Multi-source, multi-load systems with a power extractor

• US 9,431,828 B2
• Filed: 08/31/2007
• Issued: 08/30/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 11/27/2006
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Apparent Labs LLC
• Original Assignee: Xslent Energy Technologies, LLC
• Inventors: Besser, David A., Matan, Stefan, Bullen, Melvin J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Amrany, Adi
• Application Number:
  US11/849,242
• Publication Number:
  US 20080122518A1
• Time in Patent Office: 3,287 Days
• Field of Search: 307/24, 307/43, 307/99, 307/109, 307/113, 307/126, 323/234, 323/293
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2300/20 The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2300/26 involving maximum power point tracking control for photovoltaic sources maximum power point systems in particular G05F1/67
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2300/40 wherein a plurality of decentralised, dispersed or local energy generation technologies are operated simultaneously
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/381 Dispersed generators
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/388 Islanding, i.e. disconnection of local power supply from the network
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/466 Scheduling the operation of the generators, e.g. connecting or disconnecting generators to meet a given demand
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00 Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0068 Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply H02J7/0013 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/35 with light sensitive cells
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 7/44 by static converters
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/56 Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/76 Power conversion electric or electronic aspects

Abstract

Apparatuses and systems enable power transfer from one or more energy sources to one or more loads. The input power from the energy sources may be unregulated, and the output power to the loads is managed. The power transfer is based on a dynamic implementation of Jacobi'"'"'s Law (also known as the Maximum Power Theorem). In some embodiments, the energy sources are selectively coupled and decoupled from the power transfer circuitry. In some embodiments, the loads are selectively coupled and decoupled from the power transfer circuitry. Power transfer to the loads is dynamically controlled.

Claims

1. A system comprising:

an energy source that provides source voltage and source current;

a load;

a power extractor to transfer power between the energy source and the load, the power extractor including an input that impedance matches an impedance of the source via an input inductor circuit having an input inductor coupled between the energy source and an internal node with one end of the input inductor coupled to the energy source and a second end of the input inductor coupled to the internal node, and an output that impedance matches an impedance of the load via an output inductor circuit having an output inductor coupled between the internal node and the load with one end of the output inductor coupled to the internal node and a second end of the output inductor coupled to the load, wherein the power extractor is to generate a signal to control input impedance matching and a separate signal to control output impedance matching, wherein the power extractor transfers power with a magnitude based on a continuously detected power change, and wherein the power extractor is to provide an unregulated output voltage and an unregulated output current to the load, wherein the power extractor output voltage varies with a voltage level of the load, and the output current is not fixed at a constant current value and follows the output voltage.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the energy source include at least one of a stable energy source or an unstable energy source.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the energy source includes one or more of a solar power source, a tidal power source, a piezoelectric power source, a wind power source, a mechanical power source, a thermally coupled heat source, a fuel cell, a battery, or a kinetic energy coupling.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein the energy source is a first energy source, and further comprising:

a second energy source that provides an unregulated source voltage and source current.

5. The system of claim 4, wherein the second energy source is a different type of energy source than the first energy source.

6. The system of claim 4, further comprising:

logic to dynamically select to transfer power from zero or more of the first and second energy sources.

7. The system of claim 6, wherein the logic dynamically selects to transfer power from the first and/or the second energy sources based at least in part on a power profile of the load.

8. The system of claim 6, wherein the logic dynamically adjusts the magnitude of power transferred from the first and/or the second energy sources based at least in part on a power profile of the load.

9. The system of claim 1, wherein the load comprises one or more of an energy storage element or a component that converts power into useful work.

10. The system of claim 9, wherein the load comprises one or more batteries.

11. The system of claim 10, wherein the battery is one of a lead-acid battery, a nickel-metal hydride battery, a lithium ion battery, a lithium ion polymer battery, or a nickel-cadmium battery.

12. The system of claim 9, wherein the load comprises one of a capacitor, a supercapacitor, or a fuel cell.

13. The system of claim 1, wherein the power extractor further dynamically matches impedance of the energy source.

14. The system of claim 1, wherein the power extractor further dynamically matches impedance of the load.

15. The system of claim 1, further comprising:

an energy source detection circuit to identify possible energy sources coupled to the power extractor.

16. The system of claim 1, further comprising:

processing circuitry coupled with the power extractor to manage the transfer of power from the energy source to the load.

17. The system of claim 16, wherein the processing circuitry comprises one of a microprocessor, a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC).

18. The system of claim 1, further comprising:

presentation circuitry that displays the operational status of the power extractor.

19. The system of claim 18, wherein the presentation circuitry further provides operation suggestions for the system based on the operational status of the power extractor.

20. The system of claim 1, further comprising:

a transceiver for communication with a central station, the communication including transmission of telemetry and reception of configuration management information.

21. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:

an inverter to receive a direct current output from the power extractor and generate a sinusoidal alternating current from the direct current.

22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the inverter senses an output frequency requirement of the load, and generates the alternating current with a frequency in Hertz based on the output frequency requirement of the load.

23. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the inverter generates the alternating current with a frequency in Hertz based on one or more of a software control parameter or a switch configuration.

24. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the inverter provides the sinusoidal alternating current at a voltage.

25. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the inverter senses an output voltage requirement of the load, and generates the alternating current with the output voltage based on the output voltage requirement of the load.

26. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the inverter generates the alternating current at the voltage based on one or more of a software control parameter or a switch configuration.

27. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the inverter provides the sinusoidal alternating current at a voltage and at one or more phases.

28. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the inverter senses a phase requirement of the load, and generates the alternating current at the voltage with the phase based on the phase requirement of the load.

29. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein inverter generates the alternating current at the phase based on one or more of a software control parameter or a switch configuration.

30. A method in a power transfer system, comprising:

receiving a variable source current at a source voltage from an energy source;

identifying one or more loads;

determining a power transfer management strategy to transfer power from the power source to the one or more loads; and

transferring power between the energy source and the one or more loads in accordance with the determined strategy via an input inductor having one end coupled to the energy source and a second end coupled to an internal node, and via an output inductor having one end coupled to the internal node and a second end coupled to the load, including

transferring power from the energy source to the internal node based on a continuously detected power change at the energy source, and

transferring power from the internal node to the one or more loads based on a signal that controls impedance matching switching of an output interface, wherein an output voltage to the one or more loads varies with a voltage level of the one or more loads, and an output current is not fixed at a constant current value and follows the output voltage.

31. The method of claim 30, wherein receiving the unregulated source current at the source voltage further comprises:

detecting one or more power sources; and

selectively coupling and decoupling power sources to manage input power to power transfer circuitry; and

wherein the power management logic dynamically adjusts the magnitude of power transferred from one or more power sources based at least in part on a power profile of the loads.

32. The method of claim 30, wherein determining the power transfer management strategy further comprises:

determining a power consumption of a load.

33. The method of claim 32, wherein determining the power consumption of the load further comprises:

obtaining a power profile of the load.

34. The method of claim 30, wherein determining the power transfer management strategy further comprises:

determining a power distribution rule;

wherein transferring power comprises preferentially providing power to loads based on the determined power distribution rule.

35. The method of claim 30, wherein transferring power further comprises:

detecting one or more loads; and

selectively coupling and decoupling loads to manage output power to the loads; and

wherein the power management logic dynamically adjusts the magnitude of power transferred to the one or more loads based at least in part on a power profile of the loads.

36. The method of claim 30, further comprising:

communicating to a remote management entity information related to an operational status of the power transfer system.

37. The method of claim 30, further comprising:

receiving from a remote management entity information related to application of the power transfer management strategy.