Systems and methods for efficiently charging power recovery controller

• US 9,428,069 B2
• Filed: 03/28/2014
• Issued: 08/30/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 12/26/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Bionatus, LLC
• Original Assignee: Colorado Energy Research Technologies, LLC
• Inventors: Powell, Wayne J., Boehmer, Robert D., Johnson, Lee L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Memula, Suresh
• Application Number:
  US14/229,236
• Publication Number:
  US 20140210398A1
• Time in Patent Office: 886 Days
• Field of Search: 320/104
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/20 characterised by converters located in the vehicle
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2207/40 adapted for charging from various sources, e.g. AC, DC or multivoltage
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2310/48 for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00034 Charger exchanging data with an electronic device, i.e. telephone, whose internal battery is under charge
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00711 with introduction of pulses during the charging process
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/1415 with a generator driven by a prime mover other than the motor of a vehicle
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/1492 by means of controlling devices between the generator output and the battery
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/345 using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/14 Plug-in electric vehicles

Abstract

The inventive subject matter provides systems and methods for efficiently charging a battery of a vehicle using a regenerative braking system. In one aspect of the invention, the battery charging system includes a regenerative braking system that is configured to convert mechanical energy from braking of the vehicle into electrical energy. The battery charging system also includes a bank of capacitors that is configured to store the electrical energy generated by the regenerative braking system. The battery charging system also includes a circuit that is configured to feed into the battery at least a portion of the electrical energy stored in the bank of capacitors as a series of current pulses at a frequency that corresponds to a resonant frequency of the battery. The series of pulses includes constructive resonant ringing that is constructive with respect to charging the battery.

Claims

1. A method of charging a battery of a vehicle using a regenerative braking system, comprising:

converting, by the regenerative braking system, mechanical energy from braking of the vehicle, into electrical energy;

storing the electrical energy in a bank of capacitors;

generating, by a pulsing circuit and from at least a portion of the electrical energy stored in the bank of capacitors, a series of current pulses at a frequency corresponding to a resonant frequency of the battery, wherein the series of current pulses comprises constructive resonant ringing that is constructive with respect to charging the battery; and

feeding the series of current pulses through the battery.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the bank of capacitors comprises a super-capacitor.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the vehicle is an electric vehicle.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the vehicle is a hybrid vehicle.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the constructive resonant ringing comprises a decaying oscillation of current.

6. The method of claim 5, further comprising artificially enhancing the constructive resonant ringing in the series of current pulses.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the battery comprises a primary battery.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the battery comprises a secondary battery.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein feeding the series of current pulses comprises:

feeding a first subset of the series of current pulses through the battery at the frequency during a first interval of time;

providing a resting period where no current pulse is fed through the battery; and

feeding a second subset of the series of current pulses through the battery at the resonant frequency during a subsequent, second interval of time.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the resting period has a duration that spans at least three consecutive current pulses in the first subset of the series of current pulses.

11. The method of claim 9, wherein the resting period has a duration that spans at least the same amount of time as the first interval of time.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein the series of current pulses is operated at a duty cycle of no more than 50%.

13. The method of claim 1, wherein feeding the series of current pulses comprises feeding the pulses at a frequency that is within 5% of the resonant frequency of the battery.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the resonant frequency of the battery is a frequency at which the battery accepts electric charges at an optimal efficiency within a range of frequencies.

15. A battery charging system for charging a battery of a vehicle, comprising:

a regenerative braking system configured to convert mechanical energy from braking of the vehicle into electrical energy;

a bank of capacitors configured to store the electrical energy generated by the regenerative braking system; and

a circuit configured to feed into the battery at least a portion of the electrical energy stored in the bank of capacitors as a series of current pulses at a frequency corresponding to a resonant frequency of the battery,

wherein the series of pulses comprises constructive resonant ringing that is constructive with respect to charging the battery.

16. The battery charging system of claim 15, wherein the capacitors are super-capacitors.

17. The battery charging system of claim 15, wherein the vehicle is an electric vehicle.

18. The battery charging system of claim 15, wherein the vehicle is a hybrid vehicle.

19. The battery charging system of claim 15, wherein the constructive resonant ringing comprises a decaying oscillation of current.

20. The battery charging system of claim 19, further comprising artificially enhancing the constructive resonant ringing in the series of current pulses.

21. The battery charging system of claim 15, wherein the battery comprises a primary battery.

22. The battery charging system of claim 15, wherein the battery comprises a secondary battery.

23. The battery charging system of claim 15, wherein the circuit is further configured to:

feeding a first subset of the series of current pulses through the battery at the frequency during a first interval of time;

providing a resting period of a duration where no current pulse is fed through the battery; and

feeding a second subset of the series of current pulses through the battery at the frequency during a subsequent, second interval of time.

24. The battery charging system of claim 23, wherein has a duration that spans at least three consecutive current pulses in the first subset of the series of current pulses.

25. The battery charging system of claim 23, wherein the resting period has a duration that spans at least the same amount of time as the first interval of time.

26. The battery charging system of claim 15, wherein the series of current pulses is operated at a duty cycle of no more than 50%.

27. The battery charging system of claim 15, wherein feeding the series of current pulses comprises feeding the pulses at a frequency that is within 5% of the resonant frequency of the battery.

28. The battery charging system of claim 15, wherein the resonant frequency of the battery is a frequency at which the battery accepts electric charges at an optimal efficiency within a range of frequencies.