form of solids in water.

38. The method of claim 33 wherein the rehydration solution provided to the person is matched to the group to which he is assigned.

39. The method of claim 33 wherein a plurality of rehydration solutions are extant, each matched to one of the groups.

40. The method of claim 33 wherein perspiration which is assayed is located on a plurality of locations on the body of the person.

41. A method for maintaining electrolyte balance and hydration in a collection of persons, each of whom is habituated to strenuous physical exertion comprising:

a. assaying perspiration generated by each person of the group under conditions of strenuous physical exertion to determine

i. volume of perspiration as a function of duration of exertion; and

ii. sodium content of the perspiration

b. assigning each person to one of a plurality of groups, each group differing in the amount of sodium present in the perspiration of individuals assigned to the group; and

c. providing to at least some of the persons after a period of strenuous physical activity a rehydration solution

i. in an amount comprising from 50 volume percent to 125 volume percent of the amount of perspiration generated by the person over the time period;

ii. said solution having from about 75 percent to about 125 percent of the sodium content of the perspiration generated by the person over the time period;

iii. said solution having at least about 110 percent by weight of chloride compared to the chloride content of the perspiration generated by the person over the time period.

42. The method of claim 41 wherein the rehydration solution being provided is in an amount comprising from about 65 volume percent to about 100 volume percent of the amount of perspiration generated by the person over the time period.

43. The method of claim 41 wherein the rehydration solution said solution having from about 85 percent to about 115 percent of the sodium content of the perspiration generated by the person over the time period.

44. The method of claim 41 wherein the rehydration solution having at least about 125 percent by weight of chloride compared to the chloride content of the perspiration generated by the person over the time period.

45. A set of unitary dosage rehydration compositions, each member of the set comprising sodium and chloride;

a. the weight percentage of sodium in each member of the set differing from the weight percentage of sodium in the other members by a difference such that the distribution of the members of the set sufficiently populate the set;

b. the weight percentage of chloride in each member of the set exceeding the weight percentage of sodium in that member by at least about 40 percent; and

c. each member of the set being perceptually labeled to distinguish that member from the other members of the set by one of the human senses.

46. The set of claim 45 wherein the set comprises five members with the set populated with members that have a weight percentage of sodium of about 0.2 percent, 0.4 percent, 0.7 percent, 0.9 percent and 1.11 percent.

47. The set of claim 45 wherein at least one of the members further comprises up to about 0.05 percent by weight potassium.

48. The set of claim 45 wherein at least one of the members further comprises at least one carbohydrate.

49. The set of claim 48 wherein the carbohydrate is fructose, dextrose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, tagatose, trehalose, isoglucose, mannitol, xylitol, lactibol, sorbitol, isomalt, maltitol, or a combination thereof.

50. The set of claim 45 wherein at least one of the members further comprises at least one of potassium, carbohydrate, lactate, urea, calcium, and magnesium.

51. The set of claim 45 wherein the set has at least seven members, the member having the least sodium content having less than about 75 percent by weight of sodium in perspiration, and the member having the highest sodium content having at least about 125 percent by weight of sodium in perspiration.

52. The set of claim 45 wherein the members of the set correspond in sodium and chloride content to the sodium and chloride needs of corresponding groups of persons habituated to strenuous physical exertion over a time interval of such strenuous physical exertion.

53. The set of claim 45 wherein the labeling is in the shape of a container for each member of the set.

54. The set of claim 45 wherein the labeling is in the color of a container for each member of the set.

55. The set of claim 45 wherein the labeling is in the taste or smell of each member of the set.