State of charge determination

• US 9,423,465 B1
• Filed: 06/30/2015
• Issued: 08/23/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 06/30/2015
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Volvo Battery Solutions LLC
• Original Assignee: Proterra AG
• Inventors: Watts, Ryan P.
• Primary Examiner(s): PELTON, NATHANIEL R
• Application Number:
  US14/755,891
• Time in Patent Office: 420 Days
• Field of Search: 320/132, 320/162
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/547 Voltage
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/549 Current
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 5/42 for collecting current from individual contact pieces connected to the power supply line
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/14 Conductive energy transfer
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/32 by charging in short intervals along the itinerary, e.g. during short stops
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/62 in response to charging parameters, e.g. current, voltage or electrical charge
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/13 Maintaining the SoC within a determined range
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/3835 involving only voltage measurements
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/3842 combining voltage and current measurements
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0068 Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply H02J7/0013 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00716 in response to integrated charge or discharge current
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/12 Electric charging stations
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/14 Plug-in electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/16 Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles

Abstract

A method of determining the state of charge of a battery during charging may include providing a charging current having a first magnitude to the battery for charging, and changing a magnitude of the charging current from the first magnitude to a second magnitude. The second magnitude may be equal to the magnitude of current discharged from the battery during the charging. The method may also include determining a voltage across the battery after the changing, and determining a state of charge of the battery as a function of the determined voltage from a battery characterization curve.

Claims

1. A method of determining the state of charge of a battery of an electric vehicle during charging at a charging station, comprising:

providing a charging current having a first magnitude from the charging station to the battery of the electric vehicle;

decreasing a magnitude of the charging current from the first magnitude to a second magnitude after a first predetermined time, wherein the first predetermined time is a value preprogrammed into a control system that controls the charging, and wherein the second magnitude is the magnitude of current discharged from the battery during the charging;

determining a voltage across the battery while providing the second magnitude of current to the battery;

determining a state of charge of the battery as a function of the determined voltage from a battery characterization curve; and

increasing the magnitude of the charging current from the second magnitude to a third magnitude after determining the state of charge.

2. The method of claim 1, further including determining a state of charge of the battery by coulomb counting before changing the magnitude of the current, and correcting the state of charge determined by coulomb counting using the state of charge determined from the battery characterization curve.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the voltage includes determining the voltage after the second magnitude of current is provided to the battery for a second predetermined time.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the second predetermined time is a value of time preprogrammed into the control system.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first predetermined time depends on a total charging time of the electric vehicle.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the electric vehicle is a bus and electrically connecting the battery to the charging station includes connecting a charging interface on a roof of the bus to an overhanging charge head of the charging station.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein changing a magnitude of the charging current includes periodically changing the magnitude of the current from the first magnitude to the second magnitude during the charging.

8. A method of determining the state of charge of a battery of an electric vehicle during charging, comprising:

providing a charging current to the battery during a charging event, the charging current having a first magnitude;

determining a magnitude of current discharged from the battery during the charging event;

periodically decreasing the magnitude of the charging current from the first magnitude to a second magnitude after a predetermined period of time, the predetermined period of time being a value preprogrammed into a control system that controls the charging event, wherein the second magnitude is substantially equal to the determined magnitude of current;

determining a voltage across the battery while providing the second magnitude of current to the battery;

determining a state of charge of the battery corresponding to the determined voltage from a battery characterization curve; and

changing the magnitude of current provided to the battery to a higher value after determining the state of charge.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein providing charging current to the battery includes providing the charging current from an external power supply.

10. The method of claim 8, wherein determining the voltage includes determining the voltage after providing the battery with current having the second magnitude for a predetermined time.

11. The method of claim 8, wherein the battery is a battery of an electric bus.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the battery includes one of lithium titanate oxide or nickel manganese cobalt.

13. A charging system for a battery, comprising:

one or more batteries;

a charging interface configured to electrically connect the one or more batteries to a power supply for charging; and

a control system configured to;

provide a charging current having a first magnitude to the one or more batteries for charging;

decrease a magnitude of the charging current from the first magnitude to a second magnitude after a first predetermined time, wherein the first predetermined time is a value preprogrammed into the control system, and wherein the second magnitude is the magnitude of current discharged from the one or more batteries during the charging;

determine a state of charge of the one or more batteries while being provided with charging current having the second magnitude; and

change the magnitude of the charging current from the second magnitude to a third magnitude after determining the state of charge, wherein the third magnitude is greater than the second magnitude.

14. The system of claim 13, wherein determining the state of charge includes determining a voltage across the one or more batteries, and determining a state of charge of the battery corresponding to the determined voltage from a battery characterization curve.

15. The system of claim 13, wherein the one or more batteries are included in an electric vehicle and the power supply is an external power supply.

16. The system of claim 15, wherein the electric vehicle is an electric bus and the one or more batteries include one of lithium titanate oxide or nickel manganese cobalt.

17. The system of claim 13, wherein the control system is configured to provide the one or more batteries with charging current having the second magnitude for a second predetermined time before determining the state of charge.