System and method for diagnosis and treatment of a breathing pattern of a patient

• US 9,427,539 B2
• Filed: 02/04/2016
• Issued: 08/30/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 08/14/2003
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: New York University
• Original Assignee: New York University
• Inventors: Rapoport, David M., Norman, Robert G.
• Primary Examiner(s): Natnithithadha, Navin
• Application Number:
  US15/015,944
• Publication Number:
  US 20160151595A1
• Time in Patent Office: 208 Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0205 Simultaneously evaluating both cardiovascular conditions and different types of body conditions, e.g. heart and respiratory condition
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/021 Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels A61B5/0205 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/024 Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate A61B5/0205, A61B5/021 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0816 Measuring devices for examining respiratory frequency measuring frequency of electric signals G01R23/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0826 Detecting or evaluating apnoea events A61B5/4818 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/087 Measuring breath flow
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/369 Electroencephalography [EEG] devices for psychotechnics A61B5/16
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/4809 Sleep detection, i.e. determining whether a subject is asleep or not
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/4812 Detecting sleep stages or cycles
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/4818 Sleep apnoea
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/4836 Diagnosis combined with treatment in closed-loop systems or methods A61B5/0036 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7267 involving training the classification device
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7282 Event detection, e.g. detecting unique waveforms indicative of a medical condition A61B5/4094, A61B5/4818, A61B5/349, A61B5/0823 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/0003 Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/0066 Blowers or centrifugal pumps
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/0069 the speed thereof being controlled by respiratory parameters, e.g. by inhalation
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/026 specially adapted for predicting, e.g. for determining an information representative of a flow limitation during a ventilation cycle by using a root square technique or a regression analysis
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/06 Respiratory or anaesthetic masks
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2016/0021 with a proportional output signal, e.g. from a thermistor
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2016/0027 pressure meter
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2016/003 : with a flowmeter
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2016/0033 : electrical
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2016/0039 : in the inspiratory circuit
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2016/0042 : in the expiratory circuit
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3334 : Measuring or controlling the flow rate
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3344 : Measuring or controlling pressure at the body treatment site
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2230/04 : Heartbeat characteristics, e.g. ECG, blood pressure modulation
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2230/10 : Electroencephalographic signals
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2230/18 : Rapid eye-movements [REM]
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2230/30 : Blood pressure A61M2230/04 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2230/42 : Rate
• CPC Class Codes: G16H 50/70 : for mining of medical data, e.g. analysing previous cases of other patients
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 128/925 : Neural network

Abstract

Described is a system including a sensor and a processing arrangement. The sensor measures data corresponding to a patient'"'"'s breathing patterns. The processing arrangement analyzes the breathing patterns to determine whether the breathing patterns are indicative of a REM sleep state. In another embodiment, the processing arrangement analyzes the breathing patterns to determine whether the breathing patterns are indicative of one of the following states: (i) a wake state and (ii) a sleep state. In another embodiment, a neural network analyzes the data to determine whether the breathing patterns are indicative of one of the following states: (i) a REM sleep state, (ii) a wake state and (iii) a sleep state. In another embodiment, the processing arrangement analyzes the data to determine whether the breathing pattern is indicative of an arousal.

Claims

1. A positive airway pressure system for treatment of a sleeping disorder in a patient, the system comprising:

a generator supplying airflow to an airway of a patient;

one or more flow sensors measuring data corresponding to the supplied airflow; and

at least one hardware processor,

wherein the hardware processor receives the measured data from the one or more flow sensors and provides operational control signals to the generator,

wherein the hardware processor analyzes the measured data to determine whether a patient breathing pattern indicative at least one transition between an awake state and an asleep state has occurred, the hardware processor providing instructions to the generator to adjust the applied pressure in response to the patient'"'"'s breathing patterns indicative of the at least one transition.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the one or more flow sensors comprise at least one of an airflow sensor or a pressure sensor.

3. The system according to claim 2, wherein the hardware processor determines the breathing patterns using the measured airflow rate or pressure.

4. The system according to claim 1, wherein the measured data is stored in a database in communication with the hardware processor, the hardware processor determining the patient'"'"'s breathing patterns using the data stored in the database.

5. The system according to claim 1, wherein when the patient breathing pattern indicative of a change from the awake state to the asleep state has occurred, the hardware processor transmits an operational control signal to the generator to increase a pressure of airflow provided to the patient.

6. The system according to claim 5, wherein the hardware processor determines that the patient breathing pattern indicative of a change from the awake state to the asleep state has occurred when the patient breathing pattern indicates regularity of breathing.

7. The system according to claim 5, wherein the hardware processor determines the patient breathing pattern indicative of a change from the awake state to the asleep state has occurred when the patient breathing pattern indicates a regular period of obstructions.

8. The system according to claim 5, wherein the hardware processor monitors the measured data for at least one of a regularity of breathing or a regular period of obstructions.

9. The system according to claim 1, wherein when the hardware processor determines that a patient breathing pattern indicative of a change from an asleep state to an awake state has occurred, the hardware processor transmits an operational control signal to the generator to decrease a pressure of airflow provided to the patient.

10. The system according to claim 1, wherein when the hardware processor determines that a breathing pattern indicative of one of an elevated upper airway resistance, hypopnea or a repetitive obstructive apnea has occurred, the hardware processor transmits an operational control signal to the generator to increase the pressure supplied by the generator.

11. A method for treatment of sleeping disorder in a patient using a positive airway pressure, the method comprising:

supplying an airflow to an airway of a patient using a flow generator;

measuring data corresponding to changes in flow or pressure of the airflow supplied to the patient using at least one of a flow sensor or a pressure sensor;

analyzing, using a hardware processor, the measured data to determine whether the data includes breathing patterns indicative of at least one of an awake state or an asleep state;

when a breathing pattern indicates a transition has occurred between an awake state and an asleep state, adjusting the supplied pressure to a first value.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the measured data includes one of an airflow rate and an applied pressure.

13. The method according to claim 11, further comprising placing a mask on a face of the patient and covering at least one of the mouth and the nose of the patient.

14. The method according to claim 11, further comprising storing the measured data in a database in communication with the hardware processor and determining the patient'"'"'s breathing pattern based on the measured data stored in the database.

15. The method according to claim 11, further comprising controlling the generator to reduce the supplied pressure when a breathing pattern indicative of a change from an asleep state to an awake state is detected.

16. The method according to claim 11, further comprising controlling the flow generator to increase the supplied pressure when a breathing pattern indicative of a change from an awake state to an asleep state is detected.

17. The method according to claim 11, further comprising controlling the generator to increase the supplied pressure when a breathing pattern indicative of one of an elevated upper airway resistance, hypopnea or a repetitive obstructive apnea is detected.

18. The method according to claim 11, further comprising analyzing the breathing patterns to determine when the patient transitions from an awake state to an asleep state.

19. The method according to claim 18, wherein a transition from an awake state to an asleep state is determined to have occurred when a regularity of breathing is detected.

20. The method according to claim 18, wherein a transition from an awake state to an asleep state is determined to have occurred when a series of obstructions are detected.

21. The method according to claim 18, wherein a transition from an awake state to an asleep state is determined to have occurred when one of a plurality of indictors is present, the indicators being regularity of breathing and a series of obstructions.

22. The method according to claim 18, further comprising increasing pressure provided to the patient when a determination of a transition from an awake state to an asleep state has occurred.

23. The method according to claim 18, further comprising ramping pressure provided to the patient when a breathing pattern indicative of a transition from an awake state to an asleep state has occurred.

24. A positive airway pressure system for treatment of a sleeping disorder in a patient, comprising:

a generator supplying airflow and applying a pressure to an airway of a patient;

a sensor measuring data corresponding to patient'"'"'s breathing patterns from data indicate of the airflow supplied to the patient using at least one of a flow sensor or pressure sensor; and

a hardware processor analyzing the breathing patterns to determine whether breathing patterns indicate an asleep state or an awake state have occurred.

25. The positive airway pressure system according to claim 24, wherein the hardware processor further analyzes the breathing patterns to determine whether breathing patterns indicative of a transition from an awake state to an asleep state have occurred.

26. The positive airway pressure system according to claim 25, wherein the hardware processor determines that breathing pattern indicative of a transition from an awake state to an asleep state occurs when a regularity of breathing is detected.

27. The positive airway pressure system according to claim 25, the hardware processor determines that a transition from an awake state to an asleep state occurs when a series of obstructions are detected.

28. The positive airway pressure system according to claim 25, the hardware processor determines that a breathing pattern indicative of a transition from an awake state to an asleep state occurs when one of a plurality of indictors is present, the indicators being regularity of breathing and a series of obstructions.

29. The positive airway pressure system according to claim 28, wherein the hardware processor sends a control signal to the generator to increase pressure provided to the patient when the hardware processor determines that a breathing pattern indicative of a transition from an awake state to an asleep state has occurred.

30. The positive airway pressure system according to claim 29, wherein the generator is configured to use a ramp system to increase pressure.