Energy storage arrangement

• US 9,431,180 B2
• Filed: 01/27/2012
• Issued: 08/30/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 04/12/2011
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Audi AG (Volkswagen AG)
• Original Assignee: Audi AG (Volkswagen AG)
• Inventors: Winkler, Josef
• Primary Examiner(s): Deberadinis, Robert
• Application Number:
  US14/111,313
• Publication Number:
  US 20140327298A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,677 Days
• Field of Search: 307/9.1
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/545 Temperature
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 3/0046 relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 3/04 Cutting off the power supply under fault conditions protective devices and circuit arrangements in general H01H; H02H
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/40 using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/64 Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/13 Maintaining the SoC within a determined range
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/16 responding to battery ageing, e.g. to the number of charging cycles or the state of health [SoH]
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/20 having different nominal voltages
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/24 for controlling the temperature of batteries
• CPC Class Codes: B60R 16/033 characterised by the use of electrical cells or batteries for propulsion puposes B60K1/04; supplying batteries to, or removing batteries from, vehicles B60S5/06; testing of charge state G01R31/36
• CPC Class Codes: F02N 11/0866 comprising several power sources, e.g. battery and capacitor or two batteries
• CPC Class Codes: F02N 11/087 Details of the switching means in starting circuits, e.g. relays or electronic switches
• CPC Class Codes: F02N 2011/0885 Capacitors, e.g. for additional power supply
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/10 Multiple hybrid or EDL capacitors, e.g. arrays or modules housings, cases, encapsulations or mountings thereof H01G11/78
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/052 Li-accumulators
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0525 Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/12 Construction or manufacture
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/30 Nickel accumulators H01M10/34 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/345 Gastight metal hydride accumulators
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/4264 with capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 16/00 : Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2220/20 : Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2310/46 : for ICE-powered road vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/1423 : with multiple batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/34 : Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering H02J7/14 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 : Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 70/50 : Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 : Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Abstract

An energy storage arrangement includes at least two rechargeable energy storage devices connected in parallel. A first energy storage device has a plurality of lead-based storage elements, and a second energy storage device has a plurality of lithium-based storage elements. Between charge state limits of 0 to 100% a charge state interval is achieved in which the nominal voltage of the second energy storage device is in a range between the maximum charging voltage and the nominal voltage of the first energy storage device.

Claims

1. An energy storage arrangement, comprising:

a first rechargeable energy storage device comprising a plurality of lead-based storage elements,

a second rechargeable energy storage device comprising a plurality of lithium-based storage elements, at least one capacitor, the first and second rechargeable energy storage devices are connected in parallel,

wherein a state of charge interval is defined between state of charge boundaries of 0 and 100%, wherein a nominal voltage of the second energy storage device in the state of charge interval is in a range between a maximum charging voltage and a nominal voltage of the first energy storage device.

2. The energy storage arrangement of claim 1, wherein the state of charge interval is between a state of charge of 20% and 80%.

3. The energy storage arrangement of claim 1, wherein the state of charge interval is between a state of charge of 40% and 60%.

4. The energy storage arrangement of claim 1, wherein the state of charge interval is between a state of charge of 45% and 55%.

5. The energy storage arrangement of claim 1, wherein the lithium-based storage elements of the second energy storage devices are connected in series.

6. The energy storage arrangement of claim 1, wherein the plurality of lithium-based storage elements comprises at least one assembly selected from:

6 storage elements based on lithium-titanate,

4 storage elements based on lithium,

3 storage elements based on lithium and 1 storage element based on a lithium-iron-phosphate compound,

4 storage elements based on lithium-titanate and 1 storage element based on lithium,

3 storage elements based on lithium-titanate and 2 storage elements based on lithium,

3 storage elements based on titanate and 2 storage elements based on a lithium-iron-phosphate compound,

2 storage elements based on lithium and two storage elements based on a lithium-iron-phosphate compound, and

3 storage elements based on lithium and 1 storage element based on lithium-titanate.

7. The energy storage arrangement of claim 1, wherein the plurality of lithium-based storage elements comprises at least one assembly selected from:

7 storage elements based on lithium,

7 storage elements based on lithium and 1 storage element based on lithium-titanate,

6 storage elements based on lithium and two storage elements based on lithium-titanate, and 11 storage devices based on lithium-titanate.

8. The energy storage arrangement of claim 1, wherein the at least one capacitor is a double-layer capacitor.

9. The energy storage arrangement of claim 1, wherein the at least one capacitor is connected in series with the plurality of lithium-based storage elements.

10. The energy storage arrangement of claim 1, wherein the second energy storage device comprises at least 5 storage elements based on lithium-titanate and the at least one capacitor, or 4 storage elements based on a lithium-iron phosphate compound and the at least one capacitor.

11. The energy storage arrangement of claim 10, wherein the at least one capacitor is a double-layer capacitor.

12. The energy storage arrangement of claim 1, further comprising a diode connected between the first energy storage device and the second energy storage device.

13. The energy storage arrangement of claim 12, wherein the diode is a quasi-diode.

14. The energy storage arrangement of claim 1, further comprising an electrical switching device connected between the first energy storage and the second energy storage device.

15. The energy storage arrangement of claim 14, wherein the electrical switching device is a safety switch.

16. The energy storage arrangement of claim 1, wherein the energy storage arrangement forms part of an onboard electrical system of a motor vehicle, wherein the onboard electrical system comprises at least one generator and at least one load consuming electrical power.

17. The energy storage arrangement of claim 16, wherein the at least one generator charges the first energy storage device and the second energy storage device.

18. An energy storage arrangement, comprising:

a first rechargeable energy storage device comprising a plurality of lead-based storage elements,

a second rechargeable energy storage device comprising at least six lithium titanate storage elements, having a combined nominal voltage of 15V at a state of charge of 100%, and at least one capacitor coupled to the at least six storage elements,

wherein the first and second rechargeable energy storage devices are connected in parallel,

wherein a state of charge interval is defined between state of charge boundaries of 0 and 100%, wherein a nominal voltage of the second energy storage device in the state of charge interval is in a range between a maximum charging voltage and a nominal voltage of the first energy storage device.

19. The energy storage arrangement of claim 18, wherein the state of charge interval is between a state of charge of 20% and 80%.

20. The energy storage arrangement of claim 18, wherein the state of charge interval is between a state of charge of 40% and 60%.

21. The energy storage arrangement of claim 18, wherein the state of charge interval is between a state of charge of 45% and 55%.

22. The energy storage arrangement of claim 18, wherein the second rechargeable energy storage further comprises a capacitor.

23. The energy storage arrangement of claim 22, wherein the at least one capacitor is a double-layer capacitor.

24. The energy storage arrangement of claim 22, wherein the at least one capacitor is connected in series with the plurality of lithium-based storage elements.

25. The energy storage arrangement of claim 18, further comprising a diode connected between the first energy storage device and the second energy storage device.

26. The energy storage arrangement of claim 25, wherein the diode is a quasi-diode.

27. The energy storage arrangement of claim 18, further comprising an electrical switching device connected between the first energy storage and the second energy storage device.