Energy source systems having devices with differential states of charge

• US 9,425,492 B2
• Filed: 03/16/2012
• Issued: 08/23/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 03/16/2011
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: CPS Technology Holdings, LLC
• Original Assignee: Johnson Controls Technology Company (Johnson Controls International plc)
• Inventors: Mao, Ou, Zhang, Qi, Watson, Thomas M., Jiang, Junwei
• Primary Examiner(s): Dunn, Drew A
• Assistant Examiner(s): Robbins, Jerry D
• Application Number:
  US13/422,246
• Publication Number:
  US 20120235642A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,621 Days
• Field of Search: 320/112
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2210/10 DC to DC converters
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/547 Voltage
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/549 Current
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/662 Temperature
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 3/0046 relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 3/04 Cutting off the power supply under fault conditions protective devices and circuit arrangements in general H01H; H02H
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/16 with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/40 using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/64 Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/66 Arrangements of batteries
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/14 Preventing excessive discharging
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/15 Preventing overcharging
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/20 having different nominal voltages
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/22 Balancing the charge of battery modules
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/14 Arrangements or processes for adjusting or protecting hybrid or EDL capacitors emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for capacitors, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions H02H7/16; emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltages without disconnection H02H9/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/052 Li-accumulators
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/06 Lead-acid accumulators semi-lead accumulators H01M10/20
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/4257 Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/4264 with capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/441 for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/48 : Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals, H01M50/569
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 16/00 : Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2220/20 : Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/209 : adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells H01M50/216 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/296 : characterised by terminals of battery packs terminals of batteries H01M50/543
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0014 : Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0031 : using battery or load disconnect circuits H02J9/002 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0048 : Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/005 : Detection of state of health [SOH]
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/1423 : with multiple batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/345 : using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 : Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/13 : Energy storage using capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 70/50 : Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 : Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 : Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/72 : Electric energy management in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/16 : Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 29/49108 : Electric battery cell making

Abstract

A system includes housing having a positive terminal and a negative terminal and one or more energy storage devices disposed therein. One system includes a first energy storage device that operates at a first state of charge level and a second energy storage device that operates at a second state of charge level. The second state of charge level is greater than the first state of charge level.

Claims

1. An energy source system, comprising:

a housing comprising a positive terminal and a negative terminal;

a first electrochemical energy storage device comprising a Li-ion battery disposed in the housing and configured to operate at a first state of charge level, wherein the first state of charge level is 30%, and wherein the first electrochemical energy storage device is configured to receive regenerative energy from a regenerative braking event associated with operation of a vehicle;

a second electrochemical energy storage device comprising a Pb-acid battery disposed in the housing and configured to operate at a second state of charge level, wherein the second state of charge level is 80%, and wherein the first electrochemical energy storage device comprises a greater charging rate than the second energy storage device; and

a controller disposed in the housing and coupled to the first electrochemical energy storage device and the second electrochemical energy storage device and configured to control the charging and discharging of the first electrochemical energy storage device and the second electrochemical energy storage device, wherein the controller is configured to control charging of the first electrochemical energy storage device to maintain the first state of charge level and to control charging of the second electrochemical energy storage device to maintain the second state of charge level, and wherein the controller is configured to control the first electrochemical energy storage device to discharge to meet a cold cranking requirement of an internal combustion engine of a vehicle and to control the second electrochemical energy storage device to discharge to provide energy for operation of the vehicle.

2. The energy source system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to control one of the first electrochemical energy storage device or the second electrochemical energy storage device to supplement power provided by the other of the first electrochemical energy storage device or the second electrochemical energy storage device based on a rate of change of a current draw of the other of the first electrochemical energy storage device or the second electrochemical energy storage device.

3. An energy storage system, comprising:

a housing comprising a positive terminal and a negative terminal;

a first electrochemical energy storage device comprising a Li-ion battery disposed in the housing and comprising a first charging rate during charging of the energy storage system, wherein the first electrochemical energy storage device is configured to operate at a first state of charge of 30%;

a second electrochemical energy storage device comprising a Pb-acid battery disposed in the housing and comprising a second charging rate during charging of the energy storage system, wherein the first charging rate is greater than the second charging rate, and the second electrochemical energy storage device is configured to operate at a second state of charge of 80%; and

a controller coupled to the first energy storage device and the second energy storage device and configured to control charging of the energy storage system during a regenerative braking event associated with operation of a vehicle such that the first energy storage device is configured to receive regenerative energy associated with the regenerative braking event at the first charging rate, the controller is configured to control the Li-ion battery to discharge to meet a cold cranking requirement of the vehicle and the control the second electrochemical energy storage device to discharge to provide energy for operation of the vehicle, and the controller is configured to control charging of the first electrochemical energy storage device to maintain the first state of charge and to control charging of the second electrochemical energy storage device to maintain the second state of charge.

4. An energy source system, comprising:

a housing comprising a positive terminal and a negative terminal;

a first electrochemical energy storage device comprising a Li-ion battery disposed in the housing and comprising a first charge acceptance rate, wherein the first electrochemical energy storage device is operated by a controller to meet a cold cranking requirement of an internal combustion engine of a vehicle while discharging, and the first electrochemical energy storage device is configured to operate at 30% state of charge (SOC);

a second electrochemical energy storage device comprising a Pb-acid battery disposed in the housing and comprising a second charge acceptance rate, wherein the second charge acceptance rate is less than the first charge acceptance rate, the second electrochemical energy storage device is configured to discharge to provide energy for operation of the vehicle, and the second electrochemical energy storage device is configured to operate at 80% SOC; and

a controller coupled to the first electrochemical energy storage device and the second electrochemical energy storage device, wherein the controller is configured to control charging of the first electrochemical energy storage device to maintain the 30% SOC and to control charging of the second electrochemical energy storage device to maintain the 80% SOC.

5. The system of claim 4, wherein the controller is disposed within the housing.

6. The system of claim 4, wherein the controller is configured to control the first electrochemical energy storage device to receive regenerative energy associated with a regenerative braking event of a vehicle at the first charge acceptance rate.

7. An energy source system, comprising:

a vehicle;

an energy storage device disposed in the vehicle, wherein the energy storage device comprises;

a housing comprising a positive terminal and a negative terminal;

a first electrochemical energy storage device comprising a Li-ion battery disposed in the housing and configured to operate at a first state of charge level, wherein the first electrochemical energy storage device is operated by a controller to meet a cold cranking requirement of an internal combustion engine of the vehicle, and wherein the controller is configured to control charging of the first electrochemical energy storage device to maintain the first state of charge level, and the first state of charge level is 30%;

a second electrochemical energy storage device comprising a Pb-acid battery disposed in the housing and configured to operate at a second state of charge level to discharge to provide energy for operation of the vehicle, wherein the second state of charge level is greater than the first state of charge level, wherein the first electrochemical energy storage device comprises a greater charging rate than the second energy storage device, and wherein the controller is configured to control charging of the second electrochemical energy storage device to maintain the second state of charge level, and the second state of charge level is 80%; and

a controller coupled to the first electrochemical energy storage device and the second electrochemical energy storage device, wherein the controller is configured to control charging of the first electrochemical energy storage device to maintain the first state of charge level and to control charging of the second electrochemical energy storage device to maintain the second state of charge level.