Systems and methods for moving and circulating fluid to treat alzheimer's disease

• US 9,421,348 B2
• Filed: 09/30/2014
• Issued: 08/23/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 10/01/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Ecole polytechnique fãdãrale de lausanne epfl (Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft)
• Original Assignee: Ecole polytechnique fãdãrale de lausanne epfl (Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft)
• Inventors: Lenihan, Tim, Meadows, Bruce
• Primary Examiner(s): Wiest, Philip R
• Application Number:
  US14/503,094
• Publication Number:
  US 20150094644A1
• Time in Patent Office: 693 Days
• Field of Search: 604 8- 10
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2202/0464 Cerebrospinal fluid
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2210/0693 Brain, cerebrum
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2210/10 Trunk
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2210/1017 Peritoneal cavity
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2210/1021 Abdominal cavity
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2210/1085 Bladder
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 27/006 Cerebrospinal drainage; Accessories therefor, e.g. valves
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 39/24 Check- or non-return valves

Abstract

A system for the treatment of Alzheimer'"'"'s disease is provided by moving cerebrospinal fluid containing particles know to contribute to onset of Alzheimer'"'"'s disease from a source of cerebrospinal fluid to the stomach or bladder, where the particles are safely digested by gastric acid or excreted, the system including an implantable pump, an inlet catheter, an outlet catheter, and a one-way valve. The system further includes at least one filter to filter harmful particles from the cerebrospinal fluid and return the filtered cerebrospinal fluid back to the source of cerebrospinal fluid, where the harmful particles blocked by the filter may be rinsed off the filter and transported to the stomach or bladder.

Claims

1. An apparatus for removing particles contributing to onset of Alzheimer'"'"'s disease from a patient, comprising:

an implantable pump having an inlet port and an outlet port;

an inlet catheter having an inlet end and an outlet end, the inlet end configured to be disposed in fluid communication with a source of cerebrospinal fluid, and the outlet end coupled to the inlet port of the implantable pump;

an outlet catheter having an inlet end and an outlet end, the inlet end in fluid communication with the outlet port of the implantable pump, and the outlet end configured to be disposed through a stomach or bladder wall of the patient;

a fine filter in fluid communication with the implantable pump through the output port of the implantable pump, the fine filter configured to block the particles contributing to onset of Alzheimer'"'"'s disease;

a return catheter having an inlet end coupled to the fine filter, and an outlet end configured to be disposed in fluid communication with a different area in the source of cerebrospinal fluid; and

a reservoir in fluid communication with the fine filter, wherein the reservoir contains cerebrospinal fluid for washing the fine filter,

wherein the inlet end of the outlet catheter is in fluid communication with the output port of the implantable pump through the fine filter.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:

a one-way valve disposed between the inlet end of the inlet catheter and the outlet end of the outlet catheter, the one-way valve configured to permit cerebrospinal fluid to flow only from the inlet catheter to the outlet catheter.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a bacterial filter disposed between the inlet end of the inlet catheter and the outlet end of the outlet catheter.

4. The apparatus of claim 3, further comprising an ultraviolet light module disposed between the inlet end of the inlet catheter and the outlet end of the outlet catheter and configured to irradiate fluid passing through the outlet catheter.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a microcontroller that controls operation of the implantable pump.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, further comprising a pressure sensor disposed in communication with the inlet catheter to monitor pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid at the inlet end of the inlet catheter, wherein the microcontroller activates the implantable pump responsive to an output of the pressure sensor.

7. The apparatus of claim 5, further comprising a flow sensor disposed in communication with the inlet catheter to monitor at least one of volume and flow rate of cerebrospinal fluid passing through the inlet catheter, wherein the microcontroller controls the implantable pump responsive to an output of the flow sensor.

8. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the microcontroller includes a clock, and further is programmed to activate the implantable pump periodically responsive to the clock to pump a predetermined amount of cerebrospinal fluid from the source of cerebrospinal fluid to the stomach or bladder.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:

a battery coupled to the implantable pump; and

an implantable inductive charging circuit coupled to the battery.

10. The apparatus of claim 9, further comprising an extracorporeal controller, the controller including an inductive energy transmission circuit configured to transmit energy to the implantable inductive charging circuit.

11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the microcontroller is coupled to a first transceiver and the controller is coupled to a second transceiver, and the first and second transceivers communicate information relating to at least one of operation of the implantable pump and status of the apparatus.

12. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a valve in fluid communication with the implantable pump, the fine filter, and the reservoir, wherein the valve is configured to transport cerebrospinal fluid from the implantable pump to at least one of the fine filter and the reservoir.

13. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a coarse filter disposed between the implantable pump and the fine filter, wherein:

the coarse filter is configured to block particles larger than the particles contributing to onset of Alzheimer'"'"'s disease in the cerebrospinal fluid from the implantable pump, and transport the filtered cerebrospinal fluid to the fine filter; and

the coarse filter is in fluid communication with the reservoir and the return catheter such that the cerebrospinal fluid contained in the reservoir may wash the particles larger than the particles contributing to onset of Alzheimer'"'"'s disease off the coarse filter and carry the particles to the return catheter for returning to the different area in the source of cerebrospinal fluid.

14. The apparatus of claim 13, further comprising a valve in fluid communication with the reservoir, the fine filter, and the coarse filter, wherein the valve is configured to transport the cerebrospinal fluid contained in the reservoir to at least one of the fine filter and the coarse filter.

15. A method for reducing concentration of particles contributing to onset of Alzheimer'"'"'s disease in a patient'"'"'s brain, comprising:

providing an inlet catheter coupled to an implantable pump;

providing an outlet catheter in fluid communication with the implantable pump;

providing a fine filter in fluid communication with the implantable pump, the fine filter configured to block the particles contributing to onset of Alzheimer'"'"'s disease;

providing a return catheter coupled to the fine filter;

coupling the inlet catheter to a source of cerebrospinal fluid within the patient;

coupling the outlet catheter to at least one of the patient'"'"'s stomach and bladder;

coupling the return catheter to a different area in the source of cerebrospinal fluid within the patient; and

activating the implantable pump to pump at least a portion of cerebrospinal fluid from the source of cerebrospinal fluid to the patient'"'"'s stomach or bladder while preventing backflow of the cerebrospinal fluid to the source of cerebrospinal fluid, to pump at least a portion of cerebrospinal fluid from the source of cerebrospinal fluid to the fine filter via the inlet catheter, and to transport cerebrospinal fluid from the fine filter to the different area in the source of cerebrospinal fluid via the return catheter.

16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:

providing a microcontroller configured to control operation of the implantable pump; and

activating the implantable pump via the microcontroller.

17. The method of claim 15, further comprising:

providing a reservoir storing cerebrospinal fluid and in fluid communication with the fine filter;

coupling the outlet catheter to the fine filter such that the output catheter is in fluid communication with the implantable pump through the fine filter;

rinsing the fine filter with the cerebrospinal fluid stored in the reservoir; and

transporting the cerebrospinal fluid rinsing the fine filter to at least one of the patient'"'"'s stomach and bladder via the outlet catheter.

18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:

positioning a coarse filter between the implantable pump and the fine filter such that the coarse filter is in fluid communication with the implantable pump and the fine filter;

filtering the at least a portion of cerebrospinal fluid pumped from the source of cerebrospinal fluid using the coarse filter; and

transporting the filtered cerebrospinal fluid to the fine filter.

19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:

coupling the coarse filter to the return catheter;

connecting the coarse filter with the reservoir such that the coarse filter is in fluid communication with the reservoir;

rinsing the coarse filter with the cerebrospinal fluid stored in the reservoir; and

transporting the cerebrospinal fluid rinsing the coarse filter to the return catheter for returning to the different area in the source of cerebrospinal fluid.

20. The method of claim 15, further comprising:

providing a battery coupled to the implantable pump, the battery further coupled to an implantable inductive charging circuit;

providing an extracorporeal controller, the controller including an inductive energy transmission circuit configured to transmit energy to the implantable inductive charging circuit; and

transmitting energy to the implantable inductive charging circuit via the controller to power the implantable pump.